• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.622-628
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 최근 목질계바이오매스를 원료로 한 수송용(transportation) 바이오연료의 국제적 상용화 기술의 흐름과 산업체 동향에 대하여 조사하였다. IEA, Bioenergy Task 39에서 집계한 수송용 바이오연료 관련 산업체에서 목질계 원료를 사용하는 산업체는 93개 업체였고, 그중에서 Commercial type의 산업체를 기준으로 생화학적 전환기술을 채택한 업체는 전체의 84%로 나타나 생화학적 전환공정이 목질계 바이오연료 분야의 주류 기술인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 생화학적 전환공정을 채택한 Commercial type 산업체의 주요 생산품은 바이오에탄올로서 연간 약 115만 5천 톤, 바이오오일은 약 12만 톤으로 전 세계의 수송용 연료에 혼입목표량을 대체하기에 매우 부족한 상황인 것으로 밝혀져 수송용 바이오연료 시장은 기술과 규모 면에서 기술개발과 상용화 노력이 더욱 요구됨이 시사되었다. 또한 pilot type의 산업체에서 생화학공정 및 열화학공정기술을 활용한 실험적 생산이 다수 진행되고 있어, 향후 목질계 원료에 의한 액체바이오연료 기술이 다양하게 실용화될 가능성이 큰 것으로 시사되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.982-992
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• 2011

Three experiments were carried out to determine the nutritional value and to verify the pig performance in growing and finishing phases (30 to 90 kg) fed on diets containing common corn (CC), high-lysine corn (HLC) and high-oil corn (HOC). In the total digestibility trial (Exp. I) 12 barrows were used. Values of digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) as-fed basis for CC, HLC and HOC, were: 3,396 and 3,275 kcal/kg; 3,248 and 3,139 kcal/kg; 3,445 and 3,308 kcal/kg, respectively. In order to determine the apparent and true ileal digestibility coefficients of amino acids, as well as the values of true digestible amino acids of the CC, HLC and HOC, an ileal digestibility trial was done (Exp. II) with T-cannulated barrows ("T" simple). The treatments consisted of three diets, with one of them as the sole source of protein (CC, HLC and HOC). In the performance experiment (Exp. III), 36 crossbred pigs, allotted in a completely randomized design with three treatments and 12 replications were used. Treatments consisted of three diets: 1 - CC; 2 - HLC and 3 - HOC. It was observed no difference for performance and carcass variables among the corns with different nutritional profiles. Results of the three experiments highlighted the importance of segregating corns in their real chemical and energetic composition as well as the values of true digestible amino acids for formulating diets for growing and finishing pigs.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.587-594
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• 2010

Hydrogen is an alternative fuel for the future energy which can reduce pollutants and greenhouse gases. Synthesis gas has played an important role of synthesizing the valuable chemical compounds, for example methanol, DME and GTL chemicals. Renewable biomass feedstocks can be potentially used for fuel and chemicals. Current thermal processing techniques such as fast pyrolysis, slow pyrolysis, and gasification tend to generate products with a large slate of compounds. Lignocellulose feedstocks such as forest residues are promising for the production of bio-oil and synthesis gas. Pyrolysis and gasification was investigated using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and bubbling fluidized bed gasification reactor to utilize forest woody biomass. Most of the materials decomposed between $320^{\circ}C$ and $380^{\circ}C$ at heating rates of $5{\sim}20^{\circ}C$/min in thermogravimetric analysis. Bubbling fluidized bed reactor was used to study gasification characteristics, and the effects of reaction temperature, residence time and feedstocks on gas yields and selectivities were investigated. With increasing temperature from $750^{\circ}C$ to $850^{\circ}C$, the yield of char decreased, whereas the yield of gas increased. The gaseous products consisted of mostly CO, $CO_2$, $H_2$ and a small fraction of $C_1-C_4$ hydrocarbons.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.294-304
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• 2016

