• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to develop an effective dyeing process for black color on the silk fabrics, using natural Indigo, Madder, Amur cork tree, Alder, Logwood, and Gallnut. All natural dye materials were water-extracted, concentrated, and freeze-dried. Seven different processes were carried out and the color differences(${\Delta}E$) of black color with each process from the chemical black dyed fabric were compared. The light, washing, and rubbing fastness were evaluated. The black dyeing of the silk fabrics was well carried and excellent black color was obtained in every methods. The profound black color could be obtained by the subtractive mixture of the three primary colors of red, yellow, and blue in the order of indigo(blue) - amur cork tree(yellow) - madder or lac(red). Black color was efficiently obtained by iron mordant when logwood or alder fruit was used. The color difference(${\Delta}E$) from the black color with chemical dyestuff was the lowest in the indigo - amur cork tree - lac - iron method. Light fastness and washing fastness were excellent in all dyeing processes, showing grade 5. The fastness to rubbing was excellent as shown grade 5 in the dry samples of logwood - iron process and alder fruit - iron process.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.862-867
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• 2013

Since the industrial revolution, seawater has increased in temperature and acidity due to the increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. To understand the effect of elevated $CO_2$ on the early life stages of fish, we reared fertilized eggs of black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii under three $CO_2$ concentrations (400, 850 and 1550 ppm) for 3 weeks. The standard length and wet weight of black sea bream larvae declined with enhanced $CO_2$ concentration in the rearing water (P<0.05). However, chemical analysis using ICP-OES on internal tissues of black sea bream larvae indicated that the whole-body calcium concentration increased with $CO_2$ concentration in the rearing water. These conflicting results suggest that future experiments should examine the acid-base balance to investigate the formation of bone and otolith during larval growth.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

The effect of chitosan on enzymatic activities and on bioactive compounds was characterized during germination at $25^{\circ}C$ for 7 days to search for a method to produce a germinated black rice. The germination rate was reduced by the addition of lactate and chitosan. The rotting rate was greatly decreased by chitosan, suggesting that the addition of chitosan into a germination solution might be an effective method for controlling fungal contamination during the germination of cereals. The addition of 100 and 200 ppm chitosan increased $\alpha$-amylase activity after 7 days by up to 152 % and 197 %, respectively. The activities of $\beta$-amylase and $\beta$-glucosidase were lower with 200 ppm chitosan than in distilled water and 100 ppm lactate. The amount of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids decreased rapidly for four days and thereafter remained constant until the seventh day. The antioxidant activity of germinated black rice, in terms of hydrogen-donating activity, increased slowly and did not correspond to the changes of total soluble phenolics and total flavonoids. The amount of phytic acid was reduced by the addition of 200 ppm chitosan compared to distilled water, indicating that chitosan could be used as an elicitor for the increase of phytase activity during the germination of black rice.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.715-722
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• 2022

Pt-Fe/carbon black nanocatalysts were prepared by spontaneous reduction reaction of Platinum(II) acetylacetonate and Iron(II) acetylacetonate in a nucleophilic solvent and they were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET) surface area analysis and anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis test station. The distribution of the Pt and Fe nanoparticles on carbon black was observed by TEM, and the loading weight of Pt-Fe nanocatalysts on the carbon black was measured by TGA. Elemental ratio of Fe:Pt was estimated by EDS and it was found that elemental ratio of Pt and Fe was changed in the range of 1:0 to 0:1, and the loading weight of Pt-Fe nanoparticles on the carbon black was 5.95-6.78 wt%. Specific surface area was greatly reduced because Pt-Fe nanocatalysts blocked the pores. I-V characteristics were estimated.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2004

카본 블랙은 매우 낮은 밀도로 화장품에는 사용되지 않고 있지만 독성이 없고 안정한 물리적 특성과 검은색의 특성으로 이용 가치가 있다고 사료되는 바이다. 본 연구에서는 TEOS, a) PEO/ lecithin, b) PEO/polyethylene glycol, c) lecithin/polyethylene을 ethanol/water 수용액상에서 계면활성제를 탄화시켜 sol-gei반응에 의해 meso-porous silica샘플을 얻었고 N2 조건하 50$0^{\circ}C$에서 열처리된 organic-inorganic hybrid silica를 합성하였다. Pore안에 카본 블랙을 함유하는 meso-porous silica는 친수성, 소수성 용매에서 모두 좋은 분산성을 보여준다. 이 샘플은 BET에 의해 specific surface area (750$m^2$/g)과 pore size (4-6 nm)이고, XRD측정으로 pore structure (cylindrical type)를, 샘플의 SEM촬영으로 morphology(0.1-0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ 입자 크기를 갖는 spherical powder)를 갖는다는 것을 알아냈다. 이렇게 합성한 카본-실리카 블랙 컬러를 마스카라에 적용하면 일반적으로 마스카라에 사용되던 블랙 컬러 사용시 보다 좀더 검은색을 보여주는 것은 물론이고 우수한 분산성도 갖는다. 무엇보다 이 파우더의 밀도 조절이 가능하여 마스카라 뿐 만 아니라 모든 화장품에의 사용이 가능하다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.311-315
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• 1997

