• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.12-21
• /
• 2023

Governments and global companies are working towards using renewable sources of energy, such as solar, wind, and biomass, to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. In the defense sector, the new strategy seeks to increase the sustainable use of renewable energy sources to improve energy security and reduce military transportation. Renewable energy technologies are affected by factors such as climate, resources, and policy environments. Therefore, governments and global companies need to carefully select the optimal renewable energy sources and deployment strategies. Biomass is a promising energy source owing to its high energy density and ease of collection and harvesting. Many techniques have been developed to convert the biomass into electrical energy. Recently, diverse types of fuel cells have been suggested that can directly convert the chemical energy of biomass into electrical energy. The recently developed biomass flow fuel cell has significantly enhanced the power density several hundred times, reaching to ~100 mW/cm². In this review, we explore various strategies for producing electrical energy from biomass using modern methods, and discuss the challenges and potential prospects of this method.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.190-198
• /
• 2016

Application of fuel cell to produce renewable energy for commercial purpose is limited by the high cost of Pt based electrode materials. Development of inexpensive, high energetic electrode is the need of the hour to produce pollution free energy using bio-fuel through a fuel cell. Ni-Cu and Ni-CeO₂-Cu electrode materials, electro synthesized by pulse current have been developed. The surface morphology of the electrode materials is controlled by different deposition parameters in order to produce a high current from the electro-oxidation of the fuel, the ethanol. The developed materials are electrochemically characterized by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Chronoamperometry (CA) and Potentiodynamic polarization tests. The results confirm that the high current is due to their enhanced catalytic properties viz. high exchange current density (i₀), low polarization resistance (R_p) and low impedance. It is worthwhile to mention here that the addition of CeO₂ to Ni-Cu has outperformed Pt as far as the high electro catalytic properties are concerned; the exchange current density is about eight times higher than the same on Pt surface. The morphology of the electrode surface examined by SEM and FESEM exhibits that the grains are narrow and sub spherical with 3D surface, containing vacancies in between the elongated grains. The fact has enhanced more surface area for electro oxidation of the fuel, giving rise to an increase in current. Presence of Ni, CeO₂, and Cu is confirmed by the XRD and EDXS. Fuel cell fabricated with Ni-CeO₂-Cu material electrode is expected to produce clean electrical energy at cheaper rates than conventional one, using bio fuel the derived from biomass.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.23-27
• /
• 2008

As a biofuel source, direct photosynthetic/metabolic biofuel cells (DPBFC) use cyanobacteria whose photosynthesis and metabolization reactions can convert light energy to electricity, In our previous work, we fabricated a prototype micro-DPBFC that could generate a peak current density of $36{\mu}A/cm^{2}$ and a maximum power density of $270nW/cm^{2}$. In this study, we improve on the previous results by using carbon micro electromechanical systems (C-MEMS), formed from the pyrolysis of patterned photoresist, to fabricate carbon electrodes of an arbitrary shape and controlled porosity to increase the surface area. With these new C-MEMS electrodes, the maximum power density of the micro-DPBFC was $516nW/cm^{2}$, a performance twice as good as the results of our previous work.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.529-536
• /
• 2008

Cyanobacteria Synechocystis PCC 6803 or the extracted thylakoid membrane from this strain was appled to photosynthetic bio-electrochemical fuel cell(PBEFC) for the production of hydrogen under the illumination of 48Klux using halogen lamp. PBEFC was composed of anode, cathode and membrane between them. Electrode material was carbon paper while electron mediator and receptor were added phenazine methosulfate(PMS) and potassium ferricyanide respectively. When water and 50 mM tricine buffer and $300{\mu}M$ PMS were added to the anode under the light condition, PBEFC produced the current density $4.4{\times}10^{-5}\;mA/cm^2$, $1.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$ and $2.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$, respectively. And the addition of the thylakoid membrane to the system increased current density to $1.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. Two times increase of the thylakoid membrane into the anode doubled the current density to $2.6{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. But the current density was not increased proportionally to the amount of thylakoid membrane increased. The system was unstable to measure the electricity output due to the foam production in the anode. Addition of triton X-100 and tween 80 stabilized the system to measure the electricity output but the current density was not increased higher than $8.4{\times}10^{-4}\;mA/cm^2$ and $2.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$. When the thylakoid membrane was substituted to Synechocystis PCC 6803 cells of four-day culture which has chlorophyll contents $20.5{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, maximum current density was $1.3{\times}10^{-3}\;mA/cm^2$ with $1\;k{\Omega}$ resistance.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.230-234
• /
• 2005

