• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.664-671
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• 2020

A Smart Building, one that uses automated processes to control its operations, refers in this study to one that uses both Internet of Things (IoT) devices and cloud services software. Cloud service providers (e.g. Amazon, Google, and Microsoft) have recently providedIoT cloud platform application services on IoT devices. According to Postscapes, there are now 152 IoT cloud platforms. Choosing one for a smart building is challenging. We selected Microsoft Azure IoT Hub and Amazon's AWS (Amazon Web Services) IoT. The two platforms were evaluated and selected from a smart building perspective. Each prototype was evaluated on two different IoTplatforms, assuming a typical smart building scenario. The selection was based on information and experience gained from developing the prototype system using the IoT cloud platform. The assessment made in this evaluation may be used to select an IoTcloud platform for smart buildings in the future.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2007

In this paper we have provided an extensive survey of the databases and other resources related to the current research in bioinformatics and the issues that confront the database researcher in helping the biologists. Initially we give an overview of the concepts and principles that are fundamental in understanding the basis of the data that has been captured in these databases. We briefly trace the evolution of biological advances and point out the importance of capturing data about genes, the fundamental building blocks that encode the characteristics of life and proteins that are the essential ingredients for sustaining life. The study of genes and proteins is becoming extremely important and is being known as genomics and proteomics, respectively. Whereas there are numerous databases related to various subfields of biology, we have maintained a focus on genomic and proteomic databases which are the crucial stepping stones for other fields and are expected to play an important role in the future applications of biology and medicine. A detailed listing of these databases with information about their sizes, formats and current status is presented. Related databases like molecular pathways and interconnection network databases are mentioned, but their full coverage would be beyond the scope of a single paper. We comment on the peculiar nature of the data in biology that presents special problems in organizing and accessing these databases. We also discuss the capabilities needed for database development and information management in the bioinformatics arena with particular attention to ontology development. Two research case studies based on our own research are summarized dealing with the development of a new genome database called Mitomap and the creation of a framework for discovery of relationships among genes from the biomedical literature. The paper concludes with an overview of the applications that will be driven from these databases in medicine and healthcare. A glossary of important terms is provided at the end of the paper.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.275-281
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• 2000

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a gastrointestinal hormone which plays an important role in satiety and gastric motility. It is also widely distributed throughout the central nervous system, where it appears to be involved in the central control of anxiety, feeding behavior and nociception. Two distinct CCK receptor types, $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B,$ have been found in the brain. Both CCK receptors coexist in the rat nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), which is the primary center for the coordination of peripheral and central activities related to gastrointestinal, cardiovascular and respiratory functions. In order to study ionic actions of CCK on each type of receptor, we investigated the effects of CCK-8S on neurons located in the NTS of the rat using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brainstem slices. Application of CCK-8S, under current clamp, produced a membrane depolarization accompanied by action potential firing. This CCK-evoked excitation was dose-dependent $(10\;nM{\sim}10\;{\mu}M)$ and observed in more than 60% of NTS neurons. Under voltage clamp conditions, CCK-8S induced an inward current with a notably increased spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity. However, CCK-8S did not significantly change the amplitude of pharmacologically isolated and evoked EPSP(C)s. Using selective $CCK_A$ and $CCK_B$ receptor antagonists, we observed two different effects of CCK-8S, which suggest $CCK_A$ receptor-mediated inhibitory and $CCK_B$ receptor-mediated excitatory effects in the NTS. These results may help to explain the ability of CCK to modulate gastrointestinal and other reflex systems in the NTS.

• Bioinformatics and Biosystems
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2007

