• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1861-1871
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• 1994

This paper presents efficient real time software implementation methods for the grayscale morphological composite function processing (FP) system. The proposed method is based on a matrix representation of the composite FP system using a basis matrix composed of structuring elements. We propose a procedure to derive the basis matrix for composite FP systems with any grayscale structuring element (GSE). It is shown that composite FP operations including morphological opening and closing are more efficiently accomplished by a local matrix operation with the basis matrix rather than cascade operations, eliminating delays and requiring less memory storage. In the second part of this paper, a VLSI implementation architecture for grayscale morphological operators is presented. The proposed implementation architecture employs a bit-serial approach which allows grayscale morphological operations to be decomposed into bit-level binary operation unit for the p-bit grayscale singnal. It is shown that this realization is simple and modular structure and thus is suitable for VLSI implementation.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06b
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• pp.537-540
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• 2004

In this paper, CMOS A/D converter with 6bit 2GSPS Nyquist input at 1.8V is designed. In order to obtain the resolution of 6bit and the character of high-speed operation. we present an Interpolation type architecture. In order to overcome the problems of high speed operation further a novel encoder, a circuit for the Reference Fluctuation, an Averaging Resistor and a Track & Hold for the improved SNR are proposed. The proposed Interpolation ADC consists of Track & Holt four resistive ladders with 64 taps, 32 comparators and digital blocks. The proposed ADC is based on 0.18um 1-poly 3-metal N-well CMOS technology, and it consumes 145mW at 1.8V power supply.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.448-455
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• 1996

In this paper, we have proposed a VQ algorithm which uses a generating order to make quantize feature vector of speech signal. The proposed algorithm inspects what codeword follows a(ter present codeword and adds new index to established codebook, when mapping speech signal. We present a variable bit rate for new codebook, and propose an efficient compressed way of information. In this way, the number of computation and the number of codewords to be searched are reduced considerably. The performance of the proposed VQ algorithm is evaluated by spectrum distortion measure and bit rate. The obtained spectrum distortion is reduced about 0.22 [db], and the bit rate is saved over 0.21 bit/frame.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.588-594
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• 2021

SIMON, a lightweight block cipher developed by the US National Security Agency, is a family of block ciphers optimized for hardware implementation. It supports many kinds of standards to operate in various environments. The counter mode of operation is one of the operational modes. It provides to encrypt plaintext which is longer than the original size. The counter mode uses a constant(Nonce) and Counter value as an input value. Since Nonce is the identical for all blocks, so it always has same result when operates with other constant values. With this feature, it is possible to skip some instructions of round function by pre-computation. In general, the input value of SIMON is affected by the counter. However in an 8-bit environment, it is calculated in 8-bit units, so there is a part that can be pre-computed. In this paper, we focus the part that can be pre-calculated, and compare with previous works.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.3 s.234
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• pp.418-424
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• 2005

We present the design, fabrication and experimental results of 4-bit digital microinjectors, whose ejected droplet volumes are adjusted by the digital operation of a 4-bit microheater array. We design the reference microinjectors as well as its comparative test structures. In the fabrication process, we use a five-mask micromachining process and the total chip size of the fabricated microinjector is $7,640{\mu}m{\times}5,260{\mu}m.$ We measure the ejected droplet volumes and velocities, which are adjusted from $12.1{\pm}1.0~55.6{\pm}14.7pl\;and\;2.3{\pm}0.1~15.7{\pm}0.8m/s.$ respectively, depending on the 15 possible combinations of 4-bit microheater array. We also experimentally characterize the effect of geometric variation including the microheater size, inter-microheater gap, microchannel width and sequential operation of microheater array on the ejected droplet volume and velocity. Among these parameters, we find that the microheater size is the most dominant parameter affected to the ejected droplet volumes and velocities. Thus, the present microinjector has a potential for application to the high-resolution inkjet printers with multiple gray levels or high-precision fluid injectors with variable volume control.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.104-107
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• 2005

We have developed and tested an RSFQ 4-bit Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) based on half adder cells and de switches. ALU is a core element of a computer processor that performs arithmetic and logic operations on the operands in computer instruction words. The designed ALU had limited operation functions of OR, AND, XOR, and ADD. It had a pipeline structure. We have simulated the circuit by using Josephson circuit simulation tools in order to reduce the timing problem, and confirmed the correct operation of the designed ALU. We used simulation tools of $XIC^{TM},\;WRspice^{TM}$, and Julia. The fabricated 4-bit ALU circuit had a size of $\3000{\ cal}um{\times}1500{\cal}$, and the chip size was $5{\cal} mm{\times}5{\cal}mm$. The test speeds were 1000 kHz and 5 GHz. For high-speed test, we used an eye-diagram technique. Our 4-bit ALU operated correctly up to 5 GHz clock frequency. The chip was tested at the liquid-helium temperature.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2004

Due to the development of computer network and mobile communications, the security in image data and other related source are very important as in saving or transferring the commercial documents, medical data, and every private picture. Nonetheless, the conventional encryption algorithms are usually focusing on the word message. These methods are too complicated or complex in the respect of image data because they have much more amounts of information to represent. In this sense, we proposed an efficient secret symmetric stream type encryption algorithm which is based on Boolean matrix operation and the characteristic of image data.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.76-87
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• 1994

지난호에는 IS 10116 : n비트 블럭 암호 알고리즘의 운영모드(Modes of operation for a 64-bit blick cipher algorithm)를 소개하였다. 이번 호에는 보다 n=64의 경우에 한정되어 제한적이기는 하지만 훨씬 먼저인 1987년에 만들어져 사용 되어오고 있으며 1992년 정보보안 국제총회에서 이미 많은 제품이 IS 8372를 근거로 만들어져 있기 때문이라는 이유로 다시 5년간 국제표준으로서 수명의 연장을 받은 IS 8372를 소개한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.10 no.16
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• pp.81-88
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• 1987

This article develops to determine and to allocate the two level factors at the table of orthogonal arrays. The column numbers of two factors and two-factor interaction can be determined in applying the bit-by-bit EX-OR operation. The assignment of the Two factors and Two factor interaction is attained by USING COMPUTER, IBM PC/AT applying algorithm of EX-OR operation Theory.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.459-467
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• 2011

BIS(Bus Information Systems) supplies the bus arrived time information for users in using BIT(Bus Information Terminal) installed on the bus stop. BIT is the device using peoples directly. So, BIT need a quick response when it flew. These are an important factor in the strategy of the BIS maintenance. BIT need a maintenance cost to operate smoothly. So, Suppose that commercial advertisement can be displayed on BIT screen in this study. And we researched an advertisement rates of the optimum level in using Contingent Valuation Method. In addition, we analyzed a characteristic of user's depending on each time using multinomial Logit Modeling method, and studied for BIT operation and ad. displaying strategy considered user's sex, ages and using times.