• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.185-195
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• 1991

This study was undertaken to grope the correlation of the maximal bite force and tooth-craniofacial structure. The maximal bite force of 76 adult male, aged 18-28 (mean aged: $23.4{\pm}2.2$) years, was estimated and cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. 59.61kg of bite force in first molar, 45.38kg in premolar and 17.10kg in central incisor were arranged. 2. The bite force was negatively correlated to genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and positively correlated to posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth in craniofacial structure. 3. The group with strong bite force showed small genial angle, mandibular plane angle, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, the angle between palatal plane and mandibular plane, and long posterior height of face, length of mandibular body, length of ramus, facial depth. So they manifested the tendency to brachycephalic pattern, on the other hand, the group with weak bite force manifested the tendency to dolichocephalic pattern. 4. There is no correlationships between bite force and mesial inclination of premolar axis in this subject. 5. It is considered bite force have an effect upon craniofacial pattern, especially upon the lower face.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.333-354
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• 1990

This study was designed to analyse vertical dysplasia such as open bite or deep bite in persons with skeletal Class III malocclusion. The subjects consisted of 60 control patients, 40 Class III open bite patients and 40 Class III deep bite patients. The mean age was 19.8 years in the control group, 17.8 years in the Class III open bite group and 16.5 years in the Class III deep bite group. The results were as follows: 1. In Class III malocclusion patients, the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are under the palatal plane. 2. In Class III malocclusion patients, the items showing the characteristics of the vertical dysplasia are mandibular plane angle, lower gonial angle, lower facial height, dental height & inclination of the upper first molar, interincisal angle, maxillary & mandibular occlusal plane angle. 3. In Class III malocclusion patients, LPFH/LAFH ratio shows the highest significance among the facial height ratios. 4. In Class III malocclusion patients, open bite group has a upward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & downward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. And deep bite group has a downward cant of maxillary occlusal plane & upward cant of mandibular occlusal plane. 5. In Class III malocclusion patients, the molar teeth of the open bite group are measially inclined and those of the deep bite group are upright.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.391-403
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• 1993

For the purpose of investigating mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth in normal occlusion group, open bite and deep bite group and investigating the correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth and overbite of anterior teeth, a cephalometric study was performed on the subjects consisted of normal occlusion group(40), open bite group(71 : Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 25, Class III 25) and deep bite group(64 : Angle's Class I 23, Class II, division 1 21, Class III 20). Mesiodistal axial inclination of posterior teeth to occlusal, mandibular and palatal plane were measured. The findings of this study were as follows : 1. Upper and lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined to occlusal plane in open bite group than in deep bite group. 2. Lower posterior teeth were more mesially inclined in deep bite group than in open bite group in Angle's Class II, division 1 malocclusion but there were no significant differences in Angle's Class I and Class III malocclusion. 3. There was no significant correlationship between the axial inclination of posterior teeth to each plane and overbite of anterior teeth in open bite group. 4. There was a significant correlationship between the axial inclination of upeer and lower second premolar to occlusal plane and overbite of anterior teeth in Angle's Class I, Class II, division 1 and Class III malocclusion.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.327-339
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• 1992

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of orthognathic surgery on occlusal force. The maximum bite force was measured in 26 dentofacial deformity patients, aged 14-26(mean age 20.3) years, before surgery and at IMF removal, 3, 6, and 12months postsurgery. To grope the correlation of bite force and skeletal change after orthognathic surgery, the cephalometric headplates were measured, tabulated and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows. 1. The presurgical maximum bite force was 13.7kg in upper first molar(rt. Side 12.7kg, it. Side 14.6kg). There was remarkable difference with that of normal occlusion. 2. The recovery of bite force was very significant in according to the operation method and the duration of IMF that was 7.6kg at IMF removal, 14.2kg at 3 months, 19.7kg at 6 months. 26.1kg at 12 months postsurgery. 3. To fasten the recovery and to increase the bite force after orthognathic surgery, the long IMF time and the injury to the masticatory muscle should be avoided by the internal rigid fixation and early physical exercise. 4. The bite force was positively correlated to the changes of mandibular plane angle, the angle between platatal plane and mandibular plan, the angle between occlusal plane and mandibular plane, and negatively correlated to the changes of mandibular body length in craniofacial structure. 5. There was no correlationship between bit force and mesial inclination of tooth long axis of first molar in this subject. 6. There was no correlation between the changes of bite force and the changes of mechanical advantage of the temporal and masseter muscle.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1984

