• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.247-252
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• 2008

There are several branch points in the flavonoid synthesis pathway starting from chalcone. Among them, the hydroxylation of flavanone is a key step leading to flavonol and anthocyanin. The flavanone 3-${\beta}$-hydroxylase (GmF3H) gene was cloned from soybean (Glycine max cultivar Sinpaldal) and shown to convert eriodictyol and naringenin into taxifolin and dihydrokaempferol, respectively. The major flavonoids in this soybean cultivar were found by LC-MS/MS to be kamepferol O-triglycosides and O-diglycosides. Expression of GmF3H and flavonol synthase (GmFLS) was induced by ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation and their expression stimulated accumulation of kaempferol glycones. Thus, GmF3H and GmFLS appear to be key enzymes in the biosynthesis of the UV-protectant, kaempferol.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.886-892
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• 2011

This study investigated the ACE-inhibitory effect of yogurt beverage fortified with hydrolysates as well as the suitability of hydrolysates as a nutraceutical additive to yogurt beverage. Three whey protein hydrolysates hydrolyzed by alcalase, protamex, and trypsin were each added to yogurt beverage at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/mL. Yogurt beverage fortified with 2.5 mg/mL of hydrolysates had 61-69% ACE-inhibitory activity, whereas yogurt beverage fortified with 5 mg/mL of hydrolysates showed 74% ACE-inhibitory activity. There were no significant differences in ACE-inhibitory activity between the alcalase or protamex hydrolysates during storage; however, trypsin hydrolysate exhibited significant differences. On the other hand, physicochemical characteristics such as pH (3.47-3.77), titratable acidity (0.81-0.84%), colority, viable cell count, and sensory qualities were not significantly different among the tested yogurt beverage samples during storage. These results showed that yogurt beverage fortified with whey protein hydrolysates maintained antihypertensive activity and underwent no unfavorable changes in physicochemical characteristics regardless of enzyme type.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.881-884
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• 2004

Apoptosis inducers for cancer therapy have been studied. Among hundreds of inducers, peptide anticancer drugs have many advantages such as being not harmful to humans, high selectivity, and dependence on their structures. Naltriben (NTB) is an octapeptide consisting of DPhe-Cys-Tyr-DTrp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-$NH_2$. Several NTB analogues are known. In this experiment, apoptotic activities of NTB analogues with 8 amino acids were tested using flow cytometry. The conformational study of NTB was carried out using NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Here, the relationships between conformations of NTB analogues and their apoptotic effects are reported.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.281-285
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• 2006

Microbial fuel cells (MFC) stacked with bipolar plates have been constructed and their performance was tested. In this design, single fuel cell unit was connected in series by bipolar plates where an anode and a cathode were made in one graphite block. Two types of bipolar plate stacked MFCs were constructed. Both utilized the same glucose oxidation reaction catalyzed by Gram negative bacteria, Proteus vulgaris as a biocatalyst in an anodic compartment, but two different cathodic reactions were employed: One with ferricyanide reduction and the other with oxygen reduction reactions. In both cases, the total voltage was the mathematical sum of individual fuel cells and no degradation in performance was found. Electricity from these MFCs was stored in a supercapacitor to drive external loads such as a motor and electric bulb.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.466-468
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• 2006

The antimicrobial effect of a novel flavonoid (7-O-butyl naringenin) on Helicobacter pylori ATCC 26695 and its inhibitory effects on the urease activity of the strain were evaluated by comparing with quercetin and naringenin. H. pylori was cultured with brain heart infusion supplemented with 5% horse serum at $37^{\circ}C$ under 10% $CO_2$ atmosphere and the inhibitory effects of flavonoids against the strain were detected using micro-plate methods. During 12 hr of incubation time, the optical densities of phenol red reduced (pink color) in the urea broth by producing ammonia were detected at 560 nm with a spectrophotometer. The results indicated that both quercetin and 7-O-butyl naringenin were effective against the growth of H. pylori. Moreover, inhibitory effect of 7-O-butyl naringenin on the growth of H. pylori was about two-fold higher than quercetin at the same concentration. With regard to H. pylori urease activity, 7-O-butyl naringenin had a greater inhibitory effect than did naringenin or quercetin at the same concentration.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.599-609
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• 2021

Ginseng has long been considered as an herbal medicine. Recent data suggest that ginseng has antiinflammatory properties and can improve learning- and memory-related function in the central nervous system (CNS) following the development of CNS neuroinflammatory diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and other neurological disorders. In this review, we discuss the role of ginseng in the neurovascular unit, which is composed of endothelial cells surrounded by astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, neural stem cells, oligodendrocytes, and neurons, especially their blood-brain barrier maintenance, anti-inflammatory effects and regenerative functions. In addition, cell-cell communication enhanced by ginseng may be attributed to regeneration via induction of neurogenesis and angiogenesis in CNS diseases. Thus, ginseng may have therapeutic potential to exert cognitive improvement in neuroinflammatory diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.839-844
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• 2019

Anthranilate derivatives have been used as flavoring and fragrant agents for a long time. Recently, these compounds are gaining attention due to new biological functions including antinociceptive and analgesic activities. Three anthranilate derivatives, N-methylanthranilate, methyl anthranilate, and methyl N-methylanthranilate were synthesized using metabolically engineered stains of Escherichia coli. NMT encoding N-methyltransferase from Ruta graveolens, AMAT encoding anthraniloyl-coenzyme A (CoA):methanol acyltransferase from Vitis labrusca, and pqsA encoding anthranilate coenzyme A ligase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were cloned and E. coli strains harboring these genes were used to synthesize the three desired compounds. E. coli mutants (metJ, trpD, tyrR mutants), which provide more anthranilate and/or S-adenosyl methionine, were used to increase the production of the synthesized compounds. MS/MS analysis was used to determine the structure of the products. Approximately, $185.3{\mu}M$ N-methylanthranilate and $95.2{\mu}M$ methyl N-methylanthranilate were synthesized. This is the first report about the synthesis of anthranilate derivatives in E. coli.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.671-674
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• 2005

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.2779-2782
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• 2011

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.919-920
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• 2005