• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.227-234
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• 2010

To see the influence of bird species by the change of temperature in city, we have carried out bird census 22 times for 6 years from 2003 to 2008 in Worldcup Park, Seoul. And we analysed the correlation between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds. 15 orders, 38 families and 102 species were confirmed to have existed. We could find that Hypsipetes amaurotis gradually turned out to have increased with statistical significance for 6 years. To analyze the relationship between the temperature of Seoul and wildbirds, we have chosen 31 bird species observed more than 30% in frequency and proceeded the regression analysis. The survey shows that with the temperature rise the number of the resident birds such as Pica pica, Parus palustris, Anas platyrhynchos and Anas poecilorhyncha and the migratory birds such as Buteo buteo has declined. These 5 species have a possibility to be decreased as a global climate warming and maybe move to another habitat. In contrast, Oriolus chinensis and Falco tinnunculus are characterized into the species that increased due to the rising temperature. So they have a posibility to increase and expand their habitat. This survey shows that temperature rise can cause to change the composition of bird species. And 7 bird species related with the change of temperature have a great possibility as a indicator of the climate change.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2022

This survey was performed to monitor the spread of specific mosquito-borne pathogens at Jeonbuk. The frequency of occurrence of mosquito borne pathogens including Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus, and yellow fever virus was assessed by collecting mosquitoes twice a month from March to December 2021 from various areas in Jeonbuk. A total of 15,975 mosquitoes from 15 species and 7 genera were collected. The highest number of 9,116 mosquitoes (trap index: TI, 506.4) were collected in the Wanju cattle pen, followed by the habitat for migratory birds and the downtown area in Jeonju. In the Gunsan habitat for migratory birds, 3,217 mosquitoes (TI, 178.7) were collected in the reed fields, 356 (TI, 19.7) in the men's toilets, and 1,948 (TI, 108.2) in the women's toilets. In Jeonju, 677 mosquitoes (TI, 37.6) were collected in the Deokjin park, 358 (TI, 19.8) in the Deokjin-gu office, and 303 (TI, 16.8) at the Jeonbuk National University. The largest population of mosquitoes was collected in the men's toilets in Gunsan and the Deokjin Park in downtown Jeonju. The results of the RT-PCR confirmation to determine the pathogen infection of the collected mosquitoes were all negative. These results provide a basis for tackling integrated mosquito-borne diseases in the Jeonbuk region.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2012

To analyze the bird communities by the land use type, we surveyed 43 plots in Siheung City, Korea from Mar. 2009 to Feb. 2010 and classified the community by TWINSPAN and DCA. Classification result by TWINSPAN was classified into 4 communities. In the first division, waterbirds, such as spot-billed duck(Anas poecilorhyncha) and great egret(Egretta alba) operated as the differential species. In the second and third division, little grebe(Tachybaptus ruficollis) and eurasian sparrow(Passer montanus) were operated as the differential species. The relationship between land use types and classified bird communities, all plots of community I were located in the forest. Community II plots were contained all urban and several semi-natural land use types. Community III contains stream and rice paddy. Plots in the reservoir were classified community IV. The stream and rice paddy were classified into different communities, which were colsely related with the size of wetland paddy. Community III had the highest species diversity index and community II had lowest. Community III also had the highest maximum species diversity index and evenness index. The result of this study, small stream and small rice paddy located within the city have insignificant characteristics as the habitat for birds. Management size of semi-natural land use for wildbird habitat in the urban area should be considered for showing their habitat characteristics. If the classification of biotope type based on the scale of rice paddy and urban park and the type of landuse type in the riverside then we should be consider the standard of minium area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2005

This study was conducted to analyze the changing pattern of the bird community after the construction of artificial wetland at Sihwah lake from may 2000 to January 2002. Total seventy seven bird species were recorded at Sihwa artificial wetland area during the survey. Number of the bird species and individuals were increased in second year than first survey year. Especially shorebirds and raptors were more increased than other groups. Long-term and continuous monitoring of bird community would be needed to clarify the reasons of increasing pattern of bird species and individuals in artificial wetlands of Sihwa lake. Until now, this area has been considered as suitable habitat for dabbling ducks than shore birds and has simple habitat environment consisting of open water surface and reed beds. Therefore, we suggest the follows for creation of diverse habitat types: 1) seasonal water-level manipulation 2) management of diverse aquatic plants and 3) creation of diverse land cover; sandy fields, gravelly fields, grasslands, etc.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.179-189
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• 2008

