• Mycobiology
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.199-201
• /
• 2004

The genus Biscogniauxia is a member of the Xylariaceae that has brown to dark brown and phaseoliform single cell ascospores with a conspicuous full germ slit. The isolates of Biscogniauxia collected from Mt. Nejang-san in Korea are compared with similar taxa and described. The isolation of B. nummularia var. merrillii is the first record with a precise description in Korea.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.271-276
• /
• 2004

The genus of Biscogniauxia, well known wood degrading fungi, is a member of the Xylariales, which has woody to carbonaceous, brown to dark brown stromata. Daldinia concentrica and Biscogniauxia sp. isolated from heavily decayed hardwood, are precisely described under light microscopic and scanning electron microscopic level. Daldinia concentrica will be the first ultrastructural description in Korea. The unidentified species collected, having small size of ascospores $11.4\;15.6{\times}9.6\;12.0{\mu}m$ with full germ slit, are taxono-mically compared with similar species found in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2020

In this study, we isolated endophytic fungal strains from the rhizoid and the leaf of Mnium heterophyllum and Hypnum plumaeforme, respectively. The isolated strains were identified based on morphological characters and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer, large subunit rDNA, β-tubulin, and RNA polymerase II subunit regions. From the results, we confirmed two endophytic fungal species, Cercophora thailandica, and Biscogniauxia petrensis, which to the best of our knowledge, have not yet been reported in Korea. We further describe the morphological characteristics and the results of the molecular analyses of these isolated fungal strains.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.44 no.1
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2016

Diverse endophytic fungi were isolated from surface-sterilized leaves of three species of conifers inhabiting various sites in Korea: Abies nephrolepis, Pinus koraiensis and Taxus cuspidate. The isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and sequences analysis of both internal transcribed spacer and large subunit regions of rDNA. In this paper, we report on five previously unreported species of endophytic fungi isolated from conifers: Biscogniauxia maritime, Nemania diffusa, Pezicula carpinea, Phomopsis juglandina and Sydowia polyspora.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.87-93
• /
• 2020

A fungal strain designated KNU-WDM2A2 was isolated from mosquitoes in Gimcheon, Korea. The pure culture was transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) and synthetic nutrient agar (SNA) media and attained a diameter of 90 mm after 10 days of incubation at 25℃. The colonies were whitish to light pink and cottony to wooly, with an abundant production of aerial mycelia. The strain produced hyaline to slightly yellowish conidiophores that were rough-walled and branched, with conidiogenous cells arising terminally or laterally. Conidia were unicellular, hyaline to light brown, smooth, and oval or ovoid to clavate, with a size of 4.1-6.9×2.5-3.3 ㎛ (n=65). A phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 28S rDNA of large subunit (LSU) sequences, to support the cultural and morphological characteristics. The KNU-WDM2A2 strain was identified here as Biscogniauxia petrensis, new to Korea.

• Research in Plant Disease
• /
• v.28 no.4
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2022

Charcoal canker of oak, which has recently increased in southern Iran, could pose a serious threat to the entire forest ecosystem in the near future. In addition, it seems that climate change and its consequences, such as drought in the southern regions of Iran, have exacerbated this phenomenon. Consequently, the objective of this study was to identify the fungal pathogens that could cause charcoal canker disease in the oak forests of South Zagros. It was also sought to find associations between changes in the occurrence/exacerbation of charcoal canker disease under non and intense drought stress in non-inoculated or inoculated Quercus brantii seedlings. In total, 120 isolates were obtained from eight oak forests located in the Zagros Mountains of Southern Iran, Kohgiluyeh & Boyer-Ahmad and Fars provinces, which were classified as Biscogniauxia mediterranea based on morphological assessment. Subsequently, molecular assay confirmed the result by phylogenetic inference of internal transcribed spacer-rDNA regions, α-actin, and β-tubulin genes. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that the response of isolates of B. mediterranea (Iran-G1 and Iran-M70) was varied in different environments for the measured necrotic lesion length. In comparison with the control moisture treatments (non-stress), the necrotic lesion length in inoculated treatments increased under intense drought stress. In general, inoculated oak seedlings' exposure to water-deficient stress by the pathogen of B. mediterranea could affect the spread/severity of the charcoal canker disease.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.511-519
• /
• 2023

Red pine (Pinus densiflora) is a dominant tree species in Korean forests. The diversity of endophytic fungi was investigated by isolating fungi from different parts of a red pine tree during the fall and spring seasons. One hundred and fifty-two strains of endophytic fungi were isolated and classified into 42 species belonging to 29 genera. Among these, 74 (49%), 47 (31%) and 31 strains (20%) were isolated from branches, leaves, and stems, respectively. The most frequently isolated species were Daldinia childiae and Biscogniauxia maritima (28.9% and 9.8%, respectively). D. childiae was the dominant endophytic fungus on branches (20 strains) and leaves (19 strains). B. maritima was most frequently isolated from branches. The isolation frequencies on stems of B. maritima (6 strains) and D. childiae (5 strains) were also high. Fifty-seven isolates belonging to 19 species and 17 genera were isolated in the spring, and 95 strains belonging to 35 species and 24 genera were isolated in the fall. D. childiae was the most frequently isolated fungus in both spring and fall (21 and 23 strains, respectively). B. maritima was also frequently isolated in both spring (7 strains) and fall (8 strains).