생물정보학은 컴퓨터를 이용하여 방대한 양의 생물학적 데이터를 처리하고 그 결과를 분석하는 학문으로서 IT의 고속성장과 맞물려 점차 그 활용도를 넓혀가고 있다. 특히 의학, 생명과학 연구에 사용되는 데이터는 그 종류도 다양하고 크기가 매우 큰 것이 일반적인데, 이의 처리를 위해서는 고속 네트워크가 바탕이 된 그리드-컴퓨팅(Grid-Computing) 기술 접목이 필연적이다. 고속 네트워크 기술의 발전은 슈퍼컴퓨터를 대체해 컴퓨터 풀 내에 분산된 시스템들을 하나로 묶을 수 있는 그리드-컴퓨팅 분야를 선도하고 있다. 최근 생물정보학 분야에서도 이처럼 발전된 고성능 분산 컴퓨팅 기술을 이용하여 데이터의 신속한 처리와 관리의 효율성을 증대시키고 있는 추세이다. 그리드-컴퓨팅 기술은 크게 데이터 가공을 위한 응용 프로그램 개발과 데이터 관리를 위한 데이터베이스 구축으로 구분 지을 수 있다. 전자에 해당하는 생물정보 연구용 프로그램들은 mpiBLAST, ClustalW-MPI와 같은 MSA서열정렬 프로그램들을 꼽을 수 있으며, BioSimGrid, Taverna와 같은 프로젝트는 그리드-데이터베이스 (Grid-Database)기술을 바탕으로 개발되었다. 본 고에서는 미지의 생명현상을 탐구하고 연구하기 위하여 현재까지 개발된 그리드-컴퓨팅 환경과 의생명과학 연구를 위한 응용 프로그램들, 그리고 그리드-데이터베이스 기술 등을 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.258-258
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• 2014

Spark discharge in water generates shockwaves which have been utilized to generate mechanical actuation for potential use in pumping application. Discharge pulses of several microseconds generate shockwaves and vapor bubbles which subsequently displace the water for a period of milliseconds. Through the use of a sealed discharge chamber and metal bellow spring, the fluid motion can be used create an oscillating linear actuator. Continuous actuation of the bellow has been demonstrated through the use of high frequency spark discharge. Discharge in water forms a region of high electric field around the electrode tip which leads to the creation of a thermal plasma channel. This process produces fast thermal expansion, vapor and bubble generation, and a subsequent shockwave in the water which creates physical displacement of the water [1]. Previous work was been conducted to utilize the shockwave effect of spark discharge in water for the inactivation of bacteria, removal of mineral fouling, and the formation of sheet metal [2-4]. Pulses ranging from 25 to 40 kV and 600 to 900 A are generated inside of the chamber and the bellow motion is captured using a slow motion video camera. The maximum displacements measured are from 0.7 to 1.2 mm and show that there is a correlation between discharge energy input to the water and the displacement that is generated. Subsequent oscillations of the bellow are created by the spring force of the bellow and vapor in the chamber. Using microsecond shutter speed ICCD imaging, the development of the discharge bubble and spark can be observed and measured.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

We have witnessed several kinds of new discourses and practices in health and medicine since the 1970s, such as popular concerns with alternative or complementary medicine, inordinate attention to the promotion of 'healthy' living, rapid resurrection of traditional medicine and ecological management of health. Four structural and situational factors are discussed to underlie these new trends：(i) as 'crisis' in health care of the 1970s was translated into health care reform of the 1980s backed up by neo-liberal political philosophy, the state responsibility for nation's health is being transferred to the individual ；(ii) it resulted from the limits of biomedical paradigm in dealing with chronic diseases；(iii) medico-scientific knowledge of disease is transformed into the subjective discourses and technologies of health in postmodern society ； and (iv) it is deeply associated with the considerable increase in environmental risk perception of health and disease. There are some inherent countervailing forces in these new discourses and practices. First, while they derive from lifestyle-oriented behavioral change, medicalization of life and death is still consolidated in the new trends. Second, inasmuch as new tides are reliant upon science, they. are likely to be remote from techne that means not the practical application of theoretical knowing but a special form of practical knowing. Third, as new discourses and activities accomplished＇in the name of health＇increasingly occupy important strategies in forming the self-identity, they serve as moral apparatus which involves prescriptions about how we should live our lives and conduct our bodies, both individually and collectively. Therefore, two points are suggested to consider seriously whether these streams will succeed in improving the‘healthy’living of all the people. Instead of limiting tile perspective to medicine, healing and health care, a new matrix that interweave welfare, ecology and labor along with them is timely needed for enhancing the health for all. In addition, as the World Health Report fm strongly shows, inequality in health heavily depends upon socio-economic development of a society, and it is not the richest countries that have the best health status, but those that have the smallest income differences between rich and poor.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2018

