• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.159-170
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• 2023

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem is considered as an economically important disease which affects all the growing stages of wheat crop. Therefore, it is important to search some effective management strategies against the spot blotch pathogen. Some synthetic elicitor compounds (salicylic acid, isonicotinic acid, and chitosan) and nano-particles (silver and aluminum) were tested against the pathogen to observe the change in biochemical activity and defense action of wheat plant against spot blotch disease. All the tested elicitor compounds and nano-particles showed a significant increase in activity of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and total phenol over control. The highest increase in activity of peroxidase was recorded at 72 h from chitosan at 2 mM and 96 h from silver nano-particle at 100 ppm. Maximum PPO and total phenol activity were recorded from chitosan at 2 mM and silver nano-particle at 100 ppm as compared to pathogen-treated and healthy control. The lowest percent disease index, lowest no. of spots/leaf, and no. of infected leaves/plant were found in silver nano-particle at 100 ppm and chitosan at 2 mM, respectively. The use of defense inducer compounds results in significantly up-regulated enzymatic activity and reduced spot blotch disease. Therefore, chitosan and silver nano-particle could be used as alternative methods for the management of spot blotch disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.221-223
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• 2012

Prostate cancer (CaP) is a common reproductive cancer among men. This study was conducted to correlate the cancer incidence with Gangetic zone and to correlate the tumor marker prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in serum with different age groups and stage of malignancy. Patients suffering from CaP in the pathology unit of Mahavir Cancer Sansthan (Hospital and Research Centre), Patna, Bihar, India were studied from June 2009 to May 2010. PSA level in the serum of CaP patients was estimated by ELISA method. CaP incidence was highly recorded in Gangetic zone than the non-Gangetic zone. Maximum patients were in the 56 - 75 years age group with a marked predominance. Results of PSA examination showed that serum PSA level was not correlating with the age of patient and stage of malignancy. Significantly, elevated level of more than 10 ng/ml of PSA was recorded among the studied cancer patients. In this study, it is concluded that Gangetic zone habitat have high risk of CaP and elevated level of PSA was marked in Bihar, India.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.949-954
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• 2022

Objective: The present study is aimed at phenotypic characterization and mitochondrial d-loop analysis of indigenous "Diara" buffalo population, which are mostly confined to the villages on the South and North Gangetic marshy plains in the Bihar state of India. These buffaloes are well adapted and are best suited for ploughing and puddling the wet fields meant for paddy cultivation. Methods: Biometric data on 172 buffaloes were collected using a standard flexible tape measure. Animals are medium in size; the typical morphometric features are long head with a broad forehead and moderately long and erect ears. Genomic DNA was isolated from unrelated animals. The mtDNA d-loop 358-bp sequence data was generated and compared with 338 sequences belonging to riverine and swamp buffaloes. Results: Based on the mitochondrial d-loop analysis the Diara buffaloes were grouped along with the haplotypes reported for riverine buffalo. Sequence analysis revealed the presence of 7 mitochondrial D loop haplotypes with haplotype diversity of 0.9643. Five of the haplotypes were shared with established swamp breeds and with Buffalo population of Orissa in India. Conclusion: Morphometric analyses clearly shows distinguishing features like long and broad forehead which may be useful in identification. The germplasm of Diara buffalo is much adapted to the marshy banks of river Ganga and its tributaries. It constitutes a valuable genetic resource which needs to be conserved on priority basis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.117-133
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• 2024

Let 𝓟 = {X_i : i ∈ I} be a partition of a set X. We say that a transformation f : X → X preserves 𝓟 if for every X_i ∈ 𝓟, there exists X_j ∈ 𝓟 such that X_if ⊆ X_j. Consider the semigroup 𝓑(X, 𝓟) of all transformations f of X such that f preserves 𝓟 and the character (map) χ^(f): I → I defined by i_χ^(f) = j whenever X_if ⊆ X_j is bijective. We describe Green's relations on 𝓑(X, 𝓟), and prove that 𝒟 = 𝒥 on 𝓑(X, 𝓟) if 𝓟 is finite. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for 𝒟 = 𝒥 on 𝓑(X, 𝓟). We characterize unit-regular elements in 𝓑(X, 𝓟), and determine when 𝓑(X, 𝓟) is a unit-regular semigroup. We alternatively prove that 𝓑(X, 𝓟) is a regular semigroup. We end the paper with a conjecture.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3949-3953
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• 2012

Head and neck cancers are amongst the commonest malignancies, accounting for approximately 20% of the cancer burden in India. The major risk factors are tobacco chewing, smoking and alcohol consumption, which are all preventable. This retrospective study presents data from the histopathology register for a five year period from 2002-2006 at Patna Medical College and Hospital, a tertiary care hospital drawing patients from the entire Bihar state, the 3rd most populous state of India with the majority of the population residing in rural areas. Incidence rates based on sex, age, site of lesion, including age standardized incidence rates for males and females, with mean age of presentation, distribution of histological variants and year wise trend were calculated. Out of 455 head and neck neoplasias, 241 were benign while 214 were malignant. The most common age group for all malignant biopsies was 7th decade for males and the 5th decade for females. Malignant cases were commoner in males than females with the male:female ratio of 3.1:1, which was found to be statistically significant by the chi-square (${\chi}^2$) test. The crude rate and age standardized incidence rate was 0.05 and 0.06 per 100,000 population respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) contributed about 96% of all cases, with grade I being the most common. Larynx was the most common site for malignancy, the supraglottic region being its most commonly affected sub-site. This observed incidence patterns in the region are a reminder of widespread unawareness, low healthcare utilization with virtually non-existent cancer programs. It also underlines the need to advocate for reliable cost-effective programs to create awareness, for early detection and plan appropriate management strategies. There is a compelling demand for a cancer registry in this region as well as proper implementation of preventive measures to combat this growing threat of cancer, many of whose risk factors are preventable.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.265-279
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• 2017

