• 시큐리티연구
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• 제7호
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• pp.287-307
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• 2004

Mass killing and injuring by purpose, the countries that is hurrying countermeasure preparation of investigators who enforce that necessity to compare to intimidation of doing creature weapon is common concerns of the several countries including advanced nation such as the United States of America. Development and use of biological weapon have increased too recently to private citizens unlike development of military purpose in country dimension. The latest WHO is preparing proposal of standard stroke model who each department solidifies preparedness for chemical biological and electronic weapon revising report about biological weapon. But in case of korea, confrontation plan that bamboo broom about possibility of attack to the common people and attack comparing actual state in case of attained nothing but is readying remedy about biological warfare partially in military dimension was not readied. The purpose of this article is a study on threat of bio-weapons and the countermeasure.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.442-454
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• 2017

생물테러에 사용되는 생물무기는 세균과 바이러스, 리켓치아, 곰팡이 등을 가공하여 만들어지며, 화학작용제, 방사능작용제와 함께 대량살상무기(Weapons of Mass Destruction, WMD)로 분류되어진다. 생물무기는 다른 대량살상무기들에 비하여 개발과 생산의 용이성, 저렴한 비용, 은닉살포가 가능하다는 운용상 이점들이 존재한다. 본 논문은 생물무기 개발이 이루어진 역사와 현존하는 생물학적 위협에 대해 분석하고, 생물작용제의 물리적 특성과 인체내 감염기작을 기초로 생물무기 공격으로 인한 사회적 영향을 예측하였다. 스벨드롭스크 탄저균유출사고, 아랄스크 두창발생, 2001년 탄저테러 등 생물무기관련 역사적 사례들에서 사고 인지형태, 작용제 오염확산범위와 피해자의 질병특성을 분석한 결과, 생물테러는 공격 즉시 인지가 어렵고, 광범위한 확산이 가능하여 대규모 노출자를 발생시키며, 호흡기관련 중증질환을 일으켜 보건 의료기관에 막대한 부담을 일으킬 것이라는 사실을 발견하였다. 이를 토대로 생물테러에 효과적으로 대응하기 위해서 요구되는 보건대응역량을 제시하였다. 효과적인 증후군감시체계 및 관련질병 보고체계를 운영하여 신속히 이상징후를 파악해야하며, 실험실진단체계를 통해 병원체의 확진을 실시하여야한다. 또한 보건기관은 역학조사 시 수사기관과의 공조를 통해 잠재적노출자를 명확히 규명하여야 하며, 마지막으로 인적 물적 자원을 효율적으로 운용하여 집단예방조치가 효과적으로 이루어지도록 되어야할 것이다. 이러한 보건대응역량을 지속적으로 강화한다면 생물테러위협에 성공적으로 대응할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2008

This study attempted to develop the technology by gaseous ozone for decontaminating building affected by a model of biological weapon agent(Bacillus subtilis spores) instead of Bacillus anthracis spore. The use of ozone is attractive method from a practical point of view of decontamination procedure since it has strong oxidation power but no residue after application. We examined the disinfection efficiency of gaseous ozone to Bacillus subtilis spores which suspension was sprayed on different material surfaces and dried. Three different types of gaseous ozone was applied : dry ozone, dry ozone with humidified air, and water bubbled wet ozone. Dry ozone(1500ppm) failed to achieve any significant inactivation for 2hrs. However, six log reduction of B. subtilis spore was achieved within 30min by 1500ppm of water bubbled wet ozone. This result shows the noticeable inactivation efficiency by gaseous ozone compared with previous studies. Good performance by wet ozone was also found for military material surface.(i.e. : gas mask hood, protective garments, army peinted metal surface).

