• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.300-306
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• 1993

Speries-related meat flavors were investigated for red meats (bovine, porcine, caprine, and ovine). Volatile branched-chain fatty acids (VBCFAs) including 2-methylbutanoic, 3-methylbutanoic, 4-methylpentanoic, 2-ethylhexanoic, 4-methylhexanoic, 4-methyloctanoic, 6-methyloctanoic, 4-ethyloctanoic, 4-methylnonanoic, and 2-ethyldecanoic acids were identified in the meats from cow (bovine), pig (porcine), goats (caprine ; American white goat and Korean black goat), and lamb (ovine). Beef flavor of bovine meat was characterized by the basic meaty flavor, lacking in goaty and muttony flavor impacts due to low or absent in 4-methyl.octanoic and 4-ethyloctanoic acids. Porcine meat contained the least number of VBCFAs among sample species tested, and 3-methylbutanoic acid contributed to the unclean sweaty odor of pork. Caprine meat from Korean black and American white goats lacked in short VBCFAs (C5, C6, and C7) and contained 4-methyloctanoic and 4-ethyloctanoic acids contributing to the characteristic goaty flavor of caprine meat. Caprine meat flavor was distinctively characterized by 4-ethyloctanoic acid, while 4-methyloctanoic acid provides sweaty-muttony flavor to ovine meat. Although kinds of VBCFAs are same in two different varieties of caprine meats, meat sample from Korean black goat had stronger goaty odor and contained higher concentration of 4-ethyloctanoic acid than the meat sample from American white goat did.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.213-217
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• 2009

In this study, the effects of processed small black soybeans on the intestinal morphological characteristics of rats were examined. Adult male rats were fed diets containing raw, cooked, or acidified small black soybean powders for 4 weeks. The total short chain fatty acid (SCFA) level was significantly higher in the acidified small black soybean supplemented group than in the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The major SCFAs found in the experimental groups were acetate, followed by propionate and butyrate. The duodenal villus height and colonic mucosal thickness were also significantly higher in the acidified small black soybean supplemented group than in the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The acidified small black soybean supplemented group showed the densest colonic mucosa by staining with alcian blue (AB), as compared to the raw and cooked soybean diet groups. The acidified small black soybean supplemented group exhibited strongly stained $CD4^+$ in the mucosal lamina propria, while cooked and acidified diet groups were more strongly stained $CD8^+$ in the submucosal lamina propria than the raw diet group. These results suggest that acidified small black soybeans may help improve intestinal function.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.192-198
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• 2000

Cure characteristics and physical properties of carbon black-filled natural rubber (NR) compounds depending on the mixing procedure were studied using the compounds with different pre-final mixing (FM-1) stages. Carbon master batch (MB) and first and second remitting (1RM and 2RM) stages were employed as the FM-1 stage. Bound rubber content of the FM compound decreased with increasing the mixing steps. This was due to the decrease of the molecular weight distribution of the polymer by the rubber chain scission during the mixing. The Mooney viscosity decreased with increasing the mixing steps. Cure characteristics of the compounds were found to be different with the mixing procedures. The cure times of the compound became slower by increasing the number of the mixing steps. This was explained by the length of rubber chain, the carbon black network, distribution of the curatives in the compound, and immobilization of the polymeric segments. Modulus and tensile strength of the vulcanizate did not show a specific trend with the mixing procedure. Fatigue life of the vulcanizate increased by increasing the mixing stages.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

Black shoot blight disease caused by Erwinia pyrifoliae has serious impacts on quality and yield in pear production in Korea; therefore, rapid and accurate methods for its detection are needed. However, traditional detection methods require a great deal of time and fail to achieve absolute quantification. In the present study, we developed a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) method for the detection and absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae using a pair of species-specific primers. The detection range was 10³-10⁷ copies/ml (DNA templates) and cfu/ml (cell culture templates). This new method exhibited good linearity and repeatability and was validated by absolute quantification of E. pyrifoliae DNA copies from samples of artificially inoculated immature pear fruits. Here, we present the first study of ddPCR assay for the detection and quantification of E. pyrifoliae. This method has potential applications in epidemiology and for the early prediction of black shoot blight outbreaks.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.241-246
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• 2000