Members of the genus Brassica, which are known as oil crops or cruciferous vegetables, are widely cultivated in Canada, Australia, Asian and Europe. Because Brassica species have high yields, are well adapted to their environments, and are self-incompatible, the germplasm is abundant. Previous studies have reported abundant genetic diversity even within Brassica subspecies. In Korea, fresh cabbage leaves are eaten with roast meat, and to meet the current popular demand, new varieties are being increasingly bred. To determine the genetic diversity and relationships among the cabbage vegetables in Korea, we evaluated the genetic variation of 18 accessions based on 5S and 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences. We detected many variable nucleotide sites, especially in the 5S rRNA gene sequences. Because the length of the 18S rRNA gene might influence the dissimilarity rate statistics, we used both the 5S and 18S sequences to analyze the phylogenetic relationships. S7 (B. oleracea) showed the most distant phylogenetic relationship with the other Brassica species. Interestingly, B2 (B. oleracea), B15, and B18 (B. campestris) have three different types of leaf profiles, and were divided into one group, and the other Brassica species formed another group. Statistical analysis of interspecies and intraspecies genetic distances revealed that B. campestris L. showed higher genetic diversity than B. oleracea L. This work provides additional data that facilitates the evaluation of the genetic variation and relationships among Brassica species. The results could be used in functional plant breeding programs to improve Brassica crops.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2016

Nowadays, emissions of a vehicle are been getting by testing on a chassis dynamometer and a test modes. Also, fuel efficiency is calculated by carbon-balance method that is applying the emissions(CO, THC and $CO_2$) to the fuel calculation formular. In Korea, before 2014, the formular did not include the fuel factors (density, net heat value and carbon weight fraction), but the constants were based on the fuel properties of 2000s. So, this formular did not consider a characteristic of test fuel property that was changed when progressing fuel efficiency test. The characteristics of test fuel property which was distributed in domestic have a difference of quality depending on production regions and oil-refining facilities. Because the fuel properties are variable value during refineries, crude oils and blending contents of a bio-fuel, vehicle fuel is changed for each test. Therefore, the fuel qualities need to apply for a fuel economy test. In this paper, changing patterns of a fuel properties were reviewed during history of fuel standards. Also, the appropriateness of the methods was discussed by calculating and comparing fuel economies with the fuel factors and the constants.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2008

Five essential oils and 15 herbal extracts were evaluated to control Bursaphelenchus xylophillus in laboratory. The essential oils from clove plant (Syzygium aromaticum), mustard (Brassica integrefolia), thyme (Thymus vulgaris), and Pelargonium inquinans were found to be highly promising and gave excellent control of the nematodes at all the time of exposure. Among them, the least one gave 91.3% mean mortality rate at 24 hours of exposure time, which is highly significant from the control. While in the second study, most of the methanol (Desmodium caudatum, Paulownia coreana, Auckulandia lappa, Sophota flavescens, Aloe sp., Rheum palmatum, Zingiber officinale, Magnolia officinalis, and Eugenia caryophyllata), hexane (Torreya nucifera, Pharbitis nil, Prunus mume, Melia azedarach, and Xanthium strumarium), and hot water (Cinnamomum cassia) herbal extracts killed the nematodes, but in varying degrees compared to the control. Only one extract was found to be promising viz Magnolia officinalis which found to be statistically different from the control and gave mean mortality of 72, 82.3, and 85.3 % for 24, 48, and 72 hours exposure, respectively. Further screening was conducted for M. officinalis with concentrations of 1,000, 100, and 10 ppm against the same species of nematode with the same time of exposure. However, it gave an excellent result for 1,000 ppm for all time of exposure, whereas for the 100 and 10 ppm it gave mean mortality of 39.5 and 25.8% for the time 72hrs, respectively that were statistically different from the control.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2004

