• 신재생에너지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

Landfill gas (LFG) generation characteristics in a construction waste landfill zone (block E) and mixed landfill zone (block A) were analyzed. During the period from October 2018 to April 2022, a total of 936×10³ and 1,001×10³ tons of waste were disposed in block E and block A, respectively. Out of this, 27.1% and 55.6% were biodegradable waste in block E and block A, respectively. The landfill masses of the two blocks were converted to be comparable. Then, the biodegradable waste and organic carbon were estimated by element analysis, biodegradable carbon by biochemical methane potential experiment (DC), and sulfate ion by acid decomposition. Results showed that biodegradable waste, organic carbon, biodegradable carbon, and sulfate ions in block A were 2.1, 1.6, 5.2, and 0.4 times greater than those in block E, respectively. The amount of LFG generated by block A was 4.8 times greater than that by block E. The average concentrations of methane (CH₄) were 60.8% and 60.9% in block E and block A, respectively, which were unrelated to the nature of disposed waste. The average concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) were significantly high in block E (4,489 ppm) and block A (8,478 ppm). As the DC/SO₄^2- of block E and block A were 0.35 and 4.56, respectively, increase in DC/SO₄^2- caused increase in not only the total amount but also the concentration of H₂S generated.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

폐기물 매립지에 바이오리액터 매립공법을 적용하는 것이 폐기물의 생물학적 압축 촉진에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 실내침하실험을 수행하고, 그 결과 구한 2차 압축지수(C_α)를 국외연구결과와 비교하였다. 실내침하실험의 2차 압축지수들을 분석한 결과 침출수에 음폐수를 혼합하여 재순환하는 방법은 음폐수 내 유기물질이 추가적인 생물학적 압축을 유발하며 침출수 재순환과 위생매립공법보다 폐기물 침하를 각 2배, 2.81배 가속화할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 사용한 폐기물의 2차 압축지수는 국외연구 폐기물의 2차 압축지수보다 작았는데 그 이유는 음식물 쓰레기를 감소시키기 위한 국내 폐기물 정책에 따라 폐기물 내 유기물 함량이 감소하였기 때문이다. 생분해성 폐기물 함량과 2차 압축지수의 관계를 분석한 결과 폐기물의 2차 압축지수는 생분해성 폐기물 함량에 민감하며 생분해성 폐기물 함량이 증가할수록 커지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 음식물쓰레기의 자원화방안으로 메탄발효를 고려하여 메탄발효과정에서 음식물쓰레기와 생분해성 음식물쓰레기 전용봉투가 투입되었을 때 실제적으로 생분해성 플라스틱이 분해가 잘 이루어지며 생분해성 플라스틱이 미생물의 활성이나 분해반응에 영향이 있는지를 연구하였다. 30%생분해성 플라스틱의 경우, 미생물에 의한 무게감량에서 중온은 최대6%, 고온은 최대 10%밖에 분해가 되지 않았다. 신장율은 중옹이 약 150%, 고온이 약 120%까지 감소하였으며, 인장강도에서는 중온이 약 $180kgf/cm^2$, 고온이 $200kgf/cm^2$ 정도 감소하였다. 대체로 온도가 높고 미생물의 활성이 좋은 고온 혐기성 소화에서 중온보다 많은 무게감소를 보였으며 HDPE계열보다는 LLDPE계열의 플라스틱이 무게감량과는 상관없이 신장율과 인장강도에서 많은 감소를 보였다. 100%생분해성 플라스틱의 경우 미생물에 의한 무게감량에서 중온은 최대 8%, 고온은 최대 33%정도 감소가 있었다. 신장율은 중온이 약 230%, 고온이 약440%까지 감소하였으며, 인장강도에서는 중온이 약 $380kgf/cm^2$, 고온이 $400kgf/cm^2$ 정도 감소하였다. 이러한 결과 30%생분해성 플라스틱은 음식물쓰레기전용봉투로의 사용이 부적합하며 100% 생분해성 플라스틱의 경우 음식물쓰레기 전용봉투로 사용이 가능하나 제품이 고가이기 때문에 경제적 부담을 줄일 수 있는 방법이 요구된다.