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.400-405
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• 2015

북한의 화생방무기 운용체계는 세계적으로 상당한 수준에 도달해 있다. 이에 미국은 화생방 공격에 대비하여 다양한 형태의 대피소를 확보하고 있으며 재난특성을 고려해 등급별로 구분하여 운용하고 있는 실정이나, 한국은 재난특성에 대한 고려 없이 무분별하게 대피소를 지정해 효과적인 방호능력을 기대하기 어려운 실정이다. 이에 본 연구는 기존에 사용되는 시설물 현황에 대하여 살펴보고 화생방 대피시설로의 전환이 용이한 시설물을 선별하기 위해 시설별 특성을 파악하였으며 연구를 통해 얻은 결과 및 제안사항을 제시하고 있다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.19-40
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• 2002

For front, aspect of terror may have to prepare indeed even chemical terror or rocket and small size missile and radioactivity terror because is predicted to become various. Furthermore, when see motion of every countries about nuclear engineerses' bringing round and illicit sale of plutonium, our country may have to prepare in terrorism which is expected thus. So that can finish international event successfully because the United States of America supports great manpower and budget since New York's World Trade Center terror and when see that is considering terror prevention countermeasure, we operate temporarily bursting tube state complete charge team such as terror by each field specialist such as a concern interested including special CBR complete charge moving team among 2002 World Cups soccer game period ahead of international event, must consider safety countermeasure. Specially, biology weapon of chemical weapon and cholera etc. 13 kinds of 5000ton that North Korea plans CBR terror society confusion that North Korea that to terror support nation as well as nuclear weapons development suspicion is defending South Korea communization strategy as real condition that is amplified as well as is saving production brand gets imprinted uses CBR terror at normal times, when see that is planing powerlessness communization unity using CBR weapon at time of war, must operate until bias 2002 World Cups international event finishes cooperation safety countermeasure utensil safely under closer talk between the South Korea ${\cdot}$ Japan ${\cdot}$ North Korea. As for us which must serve 2002 World Cup successfully to accomplish perfectly preparedness of CBR terror firstly, all inhabitants knows well CBR protection trick, and secondly, CBR existing formation that solidify realignment CBR complete charge moving team which of course is consisted of CBR specialist compose and keeping immediate going out attitude operating, by third, that expand CBR individual protection equipment and CBR evacuation equipment and establish individual and group protection attitude naturally, supplement as there is main room that actualize CBR pollution patient's slogan countermeasure by fourth, and develop standard model for CBR terror provision by fifthBecause constructing infra of CBR safety establishing CBR preparedness that utilize it, must minimize damage and contribute inhabitants' life and property protection.

• 한국국방경영분석학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.26-44
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• 2003

This study Is to forecast the damage of smallpox as a biological weapon and to measure the effect of potential responses (quarantine, vaccination and cure) to the spread of smallpox infection when a smallpox bioterrorism attack occurs. We designed the smallpox spreading simulation model through the literature study on a basis of some existing infectious disease models such as SIR, SEIR model by using Vensim program. In order to evaluate the performance of responses to smallpox, we measure the total infection population, infection sustaining duration, average infection rate and the infection spreading behavior of the smallpox. This study can help those who are related to the bioterrorism forecast the present and possible demage, and take more effective actions for minimizing the damage by smallpox bioterrorism.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2005

In recent years, there is growing concern about the potential use of biological agents in war or acts of terrorism accompanied an increased realization that rapid preparedness and response are needed to prevent or treat the human damage that can be caused by these agents. The threat is indeed serious, and the potential for devastating numbers of casualties is high. The use of agents as weapons, even on a small scale, has the potential for huge social and economic disruption and massive diversion of regional and national resources to combat the threat, to treat primary disease, and to clean up environmental contamination. Biological weapons are one of weapons of mass destruction (or mass casualty weapons, to be precise. since they do not damage non-living entities) that are based on bacteria, viruses, rickettsia, fungi or toxins produced by these organisms. Biological weapons are known to be easy and cheap to produce and can be used to selectively target humans, animals, or plants. Theses agents can cause large numbers of casualties with minimal logistical requirements (in wide area). The spread of disease cannot be controlled until there is awareness of the signs of infection followed by identification of agents; and if the organism is easily spread from person to person, as in the case of smallpox, the number of casualties could run into the tens of thousands. Biological weapons could be used covertly, there can be a lot of different deployment scenarios. A lot of different agents could be used in biological weapons. And, there are a lot of different techniques to manufacture biological weapons. Terrorist acts that make use of Biological Agents differ in a number of ways from those involving chemicals. The distinction between terrorist and military use of Biological Weapon is increasingly problematic. The stealthy qualities of biological weapons further complicate the distinction between terrorism and war. In reality, all biological attacks are likely to require an integrated response involving both military and civilian communities. The basic considerations when public health agencies establish national defence plan against bioterrorism must be 1) arraying various laws and regulations to meet the realistic needs, 2)education for public health personnels and support of concerned academic society, 3)information collection and cooperative project with other countries, 4)Detection and surveillance(Early detection is essential for ensuring a prompt response to biological or chemical attack, including the provision of prophylactic medicines, chemical antidotes, or vaccines) and 5) Response(A comprehensive public health response to a biological or chemical terrorist event involves epidemiologic investigation, medical treatment and prophylaxis for affacted persons, and the initiation of disease prevention or environmental decontamination measures). The purpose of this paper is providing basic material of preparedness and response for biological terrorism in modern society.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.10-27
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• 2009

