• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1237-1242
• /
• 2012

The use of biological-activated carbon (BAC) processes in water treatment involves biofiltration, which maximizes the bacteria's capabilities to remove organic matter. In this study, the distribution of the bacterial community was assessed in response to different types of BAC processes applied downstream in the Nakdong River. The bacterial biomass and activity were $1.20{\sim}34.0{\times}10^7$ CFU/g and 0.61~1.10 mg-C/$m^3{\cdot}hr$ in coal-based BAC, respectively. The attachment of the bacterial biomass and the removal efficiency of the organic carbon were greatest with the coal-based activated carbon. The bacteria attached to each activated carbon material were detected in the order of Pseudomonas genus, Chryseomonas genus, Flavobacterium genus, Alcaligenes genus, Acinetobacter genus, and Spingomona genus. Pseudomonas cepacia was the dominant species in the coal-based materials, and Chryseomonas luteola was the dominant species in the wood-based material.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
• /
• 2002.10a
• /
• pp.365-368
• /
• 2002

In spite of considerable advances in water quality control measures within lake, many basic questions concerning an eutrophication still remains unanswered and it becomes obvious that an extensive limnological database is needed for the inter-comparison between bodies of water and for the assessment of the status of lake water quality. In order to diagnose the water environment and assess the changes of the water quality, Wangkung irrigation reservoir was investigated by a long-term monitoring program for the physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters. In addition, these data was used to determine the design elements of natural purification facilities.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.45 no.3
• /
• pp.289-301
• /
• 2012

A biological assessment of water quality was made at 9 sites of the Joyang-river and inflow streams located in Jeongseon-gun Gangwon-do, from June 2008 to September 2010. The investigation consisted of physico-chemical factors, biomass, and standing crops of epilithic diatoms. In addition, the community structure of epilithic diatoms was analyzed, and the water quality was assessed using DAIpo and TDI. The pH varied from 7.4~10.2 which is attributed to the Joyang-river area consisting of limestone. A total of 117 taxonomic groups of epilithic diatoms, including: 2 orders, 6 families, 23 genera, 95 species, 15 varieties, 2 forms, and 5 unidentified species, were found in the Joyang-river. 11 taxa, including Achnanthes laterostrata and Cymbella delicatula which live in neutral to alkali pH, were found. An indicator species of alkali waters, Cymbella delicatula, was routinely observed to have a relative frequency of over 10% in I3 and I4. In the result of the biological assessment using DAIpo, the Joyang-river was rated class A, with an average of 77.03 and inflow streams were rated class B with an average of 65.84. As for the results of TDI analysis, the Joyangriver was rated class A~B, and inflow streams were rated class A~D. Accordingly, the water quality of the Joyang-river was determined to be superior to that of inflow streams. Although the main stream showed low water quality at sites J2 and J3, correlating with a reduction in the quality of inflow stream, I1 in September 2009.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.69-75
• /
• 1997

Biological drinking water treatment is widely used in Europe for the removal of ammonia nitrogen and organics. During the last 16 years, the deterioration of the quality of surface waters used to produce drinking water has resulted in the widespread use of ozone-biological treatment in Korea. This study were conducted to determine the effect of media weight and preozonation on the biodegradability enhancement in biological fluidized bed(BFB) using Han river water. When the carbon weight was increased, $NH_{3}-N$ and DOC removal increased, but turbidity and SS removal decreased. To remove turbidity and SS, the bed depth in 40% expansion rate/total bed depth was very important. Preozonation of raw water was not effective in $NH_{3}-N$, but increased in biodegradable organic fraction about 10-30% with 0.425-0.85 mg $O_{3}/mg$ DOC.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.65-70
• /
• 1998

An integrated EIA tool was developed to analyze present and future environmental quality status of Youngwol Basin using ArcView and FEMWASP. All the input data and computational results were prepared and graphically displayed on the basis of ArcView. FEMWASP and ArcView were integrated using the command "system.execute" in script of Avenue. Modeling items were inserted in the GUI of ArcView. The modeling result showed that the water quality of the proposed Yougwol Lake would be at the stage of eutrophication. The developed system can be applied to the water quality management of drinking water resources to set up the regulatory acts and project plan of governmental policy.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 1998

