• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2010

유기성 폐기물의 혐기성발효공정에 의한 바이오가스 연구가 다양한 목적으로 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 혐기성공정 또는 매립지에서 생성되는 바이오가스의 주요 조성은 메탄, 이산화탄소와 미량의 황화수소와 암모니아로 구성되며, 생산지에서 불순물을 정화시킨 후 바로 사용하거나 혹은 파이프라인을 통해 천연가스처럼 사용할 수 있다. 생산된 바이오가스는 열과 스팀생산, 전기생산, 자동차용 연료 및 화학물질 생산 등에 사용되어질 수 있다. 바이오가스는 사용 용도에 따라 여러 나라들의 관련 규정들이 정비되고 있지만 아직까지 국제적으로 공인된 표준 규격은 없다. 본 논문에서는 세계 각국의 바이오가스 용도별 품질특성을 살펴보았다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.174.1-174.1
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• 2011

Biogas production and utilisation is an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy services such as heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded, that is, mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content, up to more than 95% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Biogas fuelled vehicles can reduce $CO_2$ emission by between 75% and 200% compared with fossil fuels. Biomethane development is largely driven by national initiative and predominately by concerns for national air pollution and waste management. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuels by some companies are ongoing and Korea government also announced investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel in Korea. In this study, we investigated quality characteristics, quality standard and upgrading technology to use vehicle fuel of transport sector in Korea.

• 신재생에너지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2011

Biogas production and utilization are an emerging alternative energy technology. Biogas is produced from the biological breakdown of organic matter through anaerobic digestion. Biogas can be utilized for various energy sectors such as space heating, electricity generation and vehicle fuel. Especially, to be utilized as vehicle fuel, raw biogas needs to be upgraded that is mainly the removal of carbon dioxide to increase the methane content up to more than 95 ~ 97 vol% in some cases, similar to the composition of fossil-based natural gas. Usage of Biogas as a fuel of vehicles have an effect of reducing $CO_2$ emission compared to fossil fuels. Biomethane which is produced by upgrading of biogas is regarded as a good alternative energy and usage of clean energy is encouraged to deal with air pollution and waste management as well as production of clean energy. Recently, biogas projects for vehicle fuel are newly being launched and Korea government have also announced a plan for investment to develop biogas as a transport fuel. In this study, it is aimed to examine the potential feasibility of biomethane as a transport fuel. As a results, the status of biomethane, quality standard, quality characteristics, and upgrading technology of biogas were investigated to evaluate of biogas as a vehicle fuel of transportation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.864-873
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• 2013

In developing countries, biogas energy production is seen as a technology that can provide clean energy in poor regions and reduce pollution caused by animal manure. Laboratories in these countries have little access to advanced gas measuring equipment, which may limit research aimed at improving local adapted biogas production. They may also be unable to produce valid estimates of an international standard that can be used for articles published in international peer-reviewed science journals. This study tested and validated methods for measuring total biogas and methane ($CH_4$) production using batch fermentation and for characterizing the biomass. The biochemical methane potential (BMP) ($CH_4$ NL $kg^{-1}$ VS) of pig manure, cow manure and cellulose determined with the Moller and VDI methods was not significantly different in this test (p>0.05). The biodegradability using a ratio of BMP and theoretical BMP (TBMP) was slightly higher using the Hansen method, but differences were not significant. Degradation rate assessed by methane formation rate showed wide variation within the batch method tested. The first-order kinetics constant k for the cumulative methane production curve was highest when two animal manures were fermented using the VDI 4630 method, indicating that this method was able to reach steady conditions in a shorter time, reducing fermentation duration. In precision tests, the repeatability of the relative standard deviation (RSDr) for all batch methods was very low (4.8 to 8.1%), while the reproducibility of the relative standard deviation (RSDR) varied widely, from 7.3 to 19.8%. In determination of biomethane concentration, the values obtained using the liquid replacement method (LRM) were comparable to those obtained using gas chromatography (GC). This indicates that the LRM method could be used to determine biomethane concentration in biogas in laboratories with limited access to GC.

• 청정기술
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.406-414
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• 2014

