• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2013

In the present study, we aimed to elucidate how muscle strength and activity are affected by movement pattern(bilateral [BLM] & unilateral movement [ULM]) and movement velocity($0^{\circ}$/s, $60^{\circ}$/s, $120^{\circ}$/s) at maximum effort, and to elucidate the relationship between a left/right asymmetry and bilateral deficit. A total of 18 healthy males participated in the study. Each participant performed maximum knee extension bilaterally and unilaterally while the EMG and moment were recorded, and then the relationships between the asymmetry and bilateral deficit were analyzed. The peak moments for the isokinetic motion at $60^{\circ}$/s and $120^{\circ}$/s and overall muscle activities of lower extremity were significantly reduced for the BLM in comparison to the ULM. And though the asymmetry in ULM were maintained during BLM at all velocities, the bilateral deficits at the velocity of $0^{\circ}\acute{y}$/s and $120^{\circ}\acute{y}$/s were significantly correlated with increased asymmetries of muscle strength in ULM. In conclusion, the reduction in the muscle strength exhibited in bilateral knee extension was shown to arise partially from a reduction in muscle activity, and left/right asymmetry was found to be associated with mechanical reduction in bilateral movement. These findings suggest that training aimed at increasing muscle strength must involve methods and strategies intended to reduce left/right asymmetry.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2018

Purpose - With the improvement of people's living standards, traveling abroad has become a common way for people to release the pressure of life and work. In economics, this kind of way can affect the international trade. Because of this background, this paper sets BRICS countries as an example to explore the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Research design, data, and Methodology - The annual time series data sets form 1998 to 2016 are used to perform an empirical analysis under a series of econometric approaches such as the Phillips-Perron test and the Engle-Granger two-step test. In this paper, the cross-border tourism and the bilateral trade will be used to conduct an empirical analysis based on the econometric approaches to analyze the impact of cross-border tourism on bilateral trade. Results - The finding of this paper show that there is a long-run relationship between cross-border tourism and bilateral trade in this sample. Moreover, the cross-border tourism is the Granger causality of bilateral trade. Namely, the cross-border tourism can promote the development of bilateral trade. Conclusions - In short, the evidences that this paper presents show that the cross-border tourism is a driving factor that impacts the bilateral trade in the sample of BRICS countries.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.147-152
• /
• 1996

For advanced head and neck cancers that originate in midline structures, bilateral neck dissection should be considered even if the lymph nodes were negative clinically. But, many complications and mortalities may occur in synchronous bilateral neck dissection at sacrifing of both internal jugular vein. Therefore several types of bilateral neck dissection have been proposed, but the effective and safe methods were not determined yet. So, we have prefered the method of synchronous bilateral neck dissection with preserving one internal jugular vein at least. We operated 21 patients who might be expected high incidences of bilateral neck metastases with above type of neck dissection. We analyzed the data of 21 cases(42 sides) retrospectively. The results were as follows: 1) The primary sites were transglottic(33%), supraglottic(29%), hypopharynx(29%) and tongue base(9%). 2) Types of neck dissection were RND(4 sides), MND(7 sides), FND(16 sides), and SND (15 sides). 3) Postoperative complications were minimal and did not influenced morbidity. 4) Mean interval time of neck recurrence was 21 months. Overall neck recurrent rate after bilateral neck dissecton was 19%. In 19%, neck recurrence from positive lymph nodes was 63% and from negative lymph nodes was 37%. As a results, synchronous bilateral neck dissection with preservation of one internal jugular vein minimally should be done in cases which were suspected high incidence of bilateral lymph node metastases for cure and prevention of neck recurrence.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.238-249
• /
• 2002