The world is becoming overwhelmed with widespread diseases as antibiotic resistance increases at an alarming rate. Hence, there is a demanding need for the discovery and development of new antimicrobial drugs. The ocean is gifted with many organisms like phytoplankton, algae, sponges, cnidarians, bryozoans, mollusk, tunicates and echinoderms, which are known to produce a wide variety of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmacological properties. Many new therapeutic drugs have emerged from marine invertebrates, although the large algal community is yet to be explored. The bioactivity possessing secondary metabolites of marine algae include polyphenols, phlorotannins, alkaloids, halogenated compounds, sulfated polysaccharides, agar, carrageenan, proteoglycans, alginate, laminaran, rhamnan sulfate, galactosylglycerol, and fucoidan. These metabolites have been found to have great antimicrobial activities against many human aliments. Studies show that the algal community represents about 9% of biomedical compounds obtained from the sea. This review looks at the evolution of drugs from the ocean, with a special emphasis on the antimicrobial activities of marine algae.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.150-157
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• 2002

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a microbial storage polymer with biodegradable properties. In order to improve the cell compatibility of PHBV surfaces, the physicochemical treatments have been demonstrated. In this study, physical method was corona discharge treatment and chemical method was chloric acid mixture solution treatment. The physicochemically treated PHBV film surfaces were characterized by the measurement of water contact angle, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The water contact angle of the physicochemically treated PHBV surfaces decreased from 75 to 30～40 degree, increased hydrophilicity. due to the introduction of oxygen-based functional group onto the PHBV backbone chain. The mouse NIH/3T3 fibroblasts cultured onto the physicochemically treated PHBV film surfaces with different wettability. The effect of the PHBV surface with different wettability was determined by SEM as counts of cell number and [$^3$H]thymidine incorporation as measures of cell proliferation. As the surface wettability increased, the number of the cell adhered and proliferated on the surface was increased. The result seems closely related with the serum protein adsorption on the physicochemically treated PHBV surface. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the surface wettabilily of biodegradable polymer as the PHBV plays an important role for cell adhesion and proliferation behavior for biomedical application.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.942-952
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• 2013

Monoliths are functional porous materials with a three-dimensional continuous interconnected pore structure in a single piece. A monolith with uniform shape based on poly(${\gamma}$-glutamic acid) (PGA) has been prepared via a thermally induced phase separation technique using a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide, water, and ethanol as solvent. The morphology of the obtained monolith was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the surface area of the monolith was evaluated by the Brunauer Emmett Teller method. The effects of fabrication parameters such as the concentration and molecular mass of PGA and the solvent composition have been systematically investigated. The PGA monolith was cross-linked with hexamethylene diisocyanate to produce the water-insoluble monolith. The addition of sodium chloride to the phase separation solvent affected the properties of the cross-linked monolith. The swelling ratio of the cross-linked monolith toward aqueous solutions depended on the buffer pH as well as the monolith fabrication condition. Copper(II) ion was efficiently adsorbed on the cross-linked PGA monolith, and the obtained copper-immobilized monolith showed strong antibacterial activity for Escherichia coli. By combination of the characteristic properties of PGA (e.g., high biocompatibility and biodegradability) and the unique features of monoliths (e.g., through-pore structure, large surface area, and high porosity with small pore size), the PGA monolith possesses large potentials for various industrial applications in the biomedical, environmental, analytical, and separation fields.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.266-272
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• 2016

Transcranial magnetic stimulation devices has been used mainly for diagnostic purposes by measuring the functions of the nervous system rather than for treatment purposes, and has a problem of considerable energy fluctuations per repeated pulse. The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. Control is difficult and the size is large due to the difficulty of digitalizing the energy stored in a capacitor, and there are many heavy devices. In addition, there are many constraints when it is used for a range of purposes such as head and neck diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of nerve palsy, muscle strengthening, treatment of urinary incontinence etc. Output stabilization and minimization of the energy variation rate are required as the level of the transcranial magnetic stimulation device is dramatically improved and the demand for therapeutic purposes increases. This study developed a compact, low cost transcranial magnetic stimulation device with minimal energy variation of a high repeated pulse and output stabilization using a real time capacitor charge discharge voltage. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats by closing off the common carotid artery for 5 minutes, after which the blood was re-perfused. In the cerebrum, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the TMS group compared to the GI group. As a result, TMS showed the greatest effect on necrosis-related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells.