• BMB Reports
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2008

BirA ligase is a prokaryotic ortholog of holocarboxylase synthetase (HCS) that can biotinylate proteins. This study tested the hypothesis that BirA ligase catalyzes the biotinylation of eukaryotic histones. If so, this would mean that recombinant BirA ligase is a useful surrogate for HCS in studies of histone biotinylation. The biological activity of recombinant BirA ligase was confirmed by enzymatic biotinylation of p67. In particular, it was found that BirA ligase biotinylated both calf thymus histone H1 and human bulk histone extracts. Incubation of recombinant BirA ligase with H3-based synthetic peptides showed that lysines 4, 9, 18, and 23 in histone H3 are the targets for the biotinylation by BirA ligase. Modification of the peptides (e.g., serine phosphorylation) affected the subsequent biotinylation by BirA ligase, suggesting crosstalk between modifications. In conclusion, this study suggests that prokaryotic BirA ligase is a promiscuous enzyme and biotinylates eukaryotic histones. Moreover the biotinylation of histones by BirA ligase is consistent with the proposed role of human HCS in chromatin.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.39-61
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• 2017

Buffeting induced resonance (BIR) of hangers on long-suspension bridges is briefly reviewed, including mechanism and experimental verification. Taken the Xihoumen suspension bridge as a numerical example, sensitivities of the BIR of hangers to wind properties are investigated, including types of wind spectrum, turbulence intensity, and spacial coherence of wind fluctuations. Numerical simulations indicate that the BIR of hangers occur to both cases of different wind spectra, showing that it is insensitive to types of wind spectrum. On the other hand, it is found that the turbulence intensity affects buffeting of main cables almost in a linear manner, and so it does to the BIR of the hangers; however, the resonance factors, namely the ratio of the response of the hanger to that of the main cable, are little affected by the turbulence intensity. The spacial coherence of the wind fluctuations, although plays an important role on the buffeting responses of the main structure, has no substantial effects on the BIR of the hangers. Finally, replacement of steel strand with CFRP material has been verified as a very effective countermeasure against the BIR of hangers.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.743-751
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• 2007

하드웨어 검증에서 성공적으로 적용되었던 모델 검증 기법을 소프트웨어 검증에 활용하는 연구가 활발하다. 이러한 연구 중의 하나가 바운디드 모델 검증이다. 바운디드 모델 검증에서는 모델이 갖는 상태 공간을 한꺼번에 모두 탐색하기보다는 모델의 탐색 범위를 점진적으로 넓혀가면서 에러를 찾는다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 바운디드 모델 검증을 이용하여 BOGOR의 입력 언어인 BIR를 검증하였다. 그 결과 BOGOR에서 제공되는 명시적 모델 검증 기능 보다 우수한 성능을 보였다. 본 논문에서는 BIR 언어를 CNF 논리식으로 변환하는 방법과 단계적 절차를 기술한다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 페놀계 화합물의 산화-변환 반응매개체로 알려진 버네사이트를 고정화한 알긴산 겔 비드(birnessite entrapped alginate beads, Bir-AB)를 제조하고, 1-naphthol (1-NP)의 제거반응 특성을 회분식 실험을 통하여 조사하였다. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)분석 결과, 버네사이트 입자는 알긴산 겔을 가교로 하여 비드에 고정화됨을 확인하였다. Bir-AB에 의한 1-NP의 제거는 유사일차 속도반응(pseudo-first order kinetic)을 따랐으며, 반응속도상수(k)는 알긴산(AG)에 대한 버네사이트(Bir) 입자의 혼합비(Bir : AG=0.25 : 1~1 : 1 w/w)가 2배 증가할 때마다 약 1.5배씩 증가하였다. Bir-AB에 의한 1-NP 제거는 pH의 영향을 받았으며 pH가 10에서 4로 감소하면서 반응속도 상수(k, $hr^{-1}$)는 0.361에서 0.661로 약 1.8배 증가하였다. 반응상등액에 대한 총유기탄소(TOC) 분석결과 Bir-AB는 버네사이트 분말입자를 사용한 경우에 비교해 상대적으로 높은 용존 유기탄소 제거 효과(74% vs 92%)를 보였으며, 반응 후 분리한 비드에 대한 탈착실험(CH3OH)과 HPLC 크로마토그램 분석 결과로부터 1-NP의 중합체 생성물은 Bir-AB에의 고정화를 통해 수용액으로부터 제거될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 반응상등액에 대한 원자흡광분석(AAS) 분석결과 반응과정에서 용출되는 Mn이온은 Bir-AB에의 재흡착을 통해 제거되었다. Bir-AB는 간단한 여과를 통해 모두 회수가능하며, 2회 재사용에 따른 1-NP의 제거효율을 평가한 결과, 초기에 비교한 큰 반응성의 감소(제거율<20%) 없이 재사용이 가능한 것으로 나타났다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2005

BIRPs (BIR containing Proteins) which contain one to three BIR domains constitute a highly conserved family from yeast to human. BIR domains mediate the interaction of BIRPs with various other proteins. Some of the members acquire a Ring domain which acts as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. The first member of BIRPs identified in the baculovirus was found as an inhibitor of apoptosis and most of the family members in the other species have been recognized to have the same function which bind to and inhibit caspases, thereby suppresses apoptotic cell death. But an increasing number of evidences indicate that BIRPs are involved in various cellular events such as cell division, control of cell cycle, signal transduction, cell migration, innate immunity as well as regulation of apoptosis. In this review, we summarize the structural and functional features of the BIRPs, especially focus on the various functions of BIRPs unrelated to regulation of apoptosis by the recent findings.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2007년도 제38회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1720-1721
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• 2007

This paper presents a Fuzzy+PID control method for a Bridge Inspection Robot(BIR) system. The BIR has been developed with the aim of checking the safety status of a real bridge, gathering accurate data and performing maintenance. The developed robot system is composed of the specially designed car for bridge inspection, the guide rail and the inspection robot. The proposed Fuzzy+PID controllers are used to track speed reference signal of X axis and position reference signal of Z axis. Experimental results verify that the proposed Fuzz+PID control design method can achieve favorable control performance with regard to external disturbance.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 전기 신호 경로로서의 인체 채널에 대해 임펄스 응답 신호를 이용한 분석 결과를 제시한다. 최근, 인체 통신(human body communications)은 착용형 또는 임플란트형 센서 디바이스 간의 통신 방법으로 인체 영역 통신망(wireless body area networks)을 구성하는 효과적인 접근방법으로 제시되고 있다. 인체 통신 시스템 설계에 중요한 지침인 인체 채널 특성 제공을 위해, 자체 제작한 채널 응답측정장치를 사용하고 용량성 커플링(capacitive coupling) 특성에 적합한 실험환경을 구축하여 측정을 수행하고 그 분석한 결과를 제시한다. 측정 신호에 대한 신호처리 과정으로 임펄스 응답을 효과적으로 추출하여, 0 MHz에서 100 MHz 사이의 주파수 분석을 통해 평균 경로 손실 약 46.8 dB를 제시하고 주파수별 경로 손실 특성을 확인할 수 있다. 또한, 본 연구는 인체 통신 시스템의 수신기 신호 대 잡음비(signal-to-noise ratio) 예측을 위한 수신기 필터의 커패시터와 저항값 변화에 따른 전체 측정 주파수와 기저 대역 신호의 검출 성능 결정에 영향을 주는 3 MHz 이하 대역에서의 상대적인 잡음 전력을 제시하였다.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2008

The X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is a member of a novel family of inhibitors of apoptosis and has several BIR domains (BIR1, BIR2, and BIR3) and a carboxy-terminal RING zinc-finger. Since suppressionof apoptosis is fundamentally important for carcinogenesis and tumor growth, we investigated the expression and function of XIAP in DEN-induced carcinogenesis using rat model. Wistar rats were injected intraperitoneally with DEN at a dose of 50 mg/kg in twice a week for 12 weeks (Group II) and 16 weeks (Group III) followed by the recovery periods, respectively. The evaluation of DEN-induced carcinogenesis carried out the blood, RT-PCR, histopathological and western blot analysis. The level of blood chemistry including GOT/GPT, albumin, and total bilirubin were significantly exchanged comparing to control and Group I/Group II. The expression of albumin and collagen mRNA were significantly exchanged (P<0.05) in both groups. In addition, AFP mRNA expression decreased more after recovery periods than Group II. XIAP was expressed constitutively in normal rat liver as well as DEN-induced Groups I and Group II. In addition, XIAP expression increased more in Group I with 4 weeks recovery periods than Group I. However, XIAP expression shown to increase in Group lI, otherwise, it was decreased in Group II with 10 weeks repair periods. Taken together, these results suggest the alteration of XIAP expression could be involved in hepatocellular carcinogenesis.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.543-554
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• 2021

To preventively control fire blight in apple trees and determine policies regarding field monitoring, the Maryblyt ver. 7.1 model (MARYBLYT) was evaluated in the cities of Chungju, Jecheon, and Eumseong in Korea from 2015 to 2020. The number of blossom infection alerts was the highest in 2020 and the lowest in 2017 and 2018. And the common feature of MARYBLYT blossom infection risks during the flowering period was that the time of BIR-High or BIR-Infection alerts was the same regardless of location. The flowering periods of the trees required to operate the model varied according to the year and geographic location. The model predicts the risk of "Infection" during the flowering periods, and recommends the appropriate times to control blossom infection. In 2020, when flower blight was severe, the difference between the expected date of blossom blight symptoms presented by MARYBLYT and the date of actual symptom detection was only 1-3 days, implying that MARYBLYT is highly accurate. As the model was originally developed based on data obtained from the eastern region of the United States, which has a climate similar to that of Korea, this model can be used in Korea. To improve field utilization, however, the entire flowering period of multiple apple varieties needs to be considered when the model is applied. MARYBLYT is believed to be a useful tool for determining when to control and monitor apple cultivation areas that suffer from serious fire blight problems.

• Biodesign
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.92-95
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• 2018

API5 is a unique oncogenic, non-BIR type IAP nuclear protein and is up-regulated in several cancers. It exerts several functions, such as apoptosis inhibition, cell cycle progression, cancer immune escape, and anticancer drug resistance. Although structural studies of API have revealed that API5 mediates protein-protein interactions, its detailed molecular functions remain unknown. Since FGF2 is one of API5's major interacting proteins, structural studies of the API5-FGF2 complex will provide insight into both proteins' molecular function. We overexpressed and purified API5 and FGF2 in Escherichia coli and crystallized the API-FGF2 complex using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 as a precipitant. Diffraction data were collected to a $2.7{\AA}$ resolution using synchrotron X-rays. Preliminary diffraction analysis revealed that the API5-FGF2 complex crystal belongs to the space group $P2_12_12_1$ with the following unit cell parameters: a = 46.862, b = 76.523, $c=208.161{\AA}$. One asymmetric unit with 49.9% solvent contains one API5-FGF2 complex. Molecular replacement calculation, using API5 and FGF2 coordinates, provided a clear electron density map for an API5-FGF2 complex.