In order to investigate structural properties of Chindo black rice(grown in Chindo, Chonnam) starch and its amylopectin, Chindo black rice was investigated in comparison to Shinsun waxy rice. The maximum absorbance wave and intrinsic viscosity of Chindo black rice starch and Shinsun waxy rice starch were 523 nm, 521 nm and 183 ml/g, 178 ml/g, respectively. ${\beta}-amylolysis$ limit(%) of Chindo black rice and Shinsun waxy rice starch were 62.8% and 60.3%, respectively. Chindo black rice was determined to be a waxy rice due to the results of iodine reaction and elution profile on Sephroce CL-2B. The chain of amylopectins in Chindo black rice distributed fraction 1$(F_1)$ of above degree of polymerization$({\overline{DP}})$ 55, fraction 2$(F_2)$ of ${\overline{DP}} $40{\sim}50$ and fraction 3$(F_3)$ of ${\overline{DP}} $15{\sim}20$, and the ratio of $F_3$ to $F_2$ for Chindo black rice was higher than that for Shinsun waxy rice. The super long chain of amylopectin in Chindo black rice was consisted much more than that of Shinsun waxy rice. ${\beta}-limit$ dextrins in Chindo black rice amylopectin distributed $F_1$ of above ${\overline{DP}} 55, $F_2$ of ${\overline{DP}} $30{\sim}45$ and $F_3$ of ${\overline{DP}} $10{\sim}20$. Little difference was shown between elution patterns of the pullulanase treated ${\beta}-limit$ dextrins of Chindo black rice amylopectin and Shinsun waxy rice amylopectin. These results suggest that Chindo black rice starch was similar to Shinsun waxy rice starch.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.249-254
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• 2016

As the meat of black goats has become popular as a healthy food, domestic goat meat-related industries are steadily growing. However, previous studies are scarce of informations about the zoonotic disease originated from the black goat in Korea. In this study, we investigated Korean black goat's infectious diseases representing bovine tuberculosis, brucellosis, and Q fever. One hundred and eighty samples were collected from a local slaughter house located in Jeollanam-do. Three typical zoonotic diseases were separately examined by carrying out enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Histopathological test was additionally performed in tuberculosis. In case of tuberculosis, results of the PCR and histopathological test were negative but the ELISA results were positive in eight samples. In case of brucellosis, one out of the total samples was shown to be positive in the ELISA and none in the PCR. In case of Q fever, there were forty one positive in the ELISA and twenty positive in the real-time PCR. Those results indicate that the Korean black goat could be a natural reservoir in the possible chain-infections among human, cows and goats. Thus, further study needs in order to improve productivity as well as to prevent the zoonosis spreading and circulation of other livestock with the black goat in this country.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.51.3-52
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• 2020

We present the status of the development of a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) parameter estimation (PE) pipeline for compact binary coalescences (CBCs) with the Japanese KAGRA gravitational-wave (GW) detector. The pipeline is included in the KAGRA Algorithm Library (KAGALI). Basic functionalities are benchmarked from the LIGO Algorithm Library (LALSuite) but the KAGRA MCMC PE pipeline will provide a simpler, memory-efficient pipeline to estimate physical parameters from gravitational waves emitted from compact binaries consisting of black holes or neutron stars. Applying inspiral-merge-ringdown and inspiral waveforms, we performed simulations of various black hole binaries, we performed the code sanity check and performance test. In this talk, we present the situation of GW observation with the Covid-19 pandemic. In addition to preliminary PE results with the KAGALI MCMC PE pipeline, we discuss how we can optimize a CBC PE pipeline toward the next observation run.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.916-921
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• 2018

Recently, interest in autonomous vehicle has increased, and autonomous driving capability is also increasing. Depending on the autonomous driving ability, the maximum number of steps is divided into 6 steps. The higher the step, the less the involvement of the person in the running, and the person does not need to be involved at the highest stage. Today's autonomous vehicles have been developed high level, but solutions are not clearly defined in case of an accident, so only the test run is possible. Such an accident occurring during traveling is almost inevitable, and it is judged who has made a mistake in case of an accident, which increases the punishment for the accident. Although a black box is used to clarify such a part, it is easy to delete a record, and it is difficult to solve an accident such as a hit-and-run. In this paper, i design a driving record system using black chain to solve accidents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.10a
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• pp.567-569
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• 2021

The power battery supply chain in China currently lacks stable cooperation and effective information exchange. The competitive pressure brings about irregular recycling channels, reducing the operation and efficiency of the power battery supply chain. Besides, some regular power battery recycling enterprises fabricate data to obtain subsidies by taking advantage of the loopholes in the relevant policies of the state on recycling subsidies. Due to the high price of recycling in the black market, some regular enterprises resell the batteries recycled through regular channels, later purchasing the batteries with no utilization value to obtain the national recycling subsidies by cheating at the same time. Fig. 3 shows the present network structure of the tradi tional Chinese power battery closed-loop supply chain

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1998

The dispersing behaviors of oligomer-type anionic surfactants, cooligomers of diethyl maleate(CmD-Na) or maleic anhydride (CmM-Na) and $C_4{\sim}C_{16}$ alkyl vinylether, which have a different alkyl chain length of the hydrophobic group or degree of polymerization, were studied on the aqueous suspension of ${\alpha}-$ and ${\beta}-$ copper phthalocyanine and carbon black particles. In case of the side alkyl chain length of $C_4{\sim}C_{10}$ of CmD-Na, the dispersing actions were good in the concentration range of 0.01 to 0.1%. Especially, side alkyl groups played an important role in the orientation adsorption on the surface of pigment particles, and oligomers having smaller degrees of polymerization were more effective in the dispersing action, but did not affect the dispersability of carbon black.