• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the typical composition of food waste from municipal solid wastes (MSW) and unit food waste generation rates from different sources in the model cities and to study the food waste management system from unit household to composting facilities. The annual average food waste composition of MSW was determined as 49% in Taejon and 52% in Chungnam Province, respectively. No big difference in food waste composition was found among the different sources. Since the paper waste generally occupied the half of food waste, over 75% of MSW was found to be compostable or biodegradable. Per capita food waste generation rate, 200~250g/capita day was determined by the direct measurement from 32 households, while 380g/capita day for Chungnam Province and 400 g/capita day for Taejon were estimated by the load count analysis In the sanitary landfills. This difference means people contribute generating food waste at outside house approximately twice as much as that at inside house. Per capita food waste generation rates from several sources were determined as follows; 166~215g/capita day at municipalities, 400g/visitor day at a first class hotel, 170g/student day at a university restaurant. Food waste generation from restaurant was strongly dependant upon it's level or quality; 670g/capita day at the high level restaurant, 190g/capita day at the middle class and 60 g/capita day at the lower class restaurant. The food waste reduction rate in a In situ fermentor showed 30~40g/kg day.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.533-546
• /
• 2003

for the low information goods which will be traded through Internet is impossible to manage with previously existed payment system. The reason is that it's not economic because the management cost is bigger than the benefit of the information goods trade. Therefore, recently, there have been micropaymentresearches such as "Milicent", "PayWord", "MicroMint", and "iKP", etc. Though these methods don't have any problem with the low cost of the mechanism and the satisfaction of adequate security, they have big problem with the use of the unnecessary account and the aggregation of payment bill. The PayHash system which has been developed in this study simplifies the system's mechanism with "one-way hash function" which is used in generation, payment, and verification of the bill. And the system removed the generation and use of unnecessary account by making one customer have one account. The system solve the problem of the payment aggregation by using the last payment hash value and its index. And the system improves its performance by reducing the use of "digital signature" drastically, as well. As the result of this study, the PayHash system made it possible for the participants of the Internet Commerce to trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.o trade the lowest cost goods through efficient maintenance.

• Proceedings of the Korean DIstribution Association Conference
• /
• 2006.02a
• /
• pp.43-78
• /
• 2006

While trust and commitment, essential ingredients of the relationship quality variables, are core mediating variables for the purpose of maintaining the long-term relationship, in the context of the internal political economy of company and the relational performance of its members, there have been limited studies which explore as to how each of the dimensions have affect differently. The basic purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between an automobile manufacturer and its agencies. The main purpose of this study is to examine how each different dimension of trust and commitment on the automobile manufacturer have different mediating effects in the context of internal political economy variables and relational performance perceived by its agents. Another purpose is to investigate the mechanism by which the relational performance of the agencies is improved. An empirical study surveying 115 sales office managers at a leading automobile manufacturer in Korea was conducted. An analysis of the collected data indicates that while internal political economy variables have a positive influence on the agencies' relational performance through the mediating role of trust and commitment, agencies' benevolence on its headquarter has a different influence on the dimensions of commitment. Currently, an automobile manufacturer is advised to implement the relational management philosophy in dealing with its agencies with an hope of innovative orientation for customers. In this sense, this study is a big stride in providing ample implications for the automobile manufacturer in establishing trust and commitment, which are the prerequisite conditions in developing and maintaining a successful long-term relationship with its agencies, and in improving the agency's relational performance.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.89-98
• /
• 1989

In order to produce antibody for use in radioimmunoassay of gastrin in physiological concentration, four rabbits of New Zealand white were immunized with synthetic human gastrin-17-I conjugated to hemocyanin with EDC. Among them, only one rabbit produced antibody that could bind 50% of $^{125}I-gastrin$ at a final dilution of 1:25,000. $^{125}I-gastrin$ was prepared with synthetic human gastrin-17-I and $NaI^{125}$ by lactoperoxidase technique. The product was then purified on a column of Sephadex Gl5/G5O (7:3, w/w) followed by a column of DEAE sephadex A-25. The specific radioactivity of the purified $^{125}I-gastrin$ was in the range of 347-1429 ${\mu}Ci/nmole$ when determined by the self-displacement method. The effective affinity constant $(K_{eff})$, total binding sites (N), heterogeneity index $({\alpha})$ and average affinity constant $(K_{0})$ of the anti-gastrin serum calculated from Scatchard plot as well as Sips plot were $1.77{\times}10^{11}/M$, 255 nM, 0.84 and $0.79{\times}10^{11}/M$, respectively. When radioimmunoassay was performed with the anti-gastrin serum, it was confirmed that the mean concentration of gastrin immunoreactivity in plasma was increased by feeding in humans and rats, and also increased by bombesin administration in rats. The results indicate that the anti-gastrin serum produced in the present investigation is suitable for radioimmunological determination of gastrin in physiological concentration.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.53 no.6
• /
• pp.824-830
• /
• 2015