Fauna of Shinpo nuclear powerplant site were surveyed during Feb 27-Mar 4, 2003 as a part of ecological environmental survey. This area is well dominated by coniferous trees (Pinus densiflora) aging 15-50 years. In the shoreline black pine (P. thungergii) is the dominant species and was planted for wind protection. Around Shinpo areas inside 50 km in radius was found 170 bird species (18 orders, 40 families) were recorded. Natural monument in the areas were included white-stork(Cygonia boyciana) estimated 8 species of birds. Although the habitat of Shinpo area is deteriorated due to deforestation, illegal hunting, etc. the fauna seems to be rich in species. Despite the sudden halt of KEDO(Korea Peninsula Energy Development Organization) project the conservation efforts and continuous monitoring are required considering a continuation of the project.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2003

This study was corried out to provide basic data for water analysis biodiversity, Actual vegetation map, flora and fauna on the Sanchon-tideland(Geojaesi), Doma-tideland(Namhaegun) in Kyungsangnamdo from august 2002 to February 2003. This tidelands was very broad and was being reclaimed. Therefore, it was anxious about destroying the habitat of the water birds. Since the water temperature was influenced by the surrounding air, it was highest in summer and lowest in winter. pH value and DO concentration of the water was highest in winter in the Sanchon-tideland and in surmmer in the Doma-tideland. COD concentration was lowest in winter in two tidelands. SS concentration was highest in summer. T-P and T-N concentration were very low but decreased with the seasonal change from summer to winter. Vascular plants of this area consist of 11 varieties, 67 species, 64 genera, 29 families(Sanchon-tideland) and 1 forma, 11varieties, 62 species, 64 genera, 30 families(Doma-tideland). The predominant community of this area, Phragmites communis Community were found on the seashore. The total insect specimens were classified into 120 species, 48 families, 10 orders(Sanchon-tideland) and perdominant species were Gabala argentata(Dominance 18.78%, Diversity index 1.75, Richness index 45.78). And 91 species, 40 families, 8 orders(Doma-tideland) and perdominant species were Sternolophus (Sternolophus) rufipes(Dominance 15.47%, Diversity index 1.47, Richness index 33.66). The total Fishes were classified into 3 species, 2 families, 1 order and Amphibia were 3 species, 2 families, 1 order. And Salicomia herbacea should be worthwhile species to conserve in this area. Because the water birds lived in The Tideland Sanchon and Doma, it was considered that it was necessary to preserve them.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.237-254
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• 2021

Background: Some of the introduced alien species introduced settle, multiply, and spread to become invasive alien species (IAS) that threaten biodiversity. To prevent this, Korea and other countries legally designate and manage alien species that pose a risk to the environment. Moreover, 2160 alien species have been introduced in South Korea, of which 1826 animals and 334 plants are designated. The inflow of IAS can have negative effects such as ecosystem disturbance, habitat destruction, economic damage, and health damage to humans. To prevent damage caused by the inflow of IAS in advance, species that could potentially pose a risk to the environment if introduced in South Korea were designated as alert alien species (AAS). Results: The designation criteria were in accordance with the "Act on the Conservation and Use of Biological Diversity" and the "Regulations on the Ecological Risk Assessment of AAS and IAS" by the National Institute of Ecology. The analysis result of risk and damage cases indicated that mammals affect predation, competition, human economic activity, virus infection, and parasite infection. Birds have been demonstrated to affect predation, competition, human economic activity, and health. It was indicated that plants intrude on the ecosystem by competing with native species with their high-population density and capacity to multiply and cause allergic inducement. Interestingly, 300 species, including 25 mammals, 7 birds, 84 fishes, 28 amphibians, 22 reptiles, 1 insect, 32 spiders, 1 mollusk, 1 arthropod, and 99 plants, are included in the list of AAS. Conclusions: AAS designation plays a role in preventing the reduction of biodiversity by IAS in South Korea and preserving native species. Moreover, it is determined to provide considerable economic benefits by preventing socio-economic losses and ecological damage.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.219-229
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• 2013