Nature-friendly river project has became common practice in Japan. In order to make it available for the conservation and rehabilitation of desirable water environment, water criteria for water environmental assessment must be established. Especially, the criteria estimating the effects on ecosystem in and around river should be constructed. In this paper, classification method for water quality has been developed using biological indices and applied to observed data in Honmyo River, Nagasaki, Japan. Modified PI method (BI') has been suggested and those of three most abundant species resulted effective estimate for an overall water quality with comparatively simple procedure. Extensive database management code was prepared for the comprehensive ecological monitoring of river basin, which includes various biota. That system enables easy access of all the ecological data for a dissemination of a sound and sustainable water environment. The result of this study could improve knowledge base, serve making consensus for citizens, and help river management plans. In Japan, citizen's realization and action are the most critical factor for nature-friendly river restoration project.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.195-203
• /
• 2012

In this study, The effects of three different biological activated carbon (BAC) materials (each coal, coconut and wood based activated carbons) and anthracite, empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the removal of MK, HHCB and AHTN in BAC filters were investigated. Experiments were conducted at three water temperatures (5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$) and four EBCTs (5, 10, 15 and 20 min). The results indicated that coal based BAC retained more attached bacterial biomass on the surface of the activated carbon than the other BAC, increasing EBCT or increasing water temperature increased the synthetic musk compounds (SMCs) removal in BAC columns. The kinetic analysis suggested a first-order reaction model for MK, HHCB and AHTN removal at various water temperatures (5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$). The pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants and half-lives were also calculated for MK, HHCB and AHTN removal at 5, 15 and $25^{\circ}C$. The pseudo-first-order biodegradation rate constants and half-lives of MK, HHCB and AHTN ranging from 0.0082 $min^{-1}$ to 0.4452 $min^{-1}$ and from 1.56 min to 84.51 min could be used to assist water utilities in designing and operating BAC filters for SMCs removal.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2012.05a
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 2012

Drainage water in lowland paddy fields is quantitatively influenced recycle and/or repeated irrigation by irrigation facilities, i.e. pumps, check gates, small reservoirs and so on. In those drainage channels, nutrients accumulation and increasing organic matters are considered to be occurred, and water quality would be degraded not only environmental aspect but irrigation purpose. In general, Total Nitrogen (T-N) is interested water quality index in irrigation water, because high nitrogen concentration sometimes caused decreasing rice production by excess growth and fallen or degrading quality of taste, then, farmers would like to clear water less than 1mg/L of T-N concentration. In drainage channel, it is known that the nitrogen concentration change is influenced by physical, chemical and biological properties, i.e, stream or river bed condition, water temperature, other water quality index, and plant cover condition. In this study, discharge data (velocity and level) in a drainage channel was monitored by an Acoustic Doppler system and water quality was sampled at same time in 2011. So those data was analyzed by multi regression model to realize hydrological and environmental factors to influence with nitrogen concentration. The results showed the difference tendency between irrigation and non-irrigation period, and those influenced factors would be considered in water quality model developing in future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
• /
• v.36 no.11
• /
• pp.739-746
• /
• 2014

In this study, The effects of empty bed contact time (EBCT) and water temperature on the biodegradation of 8 UV filters in biological activated carbon (BAC) process were investigated. Experiments were conducted at two water temperatures (7 and $18^{\circ}C$) and three EBCTs (5, 10 and 15 min). Increasing EBCT and water temperature increased the biodegradation efficiency of UV filters in BAC column. EHMC and BZC were the highest biodegradation efficiency, but BP and 4-MBC were the lowest. The kinetic analysis suggested a first-order reaction model for biodegradation of 8 UV filters at various water temperatures and EBCTs. The first-order biodegradation rate constants ($k_{bio}$) of 8 UV filters ranging from $0.2730{\sim}0.6365min^{-1}$ at $7^{\circ}C$ to $0.4824{\sim}0.8743min^{-1}$ at $18^{\circ}C$. By increasing the water temperature from $7^{\circ}C$ to $18^{\circ}C$, the biodegradation rate constants ($k_{bio}$) were increased 1.5~2.1 times.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.349-356
• /
• 2018

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of goat grazing on the surface water quality of the alpine grasslands. Seven sites were selected across the goat farm for water sample collection and analysis. Samples were analyzed for BOD (Biological oxygen demand), total nitrogen, total phosphorous, electrical conductivity and water turbidity. All the above-mentioned parameters remained below the standard limit of Korean government at the end site. Puddles showed higher values, but below standard, as stagnant water has lower physico-chemical properties as of flowing water. The present study clearly showed that goat grazing doesn't affect water quality in grasslands if grazing is according to carrying capacity of grassland and fertilizer application is judicious.