• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• 제37권2호
• /
• pp.220-227
• /
• 2010

식물 종자오일의 지방산은 인간에 필수 지방산을 공급하는 식용 및 생필품 생산에 필요한 다양한 산업원료로 사용된다. 식물 오일의 식용 및 산업용 적합성과 경제성을 극대화하기 위해 유전공학에 의한 종자오일의 양과 지방산 조성 변형을 위한 대사조절연구가 계속 진행되고 있다. 하지만 식물에 일반적으로 존재하지 않는, 산업적으로 유용한 특이지방산의 합성과 종자오일로의 축적은 한계가 있음이 알려져 있다. 그 이유는 재배가 용이하며 생산성이 높은 오일식물의 acyltransferase가 특이지방산에 대한 기질특이성이 떨어지며 또한 특이지방산에 대한 세포막지질에서 종자오일로 전환시키는 편집기작 (editing mechanism)이 없기 때문으로 사료된다. 최근에 모델식물의 종자오일의 축적에 관여하는 acyltransferase에 관한 유전자들이 클로닝되었고, 특이지방산이 합성되는 인지질에서의 편집기작에 관여하는 acyltransferase 유전자들이 밝혀져 이들 유전자들의 정보를 이용하여 특이지방산을 효과적으로 생산.증진할 수 있는 기술이 개발될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 피마자오일의 주성분인 산업용 특이지방산인 리시놀레인 지방산을 오일식물에서 생산하기 위해 이에 관여할 것으로 추정되는 11개의 acyltransferase 유전자를 피마자 유전체 데이터베이스에서 존재함을 확인하였다. 이들 유전자들의 도입에 의해 형질전환 식물이 갖고 있지 않은 리시놀레인산에 대한 기질 특이성을 부여하여 종자오일 내의 특이지방산의 생산을 증가시킬 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.343-351
• /
• 2012

A large diameter roundwood is an important element of Korean traditional buildings, Hanok, and is hard to be dried without surface cracks. Four different pretreatments, such as pre-cracking, oil heating, kerfing-oil heating and PEG impregnation, were investigated for reducing the surface cracks of large-diameter roundwood specimens during heat treatment. The roundwood specimens of pre-cracking, oil heating and kerfing-oil heating showed surface cracks during pretreatment, but that of PEG impregnation did not. It was confirmed that kerfing reduced the total crack width. Among the four pretreatments and control only the PEG impregnation roundwood specimen had no crack on both outer and inner surfaces after heat treatment. The PEG impregnation specimen shrank only 1.6% in the tangential direction while the pre-cracking did 8.0%.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제50권3호
• /
• pp.164-169
• /
• 2007

Three coniferous essential oils were extracted from Abies koreana, Cryptomeria japonica, and Torreya nucifera by hydrodistillation. The chemical composition of each oil was analyzed by GCMS, and their antimicrobial activities were tested against two bacteria and one yeast strains. Fortyseven compounds were identified from A. koreana oil, 39 from C. japonica, and 59 from T. nucifera. Main components of the essential oils were limonene (23.5%), bornyl acetate (17.9%), ${\alpha}-pinene$ (11.1%), and camphene (10.2%) in A. koreana, kaurene (26.3%), ${\gamma}-eudesmol$ (19.0%), elemol (6.9%), and sabinene (5.1%) in C. japonica, limonene (13.5%), ${\delta}-cadinene$ (10.5%), ${\alpha}-bisabolol$ (10.2%), and ${\alpha}-copaene$ (7.7%) in T. nucifera. Among the three coniferous trees tested, the essential oils of A. koreana exhibited higher and broader antimicrobial activity against the tested organisms than those of C. japonica and T. nucifera.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• 제61권4호
• /
• pp.591-597
• /
• 2023

Pakistan depends heavily on imports for its fuel requirements. In this experiment, catalytic pyrolysis of a blend of feedstock's consisting of date seed, wheat straw, and corn cob was conducted in a fixed bed reactor to produce oil that can be used as an alternative fuel. The main focus was to emphasize the outcome of important variables on the produced oil. The effects of operating conditions on the yield of bio-oil were studied by changing temperature (350-500 ℃), heating rate (10, 15, 20 ℃/min), and particle size (1, 2, 3 mm). Moreover, ZnO was used as a catalyst in the process. First, the thermal degradation of the feedstock was investigated by TGA and DTG analysis at 10 ℃/min of different particle sizes of 1, 2, and 3mm from a temperature range of 0 to 1000 ℃. The optimum temperature was found to be 450 ℃ for maximum degradation, and the oil yield was indicated to be around 37%. It was deduced from the experiment that the maximum production of bio-oil was 32.21% at a temperature of 450 ℃, a particle size of 1mm, and a heating rate of 15 ℃/min. When using the catalyst under the same operating conditions, the bio-oil production increased to 41.05%. The heating value of the produced oil was 22 MJ/kg compared to low-quality biodiesel oil, which could be used as a fuel.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.180-187
• /
• 2016