The influence of phosphorous precursors, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$, $H_3PO_4$, $(C_2H_5)_3PO_4$, and $P_2O_5$, on the catalytic performance of the $BiFe_{0.65}MoP_{0.1}$ catalysts in the oxidative dehydrogenation of 1-butene to 1,3-butadiene was studied. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, $N_2$-sorption, ICP, SEM and TPRO analyses. It was not observed big difference on the physical properties of catalysts in accordance with used different phosphorous precursors, however, the catalytic performance was largely depended on the nature of the phosphorous precursors. Of various precursors, the $BiFe_{0.65}MoP_{0.1}$ oxide catalyst, which was prepared from a phosphoric acid precursor, showed the best catalytic performance. Conversion and yield to butadiene of the catalyst showed 79.5% and 67.7%, respectively, after 14 h on stream. The cation of phosphorous precursors was speculated to affect the lattice structure of the catalysts during catalyst preparation and this difference was influenced on the re-oxidation ability of the catalysts. Based on the results of TPRO, it was proposed that the catalytic performance could be correlated with re-oxidation ability of the catalysts.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.183-198
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study is to summarize the tropical cyclone (TC) activity of 2008 over the western North Pacific including the verification of the official track and intensity forecast errors of these TCs. The TC activity - frequency, Normalized Typhoon Activity (NTA), and life span - was lower than 58-year (1951-2008) average. 22 tropical cyclones of tropical storm (TS) intensity or higher formed in the western North Pacific and the South China Sea in 2008. The total number is less than 58-year average frequency of 26.4. Out of 22 tropical cyclones, 11 TCs reached typhoon (TY) intensity, while the rest 11 TCs only reached severe tropical storm (STS) and tropical storm (TS) intensity - six STS and five TS storms. One typhoon KALMAEGI (0807) among them affected the Korea peninsula. However, no significant impact - casualty or property damage - was reported. On average of 22 TCs in 2008, the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) official track forecast error for 48 hours was 229 km. There was a big challenge for individual cyclones such as 0806 FENGSHEN and 0817 HIGOS presenting significant forecast error, with both intricate tracks and irregular moving speed. The tropical cyclone season in 2008 began in April with the formation of NEOGURI (0801). In May, four TCs formed in the western North Pacific in response to enhanced convective activity. On the other hand, the TC activity was very weak from June to August. It is found that the unusual anti-cyclonic circulation in the lower level and weak convection near the Philippines are dominant during summertime. The convection and atmospheric circulation in the western North Pacific contributed unfavorable condition for TC activity in the 2008 summertime. The 2008 TC activity has continued the below normal state since mid 1990s which is apparent the decadal variability in TC activity.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.163-185
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to develop the model of constructivist multimedia-assisted instruction(CMAI) and to analyze the effect of it in the secondary school geography. The main results are as follows : (1) The conceptual model of CMAI can be defined as an instruction aiming at making a person who has self-directed learning ability through constructivism and multimedia. The procedural model of CMAI based on PIDA instructional strategy is divided into four stages : prediction & explanation, inquiry activity, discussion & fixation, application & synthesis stage. (2) CMAI is typed by offline CMAI and online CMAI. that is, O/WCMAI(online CMAI by web-based courseware). Offline CMAI is subdivided into P/TCMAI(offline CMAI by presentation-based courseware) and C/RCMAI(offline CMAI by cd-rom based courseware) according to authoring tool and function. (3) Offline constructivist multimedia course-ware(offline courseware) was developed for 2 periods as the material to analyze the effect of CMAI. Offline courseware is received development level of it. (4) After offline courseware being applied to the class, the effect of it according the types of the CMAI instruction(lecture instruction, whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning) was analyzed. As the result of analyzing the descriptive statistics of the level of learning achievement and instruction response, there isn't big relationship between them. As the result of analyzing the inferential statistics of the level of learning achievement, there wasn't significant difference between the types of CMAI instruction in whole student of the classes and certain students who improved their grades. But as the result of analyzing of the level of instruction response, there was significant difference between lecture instruction and other types of the CMAI instruction(whole teaching, individualized learning, cooperative learning).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.508-528
• /
• 1996

