• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 1991

In order to investigate interactions of autoxidizing lipids with protein, enzyme and peroxidizing linoleate were reacted in freeze-dried and emulsion systems at various level of water activities. Peroxide value, TBA value of oxidized linoleate increased during incubation Solubilities and the activities of enzymes decreased as water activity increased.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.66
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• pp.165-170
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• 2023

Isolation of the culture broth of a marine-derived Acremonium sp. CNQ-049 guided by HPLC-UV yielded compound 1 (3-phenethyl-2-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one), and its inhibitory activities against monoamine oxidases (MAOs), cholinesterases (ChEs), and β-secretase 1 (BACE1) were evaluated. Compound 1 was an effective selective MAO-B inhibitor with an IC₅₀ value of 9.39 µM and a selectivity index (SI) value of 4.26 versus MAO-A. In addition, compound 1 showed a potent selective butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition with an IC₅₀ value of 7.99 µM and an SI value of 5.01 versus acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, compound 1 showed weak inhibitions against MAO-A, AChE, and BACE1. The Ki value of compound 1 for MAO-B was 5.22±1.73 µM with competitive inhibition, and the Ki value of compound 1 for BChE was 3.00±1.81 µM with mixed-type inhibition. Inhibitions of MAO-B and BChE by compound 1 were recovered by dialysis experiments. These results suggest that compound 1 is a dual-functional reversible inhibitor of MAO-B and BChE, that can be used as a treatment agent for neurological disorders.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 1995

Behavioral models are used very widely to investigate or illuminate aspects of human psychopathology. However, the extent to which it is possible to extrapolate from animals to people, and, therefore, the value of information derived from a behavioral model, will depend to a large extent on the validity of the models. This article outlines some behavioral models of depression and anxiety.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2007

While searching for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitors, the active compound was found in a methanol extract of Burthus martensi Kirsch. The separation of the active compound was performed using various chromatography methods and the physico-chemical properties of the purified compound were characterized. The compound showed very potent inhibitory activity against ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ with an $IC_{50}$ value of $5.3\;{\mu}g/ml$. Lineweaver-Burk plot indicated that its inhibition of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ was competitive.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.203-209
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• 2019

The inhibition of aldose reductase (AR) by the extracts from sixteen noxious and exotic plants was examined. Among them, Aster pilosus showed the highest inhibition of AR ($IC_{50}$ value $0.11{\mu}g/mL$). This study showed that A. pilosus with promising AR-inhibitory activities can be utilized for the development of natural therapies for treating and managing diabetic complications.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.578-582
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• 1998

Grape seed oil was characterized to assess the usefulness in the food industry. Among the various oils, the initial antioxidant activity was the highest for grape seed oil. Heating the oil at $180^{\sim}C$ for 20 min retained 86% of the initial activity. Grape seed and sesame oils showed a low peroxide value, about 2, implying a less oxidative reaction. The oxidation of grape seed oil was increased to a less extent by heat-treatment than other oils. Light exposure for 1 month resulted in a slight decrease in the antioxidant activity of grape seed oil, maintaining 96% of the initial activity. Other oils were all light-susceptible and the activities decreased significantly. The peroxide values of all the oils increased by light exposure, but the extent of oxidation was still the least for grape seed oil. The addition of grape seed oil to perilla oil was very effective, in that the peroxide value was 5-times decreased by 1 : 5 composition of grape seed oil versus perilla oil. These results indicate that grape seed oil can be used as a good cooking oil or an additive for other oils.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2012

Coastal sand dune systems are particularly fragile and threaten the environment. However, these systems provide fundamental ecosystem services to the nearby urban areas, acting, for example, as protective buffers against erosion. In this paper, we attempt to classify the biotope types of coastal sand dune ecosystems and select an index for the assessment of the conservation value. The types of biotopes are categorized based on the vegetation map; floras are examined in order to research the effects of hinterlands on coastal sand dunes. In addition, a naturalization rate and an urbanization index for each biotope type in hinterlands are analyzed. In the ecosystem of coastal sand dunes, the urbanization index and naturalization rate shows a higher value in sand dunes with areas of road, residential, and idle land in farm villages, rice fields, and fields. On the contrary, a lower value in the urbanization index and naturalization rate is present when typical biotope types, such as sand dune vegetation and natural Pinus thunbergii forests, are widely distributed. Based on these results, urbanization index and naturalization rate should be used as critical indices for the assessment of the ecosystem of costal sand dunes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.355-361
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• 2015

Background: Deletion types of genetic variants of glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 and T1, the GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null which are risk factors for certain cancers, have been ubiquitously found in human populations but their worldwide distribution pattern is unclear. Materials and Methods: To perform a meta-analysis, a systematic search for the literature on GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was done to identify 63 reports for 81 human populations. Relationships between the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype frequencies and the absolute latitude of 81 populations were tested by Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. Results: A significant positive correlation was detected between the GSTM1 null genotype frequency and the absolute latitude (r=0.28, p-value <0.05), whereas the GSTT1 null genotype frequency and absolute latitude showed a significant negative correlation (r= -0.41 p-value <0.01). There was no correlation between the frequencies of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype in each population (r= -0.029, p-value=0.80). Conclusions: Latitudinal clines of the distribution of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes may be attributed to the result of gene-environmental adaptation. No functional compensation between GSTM1 and GSTT1 was suggested by the lack of correlation between the null frequencies for GSTM1 and GSTT1.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2002

Backgrounds and objective : EEG reflect dynamic changes of continuous neuronal activities by internal and external stimuli. The aim of this study is to quantify nonlinearly the local dynamic differences among EEG data corresponding to different states of brain. Methods : EEG was recorded from twelve healthy normal subjects(mean age, 29.7 years; 8 men and 4 women) using digital EEG machine. 18-channel EEG data were selected during eyes closed(EC), eyes open(EO), and mental arithmetic(MA) in each subject. Correlation dimension(D2) and largest Lyapunov exponent(LLE) were calculated from three states and average value was mapped 2 dimensionally and compared with each other. Results : The distribution of D2 was relatively symmetric and its value was higher in frontal than in parieto-occipital region during EC. These findings were reversed during EO. Bilateral centro-temporo-parietal region showed high D2 value in MA compared with those in EC, which was more prominent in left side. LLE was larger than zero in all state and showed significant differences among EC, EO and MA(p=0.000). Conclusion : These results suggest that nonlinear analysis of EEG can quantify dynamic state of brain.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.101-104
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• 1977

Lipase from Geotrichum candidum was heat inactivated in 0.1M phosphate buffer solution. The thermal inactivation followed first order kinetics for the range of temperatures $50^{\circ}-80^{\circ}C$ except at $50^{\circ}C$. The changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs free energy at $60^{\circ}C$ were 120.4 kJ/mol, 73.0 J/mol K and 96.9 kJ/mol respectively a value of $19^{\circ}C$(Geotrichum candidum lipase) is greater than that of lipases from milk and pancreas. The effect of detergents, lecithin and linoleic acid or the thermal inactivation of lipase was found to be negligible.