바이오가스 내 주요성분은 메탄 45~75%, 이산화탄소 30~50% 그리고 황화수소 0.3% 및 수증기가 함유하고 있다. 바이오가스로부터 이산화탄소와 황화수소를 제거하기 위해 흡수공정과 분리막공정을 이용한 메탄가스 자원화연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 바이오가스성분으로 조제한 조제가스를 이용하여 폴리설폰으로 제조한 분리막을 이용하여 메탄을 95% 까지 분리정제하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 분리막에 의하여 이산화탄소와 메탄의 분리를 위해 공급원료와 혼합가스의 투입압력의 효과를 연구하였고 0.3% 황화수소를 처리하기 위한 방법으로 킬레이트화합물을 사용하였다.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.70-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this study evaluates a feasibility and economical efficiency of new renewable energy. According as weather change is serious problem now days, every people make attention to the reduction of greenhouse gas. The revitalization of new renewable energy creates the variety of energy source, stability of energy supply and reduction of greenhouse gas. In this study evaluates a feasibility and economical efficiency from new renewable energy of various photo voltaics, wind power, small hydro and biogas. Feasibility does in standard of technical characteristic, politic support, marketability, establishment present condition and development aim. Economical efficiency does in standard of developmental unit cost, utilization factor, equipment life, politic support cost, interest ratio. The results of this study were as follows photo voltaics, wind, small hydropower, biogas in order feasibility is high. Developmental unit cost, utilization factor, equipment life, politic support cost and analyzed the relationship of interest ratio fluctuation and economical efficiency. From all new renewable energy the utilization factor most is important in economical efficiency but necessary utilization factor is difficult because environmental problem.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 고농도 유기성 폐기물인 음폐수와 돈분뇨를 혐기성 소화조(KH-ABC)에서 병합처리하여 대체 에너지원인 바이오가스를 생산하는 바이오가스 Pilot Plant의 성능을 검증하고 평가하였다. 그리고, 혐기성 소화 공정의 독성물질에 대한 저해 여부 가능성 및 소화액의 액비 활용 가능성에 대하여 살펴보았다. 원료 투입량, 수리학적 체류시간, 원료 배합비율(음폐수와 돈분뇨의 혼합비율) 등 운전조건의 변화에 따른 유기물(VS) 분해율, 바이오가스 생산량 및 메탄농도 등을 분석한 결과 원료의 유기물부하가 증가($1.2{\sim}2.0kg-VS/m^3{\cdot}d$)함에 따라 투입 유기물 당 바이오가스 생산량은 $0.60{\sim}0.69m^3/kg-VS_{input}$로 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 특히 원료투입량 $6m^3$/일, 원료배합비율 음폐수:돈분뇨=4:6, 수리학적 체류시간(HRT) 25일의 조건에서 유기물 분해율 70%, 바이오가스 생산량 $220m^3$/일, 메탄농도 64%로 비교적 높은 성능을 나타냈다. 그리고, 소화액을 분석한 결과 혐기성 소화공정에 저해 작용을 유발하는 양이온 및 중금속 등의 독성물질은 기준농도 이하로 존재하였으며, 소화액(원료배합비율 음폐수:돈분뇨=3:7)은 액비 활용기준인 비료공정규격을 만족하였다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2002

Concerns for energy conservation, environmental pollution, and the fact that organic wastes account for a major portion of our waste materials, have created the interest of biogas, which usually contains about 60 to 70 percent methane, 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide, and other gases, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other noxious gases. Cyclone combustors are used for homing a wide range of fuels such as low calorific value gas, waste water, sludge. coal, etc. The 3-dimensional swirling flow, combustion and emission in a tangential inlet cyclone incinerator under different inlet conditions are simulated using a standard k-s turbulence model and ESCRS (Extended Simple Chemically-Reacting System) model. The commercial code Phoenics Ver.3.4 was used for the present work. The main parameters considered in this work are inlet velocity and air to fuel ratio. The results showed that the change of operating conditions had an influence on the shape and size of recirculation zones, mixture fraction and axial velocity which are important factors for combustion efficiency and emission behavior. The application of this kind of computer program seams to be promising as a potential tool for the optimum design of a cyclone combustor with low emission.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.597-603
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• 1999

Even though the development of livestock industry in Asia and Australasia has brought the economic growth and thus elevated the living standard in these areas, it has also brought the pollution caused by the increasing amount of animal wastes. Among them, Japan probably is the first country that suffered from the animal waste pollution as early as in 1970s. Nowadays, the animal waste pollution has been a common problem for almost every countries in this region. To solve it, different measures and regulations have been implemented in many countries. In this paper, different methods for animal waste disposal are discussed, including: manure-bed animal housing, composting, anaerobic treatment, odor control, utilization of biogas, aerobic treatment, three-step process, N and P removal, land application, cultivation of algae, anaerobic treatment of dead animals. It is hoped that an animal industry without pollution can be achieved in the future.

• 에너지공학
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.18-35
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• 2019

한국지역난방공사에서 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리 설비로 부터 발생하는 $45,300m^3$/일의 바이오가스를 연료로 1,500 kW, 2대 규모의 엔진 발전기를 운영하고 있다. 그러나 바이오가스 발전 플랜트의 실제 운영 경험이 미미하고, 축적된 기술 및 노하우 부족으로 가스엔진의 잦은 고장과 정지로 많은 경제적 손실이 발생하고 있다. 따라서 이 발전 플랜트의 안정적인 운영을 위한 기술적 근본 대책 마련이 필요한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 난지 물재생센터의 하수처리장에서 발생하는 바이오가스를 이용한 가스엔진 플랜트의 일련의 공정상의 문제점을 확인하고, 각 단계별 문제점을 최소화 하여 실제 운전의 최적화 방안을 마련하였다. 먼저 고장 정지의 주요 원인인 발생가스의 정제를 위해 현재 사용 중인 활성탄에 대한 성분분석 및 흡착실험을 통해 활성탄의 흡착능력 품질 기준 마련을 위한 여건을 조성하였다. 또한, 불순물을 최소화하기 위한 활성탄의 교체주기의 기준수립, 황화수소 측정주기 강화, 활성탄 국산화, 설비개선 등 바이오플랜트 운영기준 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여 실제운전에 적용하였다. 그 결과 가스엔진 1호기는 530%, 2호기는 250%의 정상운전 가동시간이 증가되는 운영실적을 보였다. 또한 통풍구의 설비개선을 통해 작업공정을 줄이고, 정상 운전시간과 가동률을 높일 수 있었다. 경제적으로도 77,000천원/년의 매출증대 효과를 나타냈다, 이와 같이 운영기준의 강화 및 개선방안을 적용하여, 바이오가스 플랜트의 고장 정지를 줄이고 가동률을 높여, 안정적인 운영을 하는 것이 현실적인 바이오가스 플랜트의 최적 운영방안으로 판단된다.