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to have a range of biological activities, including anti-carcinogenic, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-adipogenic and anti-diabetogenic effects. Recent reports also showed that CLA has free radical scavenging capacity, which may have health benefits for human beings. The current study was performed to investigate the effect of structured lipid (SL)-containing CLA on plasma lipids and hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity. Sprague-Dawley mts were fed 5% and 10% SL-containing normal diet for 6 wks and these groups were compared to rats fed 5% and 10% corn oil. In plasma lipids, total-cholesterol was not affected by fat source or dietary fat level while triglyceride level decreased significantly in groups fed 10% fat diet compared to the other groups. Plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level decreased significantly in the S5 and S10 groups compared to the C5 and C10 groups, although hepatic TBARS level was not altered by fat source. On the other hand, in terms of hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity, superoxide dismutase activity increased in the S10 group, whereas catalase activity decreased in the S10 group. Glutathione peroxidase activity decreased significantly in the SL groups compared to the C5 group. Glutathione reductase activity increased and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity decreased in the C10 group compared to the C5 and C5 groups. In conclusion, the free radical scavenging activity of CLA seemed to suppress oxidative stress, which reduced lipid peroxidation resulting in lower hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity.

• 한국자원리싸이클링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원리싸이클링학회 2005년도 추계정기총회 및 제26회 학술발표대회 고분자리싸이클링기술 특별심포지엄
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• pp.75-82
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• 2005

바이오매스 열분해는 에너지와 가치있는 화학물질의 원료를 얻을 수 있는 유망한 방법 중의 하나이다. 열분해 반응기의 최적운전조건을 결정하기 위하여 기포유동층 반응기에서 상수리나무와 낙엽송의 열분해를 수행하였다. 온도, Uo/Umf, L/D가 생성물의 수율과 조성에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위하여 상수리나무와 낙엽송 톱밥으로 유동층 급속열분해를 수행하였다. 반응온도, Uo/Umf, L/D, 원료주입량의 효과를 결정하였고, 최적조건은 다음과 같다 : $T\;=\;400^{\circ}C,\;U_o/U_{mf}\;=\;3.0,\;L/D\;=\;2.0$. 바이오오일의 최대 수율은 약 55%이었고, 주요 조성은 carbohydrate류, guaiacol류, furan류, phenol류, syringol류 화합물이었다. 생성가스는 CO, $CO_2$, 저분자 탄화수소이었고, 조성을 이용하여 측정한 가스수율은 계산치와 일치하였다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.694-700
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• 2007

It is a gel type high functional toothpaste containing vitamin C, E, propolis extract and the rest of herb with a nanoemulsion state. Vitamin C, E is known as the material with an eminent anti-oxidation effect. Propolis is known as the material with an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. We have been succeeding in making nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis through the high pressure homogenizer using stable oil and lecithin and the gel type high functional tooth paste were made from nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis. We observed the process of wound protecting effect and cure effect for a wound of soft tissue, gingival tissue and mucous membrane showing ulcer and inflammation in oral cavity after applying a gel type high functional toothpaste to patient. As a result, the wound were healed very fast and any side effects were not shown. We confirmed that a gel type high functional toothpaste with nanoemulsion of vitamin C, E and propolis extract has good effect not only for wound healing but also for treatment of ulcer-like lesion in oral cavity. So we report our cases with review of literatures.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2017

큰느타리에 대한 국내산 자포니카타입의 벼에서 부산물로 나오는 미강을 대체할 수 있는 재료를 선발하기 위해 파키스탄에서 생산된 인디카 타입의 벼에서 생산된 미강과 옥수수주정박, 호마박, 케이폭박을 이용하여 시험한 결과 다음과 같다. 혼합배지별 이화학성 중 총탄소함량은 T1에서 가장 높았고, 총질소함량은 T4에서 가장 높았다. C/N은 T2가 대조구와 대등하였고, 갓직경과 대길이는 T1과 T2에서 컸다. 수량 및 생물학적 효율은 T2에서 다른 처리구 보다 높았으며, 대조구와 대등한 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 미강팰릿을 큰느타리 병재배에 첨가하여 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.