The purpose of this study is to analyze the classification of the hierarchy in terms of centrality and the demarcation of shopping areas in the context of goods-purchasing activity in the Kyeong-ju si area (The old Kyeong-ju city and Wol-song Kyn). The basic data for this study include mail questionnaire materials and sources by the on-the-sport survey. The main results of this study are as follows. (1) When forty-two centers within the wide Kyeong-ju area are classified into hierarchies in terms of the functional index and the number of central functions, it is confirmed that there are five hierarchies or classes. Hierachy A is the City of Kyeong-ju. Hierarchy B is the Up of An-gang. Hierarchy Cis made up of three Up of Kam-p'o, Oe-dong and Kon-ch' on. Hierachy D consist of seven Myons and two Ris. Hierarchy E is composed of one Myon and twenty-seven Ris. (2) Hierarchy A has five proper functions of the center. Hierarchy B holds eleven of them. Hierarchy C takes forty-one. Hierarchy D cherish twenty-seven. And hierarchy E has three. Therefor Hierachies C and D have the most functions of all. The threshold populations of the lowest central function is fifty-eight of miscellaneous stores in the central place of Hierarchy E (3) The purchase distance of the central functions of a center becomes farther in the order of barbers' and beauty salons, dental clinics, TV and refrigerator shops, and furniture stores. (4) When the shopping areas are classified according to goods purchase activity, they can be divided into four: the Myon, small Up, big Up, and City areas. Each shopping area can be classified into two categories: the independent areas and compoung areas. The Kyeong-ju city area is the largest city shopping areas of Po-hang and Ull-san are very small.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.154-160
• /
• 2000

The pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy and acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is not fully understood. In the past, acute poststreptococcal glumerulonephritis was the most common cause of gross hematuria in children, but now IgA nephropathy is the most common one. We experienced two cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposing to IgA nephropathy in boys Case 1 had upper respiratory infection before elevation of anti-streptolysin O, generalized edema, gross hematuria and proteinuria. The complement levels were normal. Electron microscopic findings of renal biopsy at ten days after onset showed a few big subepithelial 'humps' and localized heavy subendothelial and mesangial deposits. Immunofluoroscopic findings revealed predominant IgA deposition in the mesangium. The electron microscopic findings were diagnostic of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis On the other hand, immunoflorescence microscopic findings were compatible to IgA nephropathy. In case 2, the renal biopsy which was done 2 years after onset showed only finding of IgA nephropathy. To our knowledges, there has been kw reports of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposing to IgA nephropathy which was confirmed by renal biopsy. We report two cases of acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis superimposing: to IgA nephropathy with a brief review of the literatures.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate agronomic characteristics such as growth, quality, and yields of StMyb1R-1 transgenic potato and also to obtain the basic data for establishing assessment guidelines of transgenic potato. Three transgenic lines (Myb 1, Myb 2, and Myb 8) were cultivated under conventional irrigation, drought condition, and severe drought condition and were analyzed by comparing with wild type, non-transgenic cv. Superior. Myb 2 showed a different flower color from wild type and Myb 1 had much bigger secondary leaflets than wild type. Myb 1 and Myb 2 showed higher $P_2O_5$ content in both top and root zone and longer shaped tubers than wild type. In yield factors, transgenic lines had more tubers than wild type, however their yield decreases were severe because of the poor enlargement of tuber under water deficit condition. This tendency was noticeable in Myb 1 and Myb 2. In TR ratio, chlorophyll content, dry matter rate, and relative water content, there were no big differences between transgenic lines and wild type. Meanwhile, in phenotype, growth, quality, and yield factors, substantial equivalent was confirmed between Myb 8 and wild type. Then, Myb 8 showed the highest marketable tuber yield under conventional irrigation, while showed lower level than wild type under water deficit. Judged by this result, the enhancing droughttolerance by StMyb1R-1 gene might actually not mean the enhancement of photosynthesis or starch accumulation in tuber and, furthermore, not the yield improvement. More detailed research will be required to accurately understand the relationship between StMyb1R-1 and yield factors.