• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.1588-1595
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• 2006

In this paper, we proposed a liver extracting procedure for computer aided liver diagnosis system. Extraction of liver region in an abdominal CT image is difficult due to interferences of other organs. For this reason, liver region is extracted in a region of interest(ROI). ROI is selected by the window which can measure the distribution of Hounsfield Unit(HU) value of liver region in an abdominal CT image. The distribution is measured by an existential probability of HU value of lever region in the window. If the probability of any window is over 50%, the center point of the window would be assigned to ROI. Actually, liver region is not clearly discerned from the adjacent organs like muscle, spleen, and pancreas in an abdominal CT image. Liver region is extracted by the watershed segmentation algorithm which is effective in this situation. Because it is very sensitive to the slight valiance of contrast, it generally produces over segmentation regions. Therefore these regions are required to merge into the significant regions for optimal segmentation. Finally, a liver region can be selected and extracted by prier information based on anatomic information.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.203-213
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 곤충 종의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적이고 수평적인 관찰특성에 따라 자유롭게 곤충 종을 관찰함으로써 관찰 곤충 검색엔진에서의 사용자 만족도 제고와 보다 효율적인 관찰학습의 방법을 제안한다. 자연생태 환경에서 초보 학습자의 효율적인 관찰검색과 효과적 학습을 위해서는 생물학적 분류체계가 아닌 곤충 종의 외관구조 즉, 외부 신체구조의 모양과 특성 중심의 곤충관찰 기반의 검색(Insect Search by Observation based on Insect Appearance: ISOIA)이 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 곤충의 외관구조인 머리, 몸통, 날개, 다리에 대한 관찰자의 일반적인 관찰방법에 따른ISOIA 검색방식을 제안하고, 기존의 ISBC와 ISOBC 검색체계에 대한 사용 만족도를 비교 분석하여 본 논문에서 제안하는 ISOIA 검색 방안이 우수함을 보이고자 한다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1933-1940
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• 1997

본 논문은 4개의 생체에서 계측된 생체신호를 처리할 수 있는 기능을 가진 시스템을 CMOS 기술을 사용하여 단일칩화하여 포토다이오드와 LED의 적외선을 전송매체로 하여 외부 관측시스템으로 미소 생체신호를 송수신하는 광전송시스템을 개발하였다. 개발된 시스템은 전원전압에 대한 의존성을 감소시키고, 연속된 4 생체 4 채널 텔레미터를 구현하기 위해 적외선 통신이 가능한 강제 동기식 방법을 제안하였다. $5.1{\times}5.1mm^2$ 크기의 신호처리용 IC는 외부 명령신호 수신, 내부 블럭 초기화, 생체 선택신호 해독, 생체신호 시분할 다중화, 외부 시스템에 데이터 전송 및 자동 전원차단 등의 기능이 있다. 또한 본 논문에서 개발된 생체신호처리용 IC 검증을 위해 외부관측시스템을 상용 IC를 사용해 조립후 심전도를 송신해 외부관측시스템에서 수신하는 광전송시스템을 구현하였다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.170-179
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• 2021

Hulunbuir steppe, one of the four largest steppes in China, has experienced rapidly progressing desertification partly due to overgrazing by livestock. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of various vegetation recovery methods, including the selection of unpalatable plants less affected by grazing livestock. To determine livestock grazing preferences at Hulunbuir restoration sites, we used DNA barcoding methods to analyze fecal materials of horses and cattle grazing on four restored plants: two trees (Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica and Populus canadensis) and two shrubs (Caragana microphylla and Corethrodendron fruticosum). Neither of the two tree species were detected in livestock feces, whereas both shrub species were detected at lo w frequencies. There were no significant differences in compositions of species consumed by horses and cattle except that Asteraceae species were more often consumed by cattle. Our results showed that the four plants used for restoration may be classified as unpalatable or less palatable species in the Hulunbuir restoration area. Our results may help inform restoration strategies implemented in restoration areas, especially regarding negative effects of livestock grazing during the initial stage of restoration in Hulunbuir.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.255-264
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• 2016

The plethora of genome sequence information of bacteria in recent times has ushered in many novel strategies for antibacterial drug discovery and facilitated medical science to take up the challenge of the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to current antibiotics. In this study, we adopted subtractive genomics approach to analyze the whole genome sequence of the Fusobacterium nucleatum, a human oral pathogen having association with colorectal cancer. Our study divulged 1,499 proteins of F. nucleatum, which have no homolog's in human genome. These proteins were subjected to screening further by using the Database of Essential Genes (DEG) that resulted in the identification of 32 vitally important proteins for the bacterium. Subsequent analysis of the identified pivotal proteins, using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Automated Annotation Server (KAAS) resulted in sorting 3 key enzymes of F. nucleatum that may be good candidates as potential drug targets, since they are unique for the bacterium and absent in humans. In addition, we have demonstrated the three dimensional structure of these three proteins. Finally, determination of ligand binding sites of the 2 key proteins as well as screening for functional inhibitors that best fitted with the ligands sites were conducted to discover effective novel therapeutic compounds against F. nucleatum.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.373-393
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• 2015

