• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.131-136
• /
• 2011

For the establishment of seed production technique of warm water abalone species Haliotis sieboldii, development of the fertilized eggs and its biological minimum temperature were determined. The durations of each development stages at the six rearing temperature regimes were expressed as an exponential equation: 4 celled stage 1/h = 0.1346T - 2.1709(r² = 0.88) Morula stage 1/h = 0.0176T - 0.2184 (r² = 0.89) Trochophore 1/h = 0.0063T - 0.0512 (r² = 0.98) Veliger 1/h = 0.0045T - 0.0295 (r² = 0.99) 2nd c.t. 1/h = 0.0008T - 0.0047 (r² = 0.99) According to the equation, the biological minimum temperature for Haliotis sieboldii was estimated to be 9.7 ℃.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.203-214
• /
• 2021

This study aimed at establishing a packaging standardization method that allows the maintenance of biological control agents product quality during delivery. First, based on the results of distribution status analysis of biological control agent products from four manufacturers, we confirmed that the mean temperature was maintained at 25.6℃ (minimum and maximum temperatures.: 18.1 and 30.7℃, respectively) inside the packaging box of each company for 36-48 h. To establish the optimal packaging method for each season, seven external temperature conditions were set ranging between 0℃ and 30℃ at intervals of 5℃. In addition, we evaluated internal temperature maintenance performance for each coolant pack handling method and determined 14 packaging combinations. A packaging combination that maintained a temperature of 3℃ - 9.9℃ at each external temperature conditions was considered efficient. This temperature range is close to a lower developmental threshold at which the biological control agents can survive with minimum energy for 12 h (direct delivery time), or 36-48 h (general delivery time) after packaging.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.630-636
• /
• 2014

To investigate the characteristics of hybrid eggs and larva produced by olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus females and starry flounder Platichthys stellatus males, we examined the developmental speed of hybrid eggs at different water temperatures. The developmental speed of hybrid eggs tended to increase with increasing water temperature. Specifically, the hatching times were 91 hrs, 62 hrs and 43 hrs at $10^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, respectively. The mean biological minimum temperature of the hybrid was $1.3^{\circ}C$, which is in between that of the olive flounder and the starry flounder. In high water temperatureseasons, slower growth was observed in hybrids of the starry flounder which is a coldwater fish.

• Development and Reproduction
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2012

The ovarian cycle, the biological minimum size, and artificial spawning frequency by artificial spawning induction of the female hard clam, Meretrix petechialis, were investigated by histological observations and morphometric data. The ovarian cycle of this species can be classified into five successive stages: early active stage, late active stage, ripe stage, partially spawned stage, and spent/inactive stage. The spawning period was from June to September, and the main spawning occurred between July and August when the seawater temperature exceeds over $20^{\circ}C$. The biological minimum size (shell length at 50% of first sexual maturity) in females were 40.39 mm in shell length (considered to be two years of age), and all clams over 50.1 mm in shell length sexually matured. In this study, the mean number of the spawned eggs by spawning induction increased with the increase of size (shell length) classes. In case of artificial spawning induction for the clams > 40.39 mm, the number of spawned eggs from the clams of a sized class was gradually decreased with the increase of the number of the spawning frequencies (the first, second, and third spawning). In the experiments of artificial spawning induction during the spawning season, the interval of each spawning of this species was estimated to be 15-18 days (approximately 17 days).

• Journal of Aquaculture
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.39-42
• /
• 2002

Water temperature, at which Spisula sachdinensis egg successfully completed development ranges from 10 to $25^{\circ}C$. Within this range, the development duration is reduced with increasing temperature. The relationships between temperature (WT, $^{\circ}C$) and the required time (t: hour) from egg to each developmental stage are described as follows: 2-cell : 1/t = 0.0554 WT -0.3769; 8-cell : 1/t = 0.0210 WT -0.1142; Morula : 1/t = 0.0125WT -0.0712; Trochophore : 1/t = 0.0039 WT -0.0203; D-shaped larva : 1/t = 0.0024W T -0.0108. Biological minimum temperature for the egg development is 5.5$^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.94-96
• /
• 1989

Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd:YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as Br.), and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased.To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2014