• Advances in environmental research
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2013

The paper aims to characterise the waste generated in municipality of Varanasi, the most populated city in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India. MSW is a heterogeneous waste and composition of the waste varied from season to season. The generation, collection and management of waste have become a major environmental problem in most of the developing cities. MSW was collected from open dumping grounds for 2 consecutive years. Each year was classified into 3 seasons of 4 months. On analysis it was found that the biodegradable fraction is always more than other fractions with a minimum of 48.25% in rainy season. With such a high fraction of biodegradable wastes, options such as composting and biomethanation could be tried to convert waste into energy. The average weight of waste generation at present is 0.460 kg per capita per day. The study showed that waste generation and collection were increasing every year, which may be attributed to increase in population.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.338-347
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• 2021

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) are a family of microbial polyesters that are used as biodegradable plastics in replacement of conventional plastics for various applications. However, the high production cost is the barrier for PHA market expansion. This study aimed to utilize food waste as low-cost feedstock to produce poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) by Haloferax mediterranei. The effects of acetate (Ac), propionate (Pr), butyrate (Bu), and the short-chain carboxylates derived from food waste were examined on the microbial growth and PHBV production. Results showed that a mixture of carboxylates provided a 55% higher PHBV yield than glucose. The food-waste-derived nutrients achieved the yields of 0.41 to 0.54 g PHBV/g Ac from initial loadings of 450 mg/l to 1,800 mg/l Ac of total carboxylates. And the consumption of individual carboxylate varied between different compositions of the carbon source. The present study demonstrates the potential of using food waste as feedstock to produce PHBV by Haloferax mediterranei, which can provide economic benefits to the current PHA industry. Meanwhile, it will also help promote organic waste reduction in landfills and waste management in general.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2009

과열 증기를 이용하여 생활 폐기물내 유기성 성분의 분해를 수행하고 폐기물의 특성 및 반응 시간이 폐기물의 분해율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보았다. 과열 증기를 이용한 분해 후 음식 및 폐지와 같은 생분해성 유기 성분은 쉽게 분해되었고 생분해성 유기 성분중 나무와 석유계 유기성 성분인 플라스틱, 금속과 같은 무기성 성분이 분해되지 않은 상태로 남아 쉽게 분리가 가능한 상태를 형성하였다. 입자의 크기 변화를 살펴본 결과 폐기물 내 생분해성 유기 성분이 적을수록 짧은 반응 시간에도 높은 입자 크기 감소를 보였으며 반응 시간이 60분 이상에서 최대 90% 이상의 입도 감소를 나타내었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.390-393
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• 2004

Oxygen uptake rate (OUR) was used as an indicator of microbial activity. In this study OUR at dyeing wastewater in the pilot plant was monitored to examine biological activity. Correlation between inlet COD concentration and maximum OUR showed that maximum OUR was proportional to inlet COD concentration. Changes in the OUR values reflected the changing waste load in the reactor. Consequently, OUR can be used to estimate biological activity of inlet COD concentration. This study showed that biodegradable COD at dyeing wastewater could be calculated from OUR and yield coefficient. Non-biodegradable COD was able to be calculated from a difference between initial COD concentration and biodegradable COD.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.584-590
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• 2023

In this study, we focus on the recycling of cardboard waste and sugarcane bagasse (SCB) for the preparation of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and its conversion into a biodegradable film. Sodium alginate (SA) was added to form a biodegradable composite film. SA was used to increase film permeability. Glycerol, which is a plasticizer, was used to increase the tensile strength (TS) and film expansion. To characterize the CMC, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used. The addition of olive oil to the CMC-SA matrix highlighted its antimicrobial property against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). A slight decrease in tensile strength was observed with the addition of olive oil (OO), which improved the functional properties of the control films as well as lowered moisture content and water solubility. But considering all other factors, the composite films obtained from sugarcane bagasse and cardboard waste incorporated with olive oil are suitable for applications in the field of food packaging.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제27권
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

In this study, waste natural fibers and natural adhesions were used to prepare an environmental biodegradable nonwoven type mulching material. Especially, the nonwoven mulching with higher content of cotton shows a improved biodegradation. Also, the physical properties of nonwoven mulching with different ratios of cotton/rayon were studied. It was found that the degree of biodegradation was controlled by the type of nonwoven materials and adhesions.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.73-77
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• 1986

The effect of $^{60}Co$ are discussed with regard to radiochemical destruction detergent. The study deals specifically with the effect gamma radiation from $^{60}Co$ source upon aquous solution of detergent. Test on biodegradation of A B S (solium alkyl benzene sulfonate) under the waste-water prior to the detergent conversion to biodegradable surfactants. The reason for removal of A B S was their extreme environmental stability and the associateo appearance of foam in waste water treatment plants. Although the A B S are considered biodegradable the time required for biodegradation in practical with the present environmental guidelines.