Fabrication of MEA is important factor for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). MEA of PEMFC with hot pressing and direct coating method were prepared, and performances were evaluated and compared each other. The effect of MEA preparation methods, hot pressing methods and direct coating methods, on the cell performance was analyzed by impedance spectroscopy and SEM. The performance of PEMFC with direct coating method was better than with hot pressing method because membrane internal resistance and membrane-interfacial resistance were reduced by elimination of hot pressing process in MEA fabrication. In addition the micro structure of MEA with direct coating method reveals uniform interface between membrane and catalyst layer.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국미생물생명공학회 2001년도 Proceedings of 2001 KSAM Annual Meeting
• /
• pp.25-27
• /
• 2001

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권10호
• /
• pp.1745-1753
• /
• 2014

Sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC), equipped with Zn, Al, Cu, Fe or graphite felt (GF) anode and marine sediment, was performed. Graphite felt was used as a common cathode. SMFC was single chambered and did not use any redox mediator. The aim of this work was to find efficient anodic material. Oxidation reduction potential (ORP), cell voltage, current density, power density, pH and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were measured for SMFC's performance.. The order of maximum power density was $913mWm^{-2}$ for Zn, $646mWm^{-2}$ for Fe, $387.8mWm^{-2}$ for Cu, $266mWm^{-2}$ for Al, and $127mWm^{-2}$ for graphite felt (GF). The current density over voltage was found to be strongly correlated with metal electrodes, but the graphite felt electrode, in which relatively weaker electricity was observed because of its bio-oriented mechanism. Metal corrosion reactions and/or a complicated microbial electron transfer mechanism acting around the anodic compartment may facilitate to generate electricity. We presume that more sophisticated selection of anodic material can lead to better performance in SMFC.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.547-548
• /
• 2006

This study focuses on a determination of amount of Pt in the Pt/C for catalysts of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). PEMFC offer low weight and high power density and being considered fur automotive and stationary power applications. The PEMFC behavior is quite complex is influenced by several factors, including catalysts and structure of electrode and membrane type. Catalyst of electrode is important factor for PEMFC. One of the obstacles preventing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells from commercialization is the high cost of noble metals to be used as catalyst, such as platinum. To effectively use these metals, they have to be will dispersed to small particles on conductive carbon supports. The optimal amount of Pt in Pt/C was investigated by using polarization curves in single cell with $H_2/O_2$ operation.

• 기술사
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.20-24
• /
• 2006

The energy of 97% consumed by our country depends on it's import from foreign market. This article covers hydrogen, fuel-cell, coal liquefaction gasification energy, and solar, wind, photovoltaic, hydro power, ocean, waste, geothermal, bio energy that is renewable energy, and so on, which are new-generation energy sources, increasing the concern on new & renewable source of enenrgy in future.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.208-212
• /
• 2018

Microbial fuel cell (MFC) technology has been attractive since it can not only treat organic waste in an eco-friendly way by digesting it but also generate electricity by the unique metabolic process of microbes. However, it hasn't been employed in practical use until now because it is hard to integrate a small electricity up to an adequate amount of electric power and difficult to keep its bio-electric activity consistent. In this study, we combined an energy harvester with MFC (MFC-EH) to make the power-integration convenient and developed an energy self-sustainable wireless sensor system driven by a stable electric power produced by MFC-EH. Additionally, we build the low power application measuring data to be cast by the web in real-time so that it can be quickly and easily accessed through the internet. The proposed system could contribute to improvement of waste treatment and up-cycling technologies in near future.