Facial palsy is commonly encountered disease in the clinic but bilateral facial palsy is known as rare disease. Type of facial nerve paralysis include unilateral, recurrent ipsilateral, recurrent alternating and bilateral simultaneous palsies. Among the types, the reported incidence of bilateral simultaneous palsy is 0.3~2% of facial paralysis patients. We experienced I case of patient with bilateral simultaneous facial palsy that was concluded as bilateral bell's palsy. Objective : The purpose of this paper is to report the patient with bilateral facial palsy, who improved by oriental medical treatment. Another purpose is to review the current literature and to differential diagnosis of bilateral facial paralysis. Methods and Results : The patient was treated by acupuncture, herb medication and self-massage on facial muscle for 14 weeks. House-brackmann grading score was improved into I/I (Rt/Lt) from IV/IV. Conclusion : Through reviewing some literatures and reports, It is concluded that bilateral facial palsy was related to many other disorders and more ominous than unilateral facial palsy. therefore, its work-up should include a complete neurologic assesment and thorough evaluation. also, we consider that bilateral Bell's palsy can improve by oriental medical treatments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2013.06a
• /
• pp.270-273
• /
• 2013

잡음이 존재하는 환경에서 이미지의 경계와 디테일을 살리는 것은 잡음을 제거하는 것에 있어서 가장 중요한 요소중의 하나이다. 이를 위한 방법 중 한가지는 Bilateral 필터를 이용하여 영상 잡음 제거를 하면서 영상의 경계와 디테일을 보존하는 방법이다. Bilateral 필터의 이러한 특성 때문에 최근 Bilateral 필터를 통한 영상 잡음 제거에 대한 연구가 한창 진행되고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 Bilateral 필터의 장점인 경계와 디테일을 부각시키는 능력을 개선하기 위해 가장 간단하다고 많이 알려진 영상의 경계 검출 알고리듬을 이용하여 더욱 효과적인 Bilateral 필터를 통한 영상 잡음 제거를 연구 개발하였다.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.289-299
• /
• 2010

Back ground & Objectives : Bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss(SSNHL) is very rare disease. This is the first case report in the oriental medical literature. This study describes a case of bilateral SSNHL with incomplete recovery. Methods : We treated 1 patient who had SSNHL sequentially in both ears. He received oriental and western medical treatments for more than 2 weeks and measured the hearing recovery. For diagnosis on this case, pure tone audiometry was used. The degree of improvement was evaluated by Siegel's Criteria. Results & Conclusions : This patient discharged without hearing improvement. For bilateral SSNHL patients, the result of treatment is important for their qualities of life. But the recovery rate of hearing in bilateral SSNHL is lower than unilateral SSNHL. The oriental medical therapy had some theraputic effects on SSNHL and the theraputic effects on bilateral SSNHL requires further study.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.217-221
• /
• 1991

Bronchiectasis is bilateral in approximately 30% of patients. Although the presence of bilateral bronchiectasis was frequently considered a contraindication to surgical resection due to excessive loss of functional pulmonary parenchyma, it is a correct view that the involved broncho-pulmonary segments are functionless and risks to the as yet uninvolved segments and should be removed if the patient`s pulmonary function is tolerable. We report a case of multisegmental bilateral bronchiectasis treated by bilateral simultaneous pulmonary resection through a median sternotomy. Five bronchiectatic segments were resected, which were right middle lobe, anterobasal segment of the right lower lobe, and lingula of the left upper lobe.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.53-57
• /
• 1973

The swallowing threshold of 40 subjects with bilateral missing of molars was tested. The results were as follows : 1) The swallowing threshold of the patients with bilateral missing of molars was higher than that of the normal control subjects. 2) The swallowing threshold of the patients with bilateral missing of molars was higher than that of the full denture wearer. 3) The swallowing threshold of the patients with bilateral missing of molars was different according to the quality and quantity of the test food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.5-8
• /
• 1995

Bilateral vocal cord palsy is uncommon but is serious because of airway obstruction. Treatments of bilateral vocal cord palsy are initially tracheotomy, vocal cord lateralization and vocal cord reinnervation. Recently, we experienced nerve-muscle pedicle reinnervation in 3 cases of bilateral vocal cord palsy, so reported it with a review of literature.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.117-129
• /
• 2005

We give a generalization of bilateral mock theta functions of order eight and show that they are $F_q$-functions. We also give an integral representation for these functions. We give a relation between mock theta functions of the first set and bilateral mock theta functions of the second set.