Proximate compositions of black rice and antioxidative effects of its methanol extract on refined perilla oil were investigated. Black rice seeds were composed of water 12.4%, crude protein 7.9%, crude fat 2.2%, crude fiber 1.0%, ash 1.4% and N-free extract 75.1%. The hexane and 80% methanol fractions in yields were higher than 80% ethanol and chloroform. In AOM(active oxygen method) test, antioxidative effects of black rice added to the refined perilla oil was increased with dose-dependent fashion in concentration of the black rice extracts. Among several extracts tested, 80% aqueous methanol extract showed the highest antioxidative activity, followed by hexane, chloroform, in that order. The peroxide value and TBA value for their antioxidation stability were also lower than that of control. This result was similar to that of AOM test.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

The effect of surface free energy on the positive temperature coefficient (PTC) of carbon black/thermoplastic resin composites was investigated. The thermoplastic resins such as EVA, LDPE, LLDPE and HDPE were used with the addition of 30 wt.% of the carbon black. The surface free energy of the composites was studied in the context of two-liquid contact angle measurements, i.e., deionized water and diiodomethane. It was observed that the resistivity on PTC composites Was greatly increased near the crystalline melting temperature, due to the thermal expansion of polymeric matrix. From the experimental results, it was proposed that the decrease of surface free energy induced by interactions between carbon black surfaces and polymer chains is an important factor to the fabrication of a PTC composite made of carbon black and polymeric matrix.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Black carbon, which is a by-product of combustion of fossil fuel and biomass burning, is the component that imposes the largest uncertainty on quantifying aerosol climate effect. The direct, indirect and semi-direct climate effects of black carbon depend on its state of the mixing with other water-soluble aerosol components. The process that transforms hydrophobic externally mixed black carbon particles into hygroscopic internally mixed ones is called "aging". In most climate models, simple parameterizations for the aging time scale are used instead of solving detailed dynamics equations on the aging process due to the computation cost. In this study, a new parameterization for the black carbon aging time scale due to condensation and coagulation is presented as a function of the concentration of hygroscopic atmospheric components and the black carbon particle size. It is shown that the black carbon aging time scale due to condensation of sulfuric acid vapors varies to a large extent depending on the sulfuric acid concentration and the black carbon particle size. This result indicates that the constant aging time scale values suggested in the literature cannot be directly applied to a global scale modeling. The aging time scale due to coagulation with internally mixed aerosol particles shows an even stronger dependency on particle size, which implies that the use of a particle-size-independent aging time scale may lead to a large error when the aging is dominated by coagulation.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.288-293
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• 2002

염색 공단 폐수로부터 채취한 시료에서 Remazol Black B를 유일 탄소원으로 성장할 수 있는 미생물들을 순수 분리 하고, 염료 분해능이 가장 우수한 균주를 API 20E kit를 이용해 생화확적 특성을 분석해 본 결과, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia EJ-211로 명명하였다. S. maltophilia EJ-211에 의한 난분해성 반응염료인 Remazol Black B 분해 반응을 분석한 결과, 보조 탄소원으로 포도당 1.0%(w/v), 질소원으로 trypton peptone은 1.0%(w/v), 3$0^{\circ}C$, pH 6.5의 최적 조건을 결정할 수 있었다. 호기적 조건에서의 S. maltophilia EJ-211의 Remazol Black B는 28시간 동안 약 86% 수준의 염료 분해능을 보여주어 Remazol Black B에 대한 생분해능이 아주 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2002

In order to develop the economic and environmental water-soluble black coloring agent, some adequate chemical mixtures were mixed and this solution was applied to coat quenched and tempered 51B20 steel bolt. Some basic properties of the solution and characteristics of the coated film in addition to the corrosion resistance were investigated. The developed 100 kg of water-soluble black coloring agent solution was a chemical mixture consisted of 10 kg of aqueous coloring agent, 40 kg of surface active agent, 0.3 kg of anti-foam agent and $50{\ell}$ of water. The coated film of the bolt was composed of hard layer of about $2{\mu}m$ and the disbondable soft layer of about $4{\mu}m$ above the hard layer. Many surface active agents peaks and a few hydrophilic peaks were observed in the coated film. Surface roughness value of the coated bolt was lower than that of the non-coated bolt. Corrosion resistance of the coated bolt considerably improved and also relatively showed a good polarization resistance at test condition of $40^{\circ}C$ colorizing temperature and 5% the solution concentration in 3% NaCl anodic polarization test. Initial appearance time of the surface rust was greatly retarded owing to the coated film in salt spray test.