The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment effectiveness of TENS and bite plane for bruxism and TMJ dysfunction patients. The electromyograms were made on males aged 23 to 25 with sound stomatognathic system, 5 males bruxism aged 24 to 27, and 1 male and 4 females TMJ dysfunction patients (right TMJ pain) aged 14 to 33. The electromyographic study was limited to the middle of masseter muscle and anterior temporal muscle. The electromyographic study was carried out with 8-channel EM2 (Myotronics Research Inc.) and was taken 5 mandibular positions of clinical rest position, clench intercuspal position, clench protruded, cluch right, clench left. The 2 pairs of surface electrodes were used exactly, with the ear lobe as reference point. The recording were subjected to determine the mean voltage. The results were as follows; 1. In the clinical rest position, the muscle activities of bruxism and TMJ dysfunction patients were higher than those of normal at the before treatment, but that were lower or similar to those of normal at the TENS after and after bite plane wearing. 2. In the clench I.C.P., the muscle activities of TMJ dysfunction patients were decreased as the order of the before treatment, after TENS, after occlusal bite plane wearing, but those of bruxism were irregular. 3. In the clench right and the clench left, the muscle activities of the middle of masseter muscle of the non-working side of bruxism were higher than those of the working side at the before treatment and after TENS, but the muscle activities of after occlusal bite plane wearing were similar to those of the normal. 4. In the clench right and the clench left, the muscle activities of the middle of masseter muscle and anterior temporal muscle of the working side of TMJ dysfunction patients were higher than those of non-working side as like the normal at the before treatment, after TENS, and after occlusal bite plane wearing.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.289-301
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• 2004

It is the purpose of this study to characterize oral symptoms and to comprehend the cause and the relapse possibility of patients with open bite. This case study examines the orthodontic treatment of a group of female patients with open bite and Angle's Class I malocclusion. A cephalograph of the patient was taken and tracing of the radiograph was completed. In addition to Bjork and Ricketts analysis, additional measurements of specific areas were taken. The occlusal plane was determined by drawing a line connecting the mesiobuccal cusp tip of the maxillary first molar and the incisal edge of the maxillary central incisors. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the relationship between the marginal ridge of the maxillayy first premolar and the drawn line. Those patients with marginal ridges above the occlusal plane were placed into Group 1, while Group 2 subjects exhibited marginal ridges lower than the occlusal plane. The common characteristics within each group and the characteristic differences between each group both prior to and after orthodontic treatment were examined, and finally, the functional oral volume of each patient was analyzed. The results of the case study were as follows: 1. An examination of the skeletal relationship and anatomical form for both Group 1 and 2 showed that all subjects exhibited hyperdivergent skeletal forms, but Group 2 subjects generally demonstrated underdevelopment of the mandible and a smaller articular angle, resulting in an anterior positioning tendency of the mandible. 2. An analysis of the maxillary arches of Group 1 subjects prior to and after orthodontic treatment showed that the antero-inferior direction had changed to an antero-superior directional tendency, while the maxillary arches of the Group 2 patients showed a trend from an antero-superior direction to an antero-inferior relationship. The mandibular arches in both groups showed a change to an antero-superior direction. 3. Functional space analysis showed that Group 2 patients exhibited a greater tendency of haying palatal planes that drop in a postero-inferior direction, resulting in a more severe open bite than their Group 1 counterparts. The results of this case study show that although patients belonging to either Group 1 or 2 exhibited few external differences in the appearance of open bite, an examination of the dental and skeletal relationships by analyzing patient cephalographs showed that patients presenting with flat maxillary occlusal planes exhibited more severe open bite relationships than patients with curved occlusal planes.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1993

