• 제목/요약/키워드: Bio-shield

검색결과 25건 처리시간 0.027초

External dose assessment for workers dismantling the bio-shield of a commercial power nuclear reactor: Case study of Kori-1, Korea

  • Lee, ChoongWie;Lee, Donghyun;Kim, Hee Reyoung;Lee, Seung Jun
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제52권9호
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    • pp.2085-2091
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    • 2020
  • The license for Kori-1, the first commercial reactor in Busan, Korea, was terminated in June 2017; therefore, preparations are being made for its decommissioning. Because the radioactivity of Bio-shield varies greatly throughout the structure, the doses received by the workers depend on the location, order, and duration of dismantling operations. Thus, a model for evaluating the worker external dose during the dismantling of the Kori-1 bio-shield was developed, and work scenarios for dose assessment were designed. The Dose evaluation code VISIPLAN was used for dose assessment. The dose rate around the bio-shield was evaluated and the level of exposure to the operator was evaluated according to the work scenario. The maximum annual external dose was calculated as 746.86 mSv for a diamond wire saw operator under dry cutting conditions, indicating that appropriate protective measures, such as changing dismantling sequence, remote monitoring, shield installation, and adjustment of work team are necessary for the safe dismantling of the bio-shield. Through these protective measures, it was found that the worker's dose could be below the dose limit.

A Study on the Construction of Cutting Scenario for Kori Unit 1 Bio-shield considering ALARA

  • Hak-Yun Lee;Min-Ho Lee;Ki-Tae Yang;Jun-Yeol An;Jong-Soon Song
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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    • 제55권11호
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    • pp.4181-4190
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    • 2023
  • Nuclear power plants are subjected to various processes during decommissioning, including cutting, decontamination, disposal, and treatment. The cutting of massive bio-shields is a significant step in the decommissioning process. Cutting is performed near the target structure, and during this process, workers are exposed to potential radioactive elements. However, studies considering worker exposure management during such cutting operations are limited. Furthermore, dismantling a nuclear power plant under certain circumstances may result in the unnecessary radiation exposure of workers and an increase in secondary waste generation. In this study, a cutting scenario was formulated considering the bio-shield as a representative structure. The specifications of a standard South Korean radioactive waste disposal drum were used as the basic conditions. Additionally, we explored the hot-to-cold and cold-to-hot methods, with and without the application of polishing during decontamination. For evaluating various scenarios, different cutting time points up to 30 years after permanent shutdown were considered, and cutting speeds of 1-10nullm2/h were applied to account for the variability and uncertainty attributable to the design output and specifications. The obtained results provide fundamental guidelines for establishing cutting methods suitable for large structures.

A Study on the Evaluation of Surface Dose Rate of New Disposal Containers Though the Activation Evaluation of Bio-Shield Concrete Waste From Kori Unit 1

  • Kang, Gi-Woong;Kim, Rin-Ah;Do, Ho-Seok;Kim, Tae-Man;Cho, Chun-Hyung
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.133-140
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    • 2021
  • This study evaluates the radioactivity of concrete waste that occurs due to large amounts of decommissioned nuclear wastes and then determines the surface dose rate when the waste is packaged in a disposal container. The radiation assessment was conducted under the presumption that impurities included in the bio-shielded concrete contain the highest amount of radioactivity among all the concrete wastes. Neutron flux was applied using the simplified model approach in a sample containing the most Co and Eu impurities, and a maximum of 9.8×104 Bq·g-1 60Co and 2.63×105 Bq·g-1 152Eu was determined. Subsequently, the surface dose rate of the container was measured assuming that the bio-shield concrete waste would be packaged in a newly developed disposal container. Results showed that most of the concrete wastes with a depth of 20 cm or higher from the concrete surface was found to have less than 1.8 mSv·hr-1 in the surface dose of the new-type disposal container. Hence, when bio-shielded concrete wastes, having the highest radioactivity, is disposed in the new disposal container, it satisfies the limit of the surface dose rate (i.e., 2 mSv·hr-1) as per global standards.