This research is performed in order to suggest seasonal effective research time that is applied to wild birds research which lives in a forest. The subject area of this research is Mulgun-ri village forest in Samdong-Myeon, Namhe-gun. To investigate suitability of the project, existing land-use, existing vegetation, vegetational structure, and etc. of the subject and whole area are figured out. To suggest adequate research time, based on seasonal sun rise and set time for 3days, repetitive research is performed at hourly intervals. The subject area is connected with a forest and is possible for forest wild birds to flows in and provides various habitats and feeding areas. And also the subject area is a appropriate area for wild birds research and is like a natural forest in that a layer structure development of the forest itself, a distribution of Zelkova serrata and Aphananthe aspera and so on. 105 species which is observed in subject area are categorized and mountain birds are classified. After time-based peak value is selected in each season, hourly species richness, diversity, and index of similarity are analyzed as compared with the appearing number of species and individual bird. As a result, 7~11 hour is the most effective time in spring, and 8~9 hour is the best time. In summer, 6~9 hour is the most appropriate time when whole appearing species are similar to species structure. In fall, 7~11(30~60 minutes after sun rise) when wild birds movements are vigorous is analyzed easy to observe and 8~9 hour is the most appropriate research time because each analysis shows the best values. In winter, 7~12 hour is the most effective time although 10~11 hour is the best time but it is decided that similar results are drawn because hourly deviation is not so big except 1 hour before sun rise. In every four season, it is decided that 30~60 minutes after sun rise is appropriate to research a group of wild birds in the subject area.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.117-127
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• 2022

The survey of bird community characteristics was carried out four times on 2016 and 2017, respectively May and October to figure out effects of the manmade small ecosystem, Anseong. Twenty five species and 94 individuals were observed in the study area. The dominant species were Passer montanus 19.1%, Pica pica 12.8%, Cyanopica cyana 8.51%, Sinosuthora webbiana and Carduelis sinica ussuriensis respectively 7.45%, the diversity of the species was 2.787. With migration, the highest number and percentage to the lowest was residents 72.0%, summer visitors 20.0% and winter visitors 8.00%. Among 22 species which bred (check or possibility) in the manmade small ecology, Anseong, canopy (C) was 54.5%, hole (H) was 31.8%, bush (B) was 9.09% and ground (G) was 4.55% in their nesting guilds. In foraging guilds in breeding season was canopy (C) was 69.6%, bush (C) was 21.7%, water (W) and ground (G) was respectively 4.35%, and in non-breeding season, canopy was 64.0%, bush 24.0%, ground was 8.00% and water 4.00%. In the study site, the manmade habitats for birds were nest box and wetland (rain garden). In 7 nest box, Parus major was uesd 1 nest box as their breeding on 2016 and 2017, and Passer montanus was used 1 nest box on 2017. We assumed that sustainable rainwater supply may be important to attract many birds in rain garden, the manmade habitat for birds.Unfortunately, however, no birds used rain garden (wetland) as their habitats due to water shortage.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2010

There are only 10,000 Saunders' Gull's (Larus saundersi Swinhoe) surviving in the world today. But they are being threatened by coastal habitat, degradation, development pressure and disturbance by humans. Their first breeding record in Korea was in 1998 and the breeding status has been studied, however, the breeding status is not sufficient for this species. This study was performed from May 1999 to June 2009 to clarify breeding populations and trend of the Saunders' Gull population in Korea. The results indicate that the breeding population has been increasing gradually from 300 to 1,300 individuals, though disturbance increased. As threats to the breeding birds, physical environmental factors such as development and human disturbance were identified as a major threatening factors. Also, as a secondary factor, eggs and chicks are falling pray to predators. Incheon bay breeding places have been created by a landfill projects for the purpose of urban and industrial development, thus, these places will no longer be available for this species. In addition, the breeding habitat has been reduced and changed by expansions of development on the ground. Therefore, well planed management schemes should be provided for the species' breeding population to be continually breed and survive.