자자는 1991년 2월부터 1993년 2월까지 경북대학교병원 구강악안면외과에 하악전돌 및 개구교합을 주소로 내원하여 하악골 시상골절단술을 이용하여 악교정 수술을 받은 환자중 추적 조사가 가능했던 9명의 개구교합을 동반한 하악 전돌증 환자와 개구교합이 없는 하악 전돌증 환자 9명, 총 18명을 대상으로 두부 상사선 규격사진을 이용한 술후 재발에 관한 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 비개구교합군에 비해 개구교합군에서 술전 전안면고경, 하악 하연 평면각 및 하악 우각부 값이 더 크게 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다.(p>0.05) 2. 개구교합군에서 수술시 SNB 값과 하악 하연 길이의 변화량이 하악의 재발과 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다.(p.<0.01) 3. 개구교합군에서 전안면고경은 술후 비교적 안정되어 있었다. 4. 개구교합군과 비개구교합군에서 수술에 의한 하악 하연 평면각의 변화와 하악의 수평 이동량은 재발과 상관 관계가 없었다.(p>0.01) 5.개구교합을 가진3급 부정교합 환자에서 하악골 시상골 절단술을 시행시 본 연구에서는 수직적 재발보다는 수평적 재발에 문제가 있었다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제19권5호통권144호
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• pp.405-407
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• 1981

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.367-397
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• 1991

This study was aimed to investigate the occlusal plane inclination in relation to the skeletal and dental assessment measurements in order to provide a reference in orthodontic treatment planning as the occlusal plane should be reconstructed orthodontically or gnathologically. The sample consisted of 73 normal occlusions and 113 malocclusions of adults. The computerized statistical analysis of 38 occlusal plane's and 29 skeletal and dental measurements were carried out with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; 1 In normal occlusion, COP-NaPog was average $83.63^{\circ}$ (2.44) and occlusal plane inclination had a strong negative correlation with SNB and FH-NaPog. 2. In normal occlusion, ArANS plane was nearly parallel to the occlusal plane. 3. In malocclusion, the larger the mandibular plane angle and the shorter the ramus height was, the more downward the occlusal plane had a tendency to tip anteriorly. 4. Occlusal plane was more horizontal in deep bite group, while it was steeper in openbite group. 5. The curve of Spee was severe in deep bite group but in openbite group mandibular occlusal plane showed average reverse curvature, where it was found that the configuration of the occlusal plane contributed to the excess or deficiency of anterior overbite.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.13-21
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 전치부의 개방교합을 동반한 환자 5명의 증례를 분석하여 (1) 성인에서의 상악 구치 함입을 통한 개방교합의 치료의 가능성과 (2) 이때 고정원으로서의 정중구개부 미니스크류의 유용성 여부와 (3) 치료에 의한 골격성, 치아-치조골의 변화에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 상악구치부를 스플린트한 후 정중구개부에 두개의 미니스크류를 삽입하고 구개횡선 아치로 상악제 일대구치를 연결한 뒤, 탄성 재를 이용하여 상악 제일대구치에 함입력을 적용하였다. 측면 두개방사선상의 변화에 대한 분석 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 모든 환자에서 상악 제1대구치의 실질적인 압하가 일어났고, 이때 평균 압하량은 $3.4mm(1.5mm\~5.0mm)$였다. 2. 상악 구치의 압하를 시행하는 동안 임상적으로 정중구개부의 미니스크류의 안정성이 유지되었다. 3. 하악이 반시계방향으로의 회전되었으며, 하악평면각, 교합평면각의 감소가 관찰되었다.