The fear briefly became reality in the U.S. after 9/11, as man-made anthrax spores were found in letters and in east coast post offices on a number of occasions. Anthrax attacks must be related to the terrorist attacks of September 11. These two accidents changed the situation completely. Characteristics are summarized as belows. First, it is necessary for all countries to create each own appropriate countermeasures against bioterrorism. In addition, it is urgent to consider countermeasures focusing on bioterror characteristics that terrorists may use biological agents because they can be extremely difficult to detect and do not cause illness for several hours to several days. Otherwise, those attacks will also show the panic and very real danger posed by the release of such toxins on an unsuspecting public. Second, it is crucial to manage the result thoroughly. A biological weapon is useful to a terrorist group mainly as a method of creating mass panic and disruption to a society. Because it is not easy to predict and collect information about how terrorists utilize pathogenic microbe as well as terror measures in their activities, more realistic approach should be taken to reduce damage. Third, to expand investment in research and development is necessary. Considering advances in microbiology and genetic engineering lately, it is likely that new pathogenic microbe would be created by the enemy. For that matter, it is imperative that medical countermeasures should be devised.

• 공업화학
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.352-366
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• 2022

Nuclear power plant operations for electricity generation, rare-earth mining, nuclear medical research, and nuclear weapons reprocessing considerably increase radioactive waste, necessitating massive efforts to eradicate radioactive waste from aquatic environments. Cobalt (⁵⁸Co) and strontium (⁹⁰Sr) radioactive elements have been extensively employed in energy generation, nuclear weapon testing, and the manufacture of healthcare products. The erroneous discharge of these elements as pollutants into the aquatic system, radiation emissions, and long-term disposal is extremely detrimental to humans and aquatic biota. Numerous methods for treating radioactive waste-contaminated water have emerged, among which the adsorption process has been promoted for its efficacy in eliminating radioactive waste from aquatic habitats. The current review discusses the adsorptive removal of radioactive waste from aqueous solutions using low-cost adsorbents, such as graphene oxide, metal-organic frameworks, and inorganic metal oxides, as well as their composites. The chemical modification of adsorbents to increase their removal efficiency is also discussed. Finally, the current state of ⁵⁸Co and ⁹⁰Sr removal performances is summarized and the efficiencies of various adsorbents are compared.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2020

Survivability in a battle field is the most important aspect to the warriors. To analyze the survival effectiveness of warrior platform, the simulation via war-game model is an essential step in advance to the development of platform. In this study, Army Weapon effectiveness Analysis Model(AWAM) was utilized for analysis. Several weapon parameters were adjusted to apply the characteristics of warrior platform in some cases of the defense and survival system. Especially, adjusted triage possibility, probability of kill, fatality and accuracy were employed as parameters in the simulation program to evaluate the survival effectiveness of intelligent system based on the previous researches. In the future battle field or virtual space in the AWAM, the warrior platform intelligent system could react emergency treatment on time by expoiting the bio-information of man at arms. Considering the order of supply priority, special force was selected as operating troops and battle scenario without engagement was selected to measure accurate survival effectiveness. In conclusion, the survivability of defence and survival system of the warrior platform was about 1.47 times higher than that of current system.