원전 방사화 콘크리트 차폐벽의 확률 기반 성능변화 예측 (Probability-Based Performance Prediction of the Nuclear Contaminated Bio-Logical Shield Concrete Walls)

  • 권기현;김도겸;이호재;서은아;이장화
    • 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.316-322
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    • 2019
  • 본 연구에서는 환경적·물리적 인자들의 불확실성을 반영하는 확률론적 접근법을 적용하여, 원자로 가동기간 동안 장시간 방사능에 노출된 원전 콘크리트 차폐벽의 재료적 특징 및 강도에 대한 영향을 평가하였다. 방사화에 따른 콘크리트의 재료적 특성 변화를 조사하였으며, 중성자 노출량과 시간과의 관계를 나타내는 중성자속 분석을 통해 차폐 콘크리트 의 시간의존적 압축강도와 인장강도의 변화를 예측하였다. 압축강도와 인장강도 각각의 변화에 따른 차폐 콘크리트의 파괴확률을 몬테카를로 시뮬레이션(Monte Carlo Simulation) 기법을 적용하여 추정하였다. 본 연구에서는 가동 40년 만인 2017년에 영구정지한 고리 1호기의 해체 안전성 평가를 위해, 이와 유사한 원전유형 및 관련 자료를 활용하여 콘크리트 생체차폐벽의 성능변화를 예측하였다.

Analysis of Variation in Total Airborne Bacteria Concentration to Assess the Performance of Biological Safety Cabinets in Microbial Laboratories

  • Hwang, Sung Ho;Park, Hyun Hee;Yoon, Chung Sik
    • Safety and Health at Work
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    • 제5권1호
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    • pp.23-26
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    • 2014
  • Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the concentration of total airborne bacteria (TAB) in biosafety cabinets (BSCs) at universities and hospital microbial laboratories to assess the performance of BSCs. Methods: TAB was determined by using the single-stage Anderson sampler (BioStage Viable Cascade Impactor). The samples were obtained three times (with the BSC turned off and the shield open; with the BSC turned off and the shield closed; and with the BSC tuned on and operating) from the areas in front of 11 BSCs. Results: TAB concentrations of accredited and nonaccredited BSCs were determined. No significant differences were observed in the TAB concentrations of the accredited BSCs and the nonaccredited BSCs for the areas outside the BSCs in the laboratories (p > 0.05). TAB concentrations for the BSCs sampled with the shield open and the instrument turned off showed differences based on the sampling site outside the BSC in each laboratory. Conclusion: These results imply that TAB concentration is not altered by the performance of the BSCs or TAB itself and/or concentration of TAB outside the BSC is not a good index of BSC performance.

Low-ε Static Probe Development for 15N-1H Solid-state NMR Study of Membrane Proteins for an 800 MHz NB Magnet

  • Park, Tae-Joon;Choi, Sung-Sub;Jung, Ji-Ho;Park, Yu-Geun;Kim, Yongae
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.823-826
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    • 2013
  • A low-${\varepsilon}$ solid-state NMR(Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) probe was developed for the spectroscopic analysis of two-dimensional $^{15}N-^1H$ heteronuclear dipolar coupling in dilute membrane proteins oriented in hydrated and dielectrically lossy lipid environments. The system employed a 800 MHz narrow-bore magnet. A solenoid coil strip shield was used to reduce deleterious RF sample heating by minimizing the conservative electric fields generated by the double-tuned resonator at high magnetic fields. The probe's design, construction, and performance in solid-state NMR experiments at high magnetic fields are described here. Such high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopic analysis of static oriented samples in hydrated phospholipid bilayers or bicelles could aid the structural analysis of dilute biological membrane proteins.

다공성 석탄회 담체를 이용한 연속류식 고정 생물막 공정의 폐수 처리 특성 (Characteristics of Wastewater Treatment by the Continuous-Flow Fixed Biofilm Process Using Porous Fly Ash Carrier)

  • 류재춘;김영호;양현수;곽두원;유성준
    • 공업화학
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.200-205
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    • 2005
  • 우리는 이전의 연구에서 석탄회를 이용하여 높은 미생물 담지능과 양이온에 대한 흡착능을 가지는 다공성 담체를 제조하였다. 본 연구는 다공성 석탄회 담체를 사용한 폐수 처리 생물막 공정 개발을 목적으로 실험실 규모의 연속류식 고정층 생물막 공정에 의한 돈사 폐수 처리 특성을 상용 미생물 담체 및 기존의 활성슬러지법과 동일 조건에서 비교 고찰하여 보았다. 실험 결과로서 제조한 석탄회 담체는 COD, TN, $NH_4{^+}-N$ 항목의 평균 제거율이 각각 80%, 77%, 65%로서 상용 담체 및 기존의 활성 슬러지 공정과 비교하여 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 처리 후 미생물 담지량을 측정해 본 결과 상용 담체에 비해 높은 값을 나타내었으며, SEM 관찰 결과 석탄회 담체에 미생물 군집이 안정하게 형성되었음을 확인할 수 있었다.