The research was carried out in order to find climate factors which determine the distribution of Neolitsea sericea, and the potential habitats (PHs) under the current climate and three climate change scenario by using species distribution models (SDMs). Four climate factors; the minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC), the warmth index (WI), summer precipitation (PRS), and winter precipition (PRW) : were used as independent variables for the model. Three general circulation models under A1B emission scenarios were used as future climate scenarios for the 2050s (2040~2069) and 2080s (2070~2099). Highly accurate SDMs were obtained for N. sericea. The model of distribution for N. sericea constructed by SDMs showed that minimum temperature of the coldest month (TMC) is a major climate factor in determining the distribution of N. sericea. The area above the $-4.4^{\circ}C$ of TMC revealed high occurrence probability of the N. sericea. Future PHs for N. sericea were projected to increase respectively by 4 times, 6.4 times of current PHs under 2050s and 2080s. It is expected that the potential of N. sericea habitats is expanded gradually. N. sericea is applicable as indicator species for monitoring in the Korean Peninsula. N. sericea is necessary to be monitored of potential habitats.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 1995

Explosive evaporative removal process of biological tissue by absorption of a CW laser has been simulated by using gelatin and a multimode Nd: YAG laser. Because the point of maximun temperature of laser-irradiated gelatin exists below the surface due to surface cooling, evaporation at the boiling temperature is made explosively from below the surface. The important parameters of this process are the conduction loss to laser power absorption (defined as the conduction-to-laser power parameter, Nk), the convection heat transfer at the surface to conduction loss (defined as Bi), dimensionless extinction coefficient (defined as BrJ, and dimensionless irradiation time (defined as Fo). Dependence of Fo on Nk and Bi has been observed by experiment, and the results have been compared with the numerical results obtained by solving a 2-dimensional conduction equation. Fo and explosion depth (from the surface to the point of maximun temperature) are increased when Nk and Bi are increased. To find out the minimum laser power for explosive evaporative removal process, steady state analysis has been also made. The limit of Nk to induce evaporative removal, which is proportional to the inverse of the laser power, has been obtained.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.292-303
• /
• 2022

Background: Climate change significantly influences the geographical distribution of plant species worldwide. Selecting indicator species allows for better-informed and more effective ecosystem management in response to climate change. The Korean Peninsula is the northernmost distribution zone of warm temperate evergreen broad-leaved (WTEB) species in Northeast Asia. Considering the ecological value of these species, we evaluated the current distribution range and future suitable habitat for 13 WTEB tree species designated as climate-sensitive biological indicator species. Results: Up-to-date and accurate WTEB species distribution maps were constructed using herbarium specimens and citizen science data from the Korea Biodiversity Observation Network. Current northern limits for several species have shifted to higher latitudes compared to previous records. For example, the northern latitude limit for Stauntonia hexaphylla is higher (37° 02' N, Deokjeokdo archipelago) than that reported previously (36° 13' N). The minimum temperature of the coldest month (Bio6) is the major factor influencing species distribution. Under future climate change scenarios, suitable habitats are predicted to expand toward higher latitudes inland and along the western coastal areas. Conclusions: Our results support the suitability of WTEB trees as significant biological indicators of species' responses to warming. The findings also suggest the need for consistent monitoring of species distribution shifts. This study provides an important baseline dataset for future monitoring and management of indicator species' responses to changing climate conditions in South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.352-362
• /
• 2022

Photosynthesis and respiration of seagrasses are mainly controlled by water temperature. In this study, the photosynthetic physiology and respiratory changes of the Asian surfgrass Phyllospadix japonicus, which is mainly distributed on the eastern and southern coasts of Korea, were investigated in response to changing water temperature (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃) by conducting mesocosm experiments. Photosynthetic parameters (maximum photosynthetic rate, P_max; compensation irradiance, I_c; and saturation irradiance, I_k) and respiration rate of surfgrass increased with rising water temperature, whereas photosynthetic efficiency (α) was fairly constant among the water temperature conditions. The P_max and I_k dramatically decreased under the highest water temperature condition (30℃), whereas the I_c and respiration rate increased continuously with the increasing water temperature. Ratios of maximum photosynthetic rates to respiration rates (P_max : R) were highest at 5℃ and declined markedly at higher temperatures with the lowest ratio at 30℃. The minimum requirement of H_sat (the daily period of irradiance-saturated photosynthesis) of P. japonicus was 2.5 hours at 5℃ and 10.6 hours at 30℃ for the positive carbon balance. Because longer H_sat was required for the positive carbon balance of P. japonicus under the increased water temperature, the rising water temperature should have negatively affected the growth, distribution, and survival of P. japonicus on the coast of Korea. Since the temperature in the temperate coastal waters is rising gradually due to global warming, the results of this study could provide insights into surfgrass responses to future severe sea warming and light attenuation.