Background: Cellulose is a ubiquitous, renewable and environmentally friendly biopolymer, which has high promise to fulfil the rising demand for sustainable and biocompatible materials. Particularly, the recent progress in the synthesis of highly crystalline cellulose-based nanoscale biomaterials, namely cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), draws significant attention from many research communities, ranging from bioresource engineering, to materials science and engineering, to biological and biomedical engineering to bionanotechnology. The feasibility of harnessing CNCs' unique biophysicochemical properties has inspired their basic and applied research, offering much promise for new biomaterials with diverse advanced functionalities. Purpose: This review focuses on vital issues and topics on the recent advances in CNC-based biomaterials with potential, in particular, for bionanotechnology and biological and biomedical engineering. The challenges and limitations of CNC technology are discussed as well as potential strategies to overcome them, providing an essential source of information in the exploration of possible and futuristic applications of the CNC-based functional "green" nanomaterials. Conclusion: CNCs offer exciting possibilities for advanced "green" nanomaterials, driving innovative research and development in a wide range of fields, including biological and biomedical engineering.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1599-1605
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• 2015

The development of rapid and efficient genome sequencing methods has enabled us to study the evolutionary background of bacterial genetic information. Here, we present comparative genomic analysis of 17 Streptomyces species, for which the genome has been completely sequenced, using the pan-genome approach. The analysis revealed that 34,592 ortholog clusters constituted the pan-genome of these Streptomyces species, including 2,018 in the core genome, 11,743 in the dispensable genome, and 20,831 in the unique genome. The core genome was converged to a smaller number of genes than reported previously, with 3,096 gene families. Functional enrichment analysis showed that genes involved in transcription were most abundant in the Streptomyces pan-genome. Finally, we investigated core genes for the sigma factors, mycothiol biosynthesis pathway, and secondary metabolism pathways; our data showed that many genes involved in stress response and morphological differentiation were commonly expressed in Streptomyces species. Elucidation of the core genome offers a basis for understanding the functional evolution of Streptomyces species and provides insights into target selection for the construction of industrial strains.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.353-365
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• 2016

Objectives : We analysed Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibility principle and investigated biological activities by categorizing with molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level based on Korean study for this formula. Methods : Gyejibongnyeong-hwan's compatibiltity principle was examined by the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy. We looked into studies that presented in Korea from 1956 to 2016 about Gyejibongnyeong-hwan through Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Korean medicine information system (OASIS). Then classify into molecular level, cellular level, animal level and human level to analyse. Results : According to the system of chief, deputy, assistant, and envoy, chief herb is Cinnamomi Ramulus, deputy herb is Persicae Semen, assistant herb is Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix, Poria, and envoy herb is Mel. Biological activities can be detected in transcription factors, enzymes, and inflammatory mediators for molecular level. For cellular level, it can be determined in human uterine endometrial cancer cell, human hepatocarcinoma cell, and human platelets. In mouse and rats for animal level, in overian cystoma, menorrhalgia, quality of life improvement in postmenopausal women, and blood stasis with motor vehicle accident for human level, biological activities was caught. Conclusions : From above results, Gyejibongnyeong-hwan is composed in line with the system of chief, deputy, assistan, and envoy. Biological activities are effective to improvement of menorrhalgia, anti-cancer, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, improvement of atherosclerosis, analgesic, anti-convulsion, wound healing, and improvement of liver function.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.8-23
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• 2011

유기농 재배에서 이용되고 있는 잡초방제 기술 및 연구 동향을 검토하고 앞으로 방향을 제시하기 위하여 화학적 방제를 배제하고 기계적 방제, 경종적 방제, 생물적 방제를 포함한 종합방제 기술에 대한 문헌을 정리하고 분석하여 유기농업에서의 새로운 잡초 관리방안을 전망하고자 하였다. 물리적 방법은 기계적 방법, 열, 광선, 전기충격, 압축공기, 로봇잡초방제기술, 그리고 경종적 방법은 멀칭, 경운, 윤작, 피복식물, 경합을 이용한 방법이 포함된다. 생물적 방제는 미생물제초제, 대량증식 생물제제, 광역 생물제제, 상호대립억제물질 등이 개발되거나 또는 이용되고 있다. 유기농재배에서 성공적인 잡초방제를 위하여 물리적 방법과 경종적 방법은 제초제 사용이 제한된 조건에서 가장 중요한 잡초방제 수단이므로 기계적, 경종적 방법을 근간으로 하고 생물적 방법이 조화롭게 보완되는 종합잡초관리방법이 요구된다. 그리고 유기농 재배에서 수익을 창출하고 적합한 장기적 잡초관리 방안을 도출하기 위하여 잡초관리 결정에 도움이 되는 모델의 개발도 필요하다.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.199-211
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• 2021

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), produced by the endometrial cups of the placenta after the first trimester, is a specific glycoprotein that displays dual luteinizing hormone (LH)-like and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like effects in non-equid species. However, in equidaes, eCG exhibits only LH-like activity. To identify the specific biological functions of glycosylated sites in eCG, we constructed the following site mutants of N- and O-linked glycosylation: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of α-subunit⁵⁶ N-linked glycosylation site; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation sites at the β-subunit, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. We produced recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) proteins in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We examined the biological activity of rec-eCG proteins in CHO-K1 cells expressing the eLH/CG receptor and found that signal transduction activities of deglycosylated mutants remarkably decreased. The EC₅₀ levels of eCGβ/αΔ56, eCGβ-D/α, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56 mutants decreased by 2.1-, 5.6-, and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of wild-type eCG. The Rmax values of the mutants were 56%-80% those of wild-type eCG (141.9 nmol/10⁴ cells). Our results indicate that the biological activity of eCG is greatly affected by the removal of N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in cells expressing eLH/CGR. These results provide important information on rec-eCG in the regulation of specific glycosylation sites and improve our understanding of the specific biological activity of rec-eCG glycosylation sites in equidaes.