고온기 멜론 시설재배 시 자재별 차광 효과 (Effects of Shield Materials on the Growth and Yield Characteristics of Melon Grown inside a Plastic Greenhouse in Summer Season)

  • 이재한;이중섭;권준국;여경환;방지웅;김진현;이충근;박경섭;명동주
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.304-311
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    • 2021
  • 고온기 시설멜론 재배 시 저비용 고효율의 개발하기 위하여 차광 자재별 이용 효과를 구명하고자 수행하였다. 차광처리에 따른평균온도는 무차광이 36.6℃, 차광도포제는 34.5℃, 백색차광망은 34℃로 조사되었다. 도포제 살포 직후에 투광률이 무차광에 비해서 차광 도포제 처리구는 69%, 백색차광망 처리구는 75% 이었으나, 40일 및 80일 후 차광 도포제 처리구의 투광률이 각각 92% 및 98%로 높아져 처리된 차광도포제가 서서히 제거되는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 백색차광망 처리구는 시간의 경과에 따른 투광률의 변화가 거의 없었다. 생육에 있어 엽수는 처리 간에 차이가 없었고, 초장은 무차광에 비해 백색차광망과 차광도포제 처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 엽중, 생체중, 건물중의 경우 차광 처리구에 비해서 무차광에서 정식 42일 후에는 더 무거운 것으로 나타났다. 총 상품수량은 무차광에 비해서 백색차광망과 차광도포제가 각각 6% 및 5% 증수되었다. 따라서 고온기 간편하게 온도를 낮출수 있는 방법으로 차광도포제는 효과적이나 서서히 제거되기 때문에 재배 시기를 고려해서 사용하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각되었다.

FDTD 방법을 이용한 MRI Birdcage RF Coil의 Endcap 효과 분석 (Analysis of Endcap Effect for MRI Birdcage RF Coil by FDTD Method)

  • 정성택;박부식;신윤미;곽준식;조종운;김경남
    • Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2003
  • 목적 : 자기공명영상(MRI)에서 두부영상촬영을 위하여 가장 많이 사용되는 birdcage RF (Radiofrequency) 코일의 RF B1 필드가 코일 중앙부에서 endring영역으로 갈수록 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있다. Birdcage RF 코일에서 endcap 쉴드가 코일 중앙부에서 endring영역으로 갈수록 RF B1 필드 균질성에 얼마나 영향을 주는지에 대하여 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법 : Lowpass, highpass, hybrid birdcage RF 코일들에 대해 각각 FDTD (Finite Difference Time Domain) 모의실험으로 RF B1 자속밀도 분포를 비교하였다. 모의 실험결과 RF Bl 필드가 가장 높은 조건인 highpass birdcage RF코일을 선택하여 RF코일 endring 근처에 endcap 쉴드를 적용함으로써 RF B1 균질성에 얼마나 영향이 있는 지 조사하였다. 결과 : FDTD모의실험결과 highpass birdcage RF코일은 코일 내부에서 RF B1 필드가 lowpass나 hybrid 형태의 birdcage RF 코일들 보다 우수하나 코일 중앙부에서 endring 영역까지의 균질성은 떨어졌다. 그러나 highpass birdcage RF 코일에 endcap 쉴드를 적용하면 hybrid birdcage RF 코일의 RF B1 필드와 비슷한 수준이면서 sagittal 방향의 전체적인 RF B1 균질성은 우수하였다. 결론 : 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 임상에서 MRI자장의 세기가 커질수록 RF코일 내부의 RF B1 균질성이 현저히 떨어지는 문제점이 있는데 이를 개선하는데 적용 할 수 있다고 사료된다.

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