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2010

Paper composed mainly of organic materials and they can be used as nutrient by microorganisms. Therefore microorganisms are damaging the important documents and works of art irreversibly. Previous research reported that mycelium or spores of the fungi were observed on the wax of the volumes of King Sejong especially were heavily deteriorated by fungi. Fungal strains isolated from the annals of Joseon dynasty were identified as Biscogniauxia atropunctata, Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium polonicum, Ceriporia lacerata, Irpex lacteus. Especially Aspergillus and Penicillium are able to grow on the substrates having a 7-8% moisture content, which is much lower than the general storage condition (RH55-60%) of the paper cultural properties. Moreover, they are known as fungi cause paper deterioration and discoloration. In this study, we selected Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum among five strains, then biological aging has been executed for 30 days. The growth of Aspergillus versicolor and Penicillium polonicum in wax was lower than wax treated paper and Hanji. The growth of them in beeswax treated paper and Hanji both were excellent.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.19-19
• /
• 2003

The Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul is a family of sphaeriaceous genera with obscure but apparently common ancestry (Rogers, 1979), A central core of genera - Xylaria, Hypoxylon, Rosellinia, Poronia, Podosordaria, Hypocopra, Daldinia, Biscogniauxia, Kretzschmaria, Camillea, Penzigia - are obviously related, regardless of the fact that the generic limits are arguable (Rogers, 1979; Barr, 1990; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1991; Laessoe, 1994). In general, the family Xylariaceae is primarily defined as a group of stromatic pyrenomycetes with unitunicate asci characterized by a typical apical apparatus and pigmented ascospores having a germ slit (Rogers, 1979). Since Winter (1887) circumscribed the family to include Pyrenomycetes with predominately a dark stroma, dark unveiled spores containing 5 genera: Nummularia Tul. & C. Tul., Hypoxylon Bull., Ustulina Tul. & C.Tul., Poronia Willd. and XylariaHill ex Schrank, many more genera has been added to the family (Dennis, 1961; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1993; Whalley, 1996). In the absence of a clear circumscription of the family (Rogers, 1994) the agreed number of accepted genera is governed by individual views and there are therefore difference between the proposals for the ascomycetes recognized 35 genera and indicated a further 3 which might belong there. Laessoe reviewed the family and included 37 genera but a few of these were listed as uncertain (Laessoe, 1994). In the most recent accounts Whalley (1996) listed 41 genera but again a number of these were considered uncertain and Ju and Rogers (1996) accepted 39 genera in their interpretation of the family. Since Laessoe (1994) merged Daldinia and Versiomyces with Hypoxylonand Ju and Rogers (1996) combined Astrocystis with Rosellinia and Helicogermslita, which can be argued strongly against, it is likely that a realistic number of genera will be close to 40 (Whalley, 1996; Table 1).

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.43-49
• /
• 2003

The Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul is a family of sphaeriaceous genera with obscure but apparently common ancestry (Rogers, 1979). A central core of genera - Xylaria, Hypoxylon, Rosellinia, Poronia, Podosordaria, Hypocopra, Daldinia, Biscogniauxia, Kretzschmaria, Camillea, Penzigia - are obviously related, regardless of the fact that the generic limits are arguable (Rogers, 1979; Barr, 1990; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1991; Laessoe, 1994). In general, the family Xylariaceae is primarily defined as a group of stromatic pyrenomycetes with unitunicate asci characterized by a typical apical apparatus and pigmented ascospores having a germ slit (Rogers, 1979). Since Winter (1887) circumscribed the family to include Pyrenomycetes with predominately a dark stroma, dark unveiled spores containing 5 geners: Nummularia Tul, & C. Tul., Hypoxylon Bull., ustulina Tul. & C.Tul., Poronia Willd. and XylariaHill ex Schrank, many more genera has been added to the family (Dennis, 1961; Eriksson & Hawksworth, 1993; Whalley, 1996). In the absence of the clear circumscription of the family (Rogers, 1994) the agreed number of accepted genera is governed by individual views and there are therefore difference between the proposals for the ascomycetes recognized 35 genera and indicated a further 3 which might belong there. Laessore reviewed the family and included 37 genera but a few of these were listed as uncertain (Laessoe, 1994). In the most recent accounts Whalley (1996) listed 41 genera but again a number of these were considered uncertain and Ju and Rogers (1996) accepted 39 genera in their interpretation of the family. Since Laessoe (1994) merged Daldinia and Versiomyces with Hypoxylonand Ju and Rogers (1996) combined Astrocystis with Resellinia and Helicogermslita, which can be argued strongly against, it is likely that a realistic number of genera will be close to 40(Whalley, 1996; table 1).