In the present work, bael shell (aegle marmelos) is used as the feedstock for pyrolysis, using a fixed bed reactor to investigate the characteristics of the pyrolysis oil. The product yields, e.g., liquid, char and gases are produced from the biomass at different temperatures with the particle size of 0.5-1.0 mm, at the heating rate of $150^{\circ}C/min$. The maximum liquid yield, i.e., 36.23 wt.%, was found at $5500^{\circ}C$. Some physical properties of the pyrolysis oil such as calorific value, viscosity, density, pH, flash point and fire point are evaluated. The calorific value of the bael shell pyrolysis oil was 20.4 MJ/kg, which is slightly higher than the biomass, i.e., 18.24 MJ/kg. The H/C and O/C ratios of the bio-oil were found as 2.3 and 0.56 respectively, which are quite higher than some other bio-oils. Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) and Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR) analyses showed that the pyrolysis oil of bael shell is mostly composed by phenolic and acidic compounds. The results of the properties of the bael shell pyrolysis oil reveal the potential of the oil as an alternate fuel with the essential upgradation of some properties.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2006

유동층 열분해로에서 상수리나무의 급속열분해를 수행하고 생성된 바이오오일의 물리화학적 특성을 GC/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 유동층 열분해로에서 얻어진 상수리나무와 낙엽송의 바이오오일 수율은 각각 $350^{\circ}C,\;400^{\circ}C$에서 최대치를 보였으며 이는 두 수종간의 셀룰로오스 함량차이에 기인하는 것으로 추정된다. 최적온도 이상에서는 반응온도가 증가할수록 프리보드에서의 2차 열분해에 의하여 촤와 오일의 수율이 감소하였고 가스상 성분과 수분의 함량이 증가하였다. 유등층 열분해로에서 시료의 투입량은 생성물의 수율과 조성에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았으며 이는 충분한 혼합이 이루어지기 때문으로 판단되었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.290-298
• /
• 2020

A large residual fraction of aliphatic components of diesel prevails in soil, which has adverse effects on the environment. This study identified the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic residual fraction of diesel through total petroleum-hydrocarbon fractional analysis. For this, the strain Acinetobacter sp. K-6 was isolated, identified, and characterized and investigated its ability to degrade diesel and n-alkanes (C₁₈, C₂₀, and C₂₂). The removal efficiency was analysed after treatment with bacteria and nutrients in various soil microcosms. The fractional analysis of diesel degradation after treatment with the bacterial strains identified C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons as the most bio-recalcitrant aliphatic fraction of diesel oil. Acinetobacter sp. K-6 degraded 59.2% of diesel oil and 56.4% of C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons in the contaminated soil. The degradation efficiency was further improved using a combinatorial approach of biostimulation and bioaugmentation, which resulted in 76.7% and 73.7% higher degradation of diesel oil and C₁₈-C₂₂ hydrocarbons, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that the removal of mid-length, non-volatile hydrocarbons is affected by the population of bio-degraders and the nutrients used in the process of remediation. A combinatorial approach, including biostimulation and bioaugmentation, could be used to effectively remove large quantities of aliphatic hydrocarbons persisting for a longer period in the soil.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국연소학회 2013년도 제46회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
• /
• pp.61-64
• /
• 2013

Biomass is well known for organic resources photosynthesized by carbon dioxide water in the air and thus it can be widely used in the form of energy and production for various kinds of materials. Through pyrolysis, biomass can be transformed into solid(biochar), liquid(bio-oil), and combustible gas on the different condition of temperature and heating rate. That's why biomass can be practically used to preprocess and produce a variety of elements. This work is to analyze the characteristics of slow pyrolysis of three different kinds of biomass extracted from Indonesia. They showed similar moisture content and combinations of combustible matters and had quite a large discrepancy in the ash among them like 2.1 & of Bagasse, 91% of PKS, and 20.9% of Paddy Straw, respectively. yield of biochar, solid form of the biomass, steadily decreased when the temperature went up and that of bio-oil the highest at the temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. At the same temperature range, PKS bio-oil showed 51.4 % of yield and Bagasse had 55.1% while it turned out that Paddy straw showed the lowest yield of 37.2%. The apparent density was also measured to figure out the density of each product from the pyrolysis experiments at the temperature of 500 degrees Celsius. The result was like these; the density of biochar was 0.17, the lowest, and that of Tree stem was 1.3 when mixed by an equal amount of biochar and bio-oil.

• 한국잡초학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 19종의 식물정유가 유채종자의 발아 및 생장에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 수행되었다. 그 결과 식물정유를 100배 희석 처리 한 경우 anise, cinnamon, citronella, clove, geranium, lemongrass, mustard 및 pine oil 등의 8종은 유채의 발아를 완전히 저해하였으며, 초기생장의 저해효과도 큰 것으로 나타났다. 유채의 발아와 초기생장에 대한 저해율을 근거로 하여, 상기의 8개의 식물정유로부터 cinnamon, clove 및 geranium oil이 실용 가능성이 있는 bio-herbicide로서 선발되었다. 선발된 cinnamon, clove 및 geranium oil을 토양처리한 경우 90kg ai $ha^{-1}$농도에서 유채의 출현율은 각각 7.1, 25.0, 3.6% 였으며, 초기생장율도 22.0, 9.9 및 11.0% 수준으로, 유채종자의 발아와 초기생장억제에 미치는 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가구학회지
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.138-144
• /
• 2015

Among several thermal wood modification methods German oil heating technology was applied for color changing larch and paulowniawood specimens. They were heat treated at $200^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours in an autoclave filled with linseed oil. The CIE $L^*a^*b^*$ color indexes of the shells and cores of the oil heated specimens were measured. The color difference indexes between the oil heated and the control specimens of larch and paulowniawood were in the range of 6 and 12, which implies considerably different. The color difference indexes between the core layers of the larch and paulowniawood specimens were 4.3 and 1.7, respectively. It could be concluded that the specimens of the two species were color changed uniformly by oil heating.