The climate change has made adverse effects on land surface temperature for many regions of the world. Several climatic studies focused on different downscaling techniques for climatological parameters of different regions. For statistical downscaling of any hydrological parameters, conventional Neural Network Models were used in common. However, it seems that in any modeling study, uncertainty is a vital aspect when making any predictions about the performance. In this paper, Gamma Test is performed to determine the data length selection for training to minimize the uncertainty in model development. Another measure to improve the data quality and model development are wavelet transforms. Hence, Gamma Test with Wavelet decomposed Feedforward Neural Network (GT-WNN) model is developed and tested for downscaled land surface temperature of Patna Urban, Bihar. The results of GT-WNN model are compared with GT-FFNN and conventional Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) model. The effectiveness of the developed models is illustrated by Root Mean Square Error and Coefficient of Correlation. Results showed that GT-WNN outperformed the GT-FFNN and conventional FFNN in downscaling the land surface temperature. The land surface temperature is forecasted for a period of 2015-2044 with GT-WNN model for Patna Urban in Bihar. In addition, the significance of the probable changes in the land surface temperature is also found through Mann-Kendall (M-K) Test for Summer, Winter, Monsoon and Post Monsoon seasons. Results showed an increasing surface temperature trend for summer and winter seasons and no significant trend for monsoon and post monsoon season over the study area for the period between 2015 and 2044. Overall, the M-K test analysis for the annual data shows an increasing trend in the land surface temperature of Patna Urban.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

The present study examines the effects of 30 mg/kg butachlor on the cyanobacterial diversity of rice fields in Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Western Bihar in India. A total of 40 samples were grouped into three classes [(i) acidic, (ii) neutral, and (iii) alkaline soils], based on physicochemical and principle component analyses. Acidic soils mainly harbored Westillopsis, Trichormus, Anabaenopsis, and unicellular cyanobacteria; whereas Nostoc, Anabaena, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, and Aulosira were found in neutral and alkaline soils. Molecular characterization using 16S rRNA PCR and DGGE revealed the presence of 13 different phylotypes of cyanobacteria in these samples. Butachlor treatment of the soil samples led to the disappearance of 5 and the emergence of 2 additional phylotypes. A total of 40 DGGE bands showed significant reproducible changes upon treatment with butachlor. Phylogenetic analyses divided the phylotypes into five major clusters exhibiting interesting links with soil pH. Aulosira, Anabaena, Trichormus, and Anabaenopsis were sensitive to butachlor treatment, whereas uncultured cyanobacteria, a chroococcalean member, Westillopsis, Nostoc, Calothrix, Tolypothrix, Rivularia, Gloeotrichia, Fischerella, Leptolyngbya, and Cylindrospermum, appeared to be tolerant against butachlor at their native soil pH. Butachlor-induced inhibition of nitrogen fixation was found to be 65% (maximum) and 33% (minimum) in the soil samples of pH 9.23 and 5.20, respectively. In conclusion, low butachlor doses may prove beneficial in paddy fields having a neutral to alkaline soil pH.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2004

Twenty-one lowland rice genotypes were evaluated for their stability parameters with respect to grain yield in a multi locational trial at five different sites of Eastern India viz. CRRI, Cuttack (Orissa); OUAT, Bhubaneswar (Orissa); CRS, Masodha (UP); RAU, Pusa (Bihar) and RARS, North Lakhimpur (Assam). Pooled analysis of variance reflects existence of genotype x environment interactions and contribution of both linear and nonlinear components to genotype (G) x environment (E) interactions. Through stability parameter analysis it was found that Rayda $\textrm{B}_3$, CR 778-95 and CR 661-236 were suitable for over all environments where as Sabita, OR 1334-16 and OR 1358-RGA-4 were suitable for rich environments. PSR 1209-2-3-2, CR 780-1937, Ambika, OR 877-ST-4-2 and CR 662-2211 were identified for poor environments.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2011

Micropropagation is an alternative mean of propagation that can be employed in mass multiplication of plants in relatively shorter time. Recent modern techniques of propagation have been developed which could facilitate large scale production of true-to-type plants and for the improvement of the species using genetic engineering techniques in the next century. An overview on the in vitro propagation via meristem culture, regeneration via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is presented. The usefulness of the plants in commercial industry as well as propagation techniques, screening for various useful characteristics and the influence of different cultural conditions in the multiplication, rooting and acclimatization phases on the growth of tissue cultured plant discussed.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.193-204
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• 2009

A 10.4-m high highway embankment retained behind mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls is under construction in the northeastern part of the Indian state of Bihar. The structure is constructed with compacted, micaceous, grey, silty sand, reinforced with polyester (PET) geogrids, and faced with reinforced cement concrete fascia panels. The connections between the fascia panels and the geogrids failed on several occasions during the monsoon seasons of 2007 and 2008 following episodes of heavy rainfall, when the embankment was still under construction. However, during these incidents the MSE embankment itself remained by and large stable and the collateral damages were minimal. The observational data during these incidents presented an opportunity to develop and calibrate a simple procedure for estimating rainfall induced pore water pressure development within MSE embankments constructed with backfill materials that do not allow unimpeded seepage. A simple analytical finite element model was developed for the purpose. The modeling results were found to agree with the observational and meteorological records from the site. These results also indicated that the threshold rainwater infiltration flux needed for the development of pore water pressure within an MSE embankment is a monotonically increasing function of the hydraulic conductivity of backfill. Specifically for the MSE embankment upon which this study is based, the analytical results indicated that the instabilities could have been avoided by having in place a chimney drain immediately behind the fascia panels.