• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.135-166
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• 2008

This paper reports the empirical results of comparing the willingness to pay(WTP) for health risk reductions and the willingness to accept(WTA) for risk increases using experimental market methods in the first time in Korea. Health risks were defined as probabilities of premature death from exposure to one of As, Pb, and THM in tap water. A total of six experimental markets with 15 participants in each experiments were held using 20 repetitive Vickrey second-price sealed-bid auctions. To compare the effects of market experiences, trading a marketed good, candy bar, was introduced before the trading the non-marketed good, drinking water risks. Moreover, an objective risk information was provided after the first 10 trials to incorporate learning processes. Regardless of marketed or non-marketed goods, the mean of WTA exceeded the mean of WTP at the first auction trial. As experimental trials proceeded, the disparity between WTA and WTP for marketed goods disappeared. However results for non-marketed goods were rather mixed to the extent that WTA for health risks from As (relatively high risk leves) were significantly larger than WTP, while there were no significant difference between WTA and WTP for health risks fro Pb and THM (relatively low risk levels). On the other hand, participants seemed to respond in a 'rational' manner to the objective risk information provided, with positive learning effects of market-like experience(especially in the WTA experiments).

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.471-480
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• 2023

The Korean construction order volume in South Korea grew significantly from 91.3 trillion won in public orders in 2013 to a total of 212 trillion won in 2021, particularly in the private sector. As the size of the domestic and overseas markets grew, the scale and complexity of EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) projects increased, and risk management of project management and ITB (Invitation to Bid) documents became a critical issue. The time granted to actual construction companies in the bidding process following the EPC project award is not only limited, but also extremely challenging to review all the risk terms in the ITB document due to manpower and cost issues. Previous research attempted to categorize the risk terms in EPC contract documents and detect them based on AI, but there were limitations to practical use due to problems related to data, such as the limit of labeled data utilization and class imbalance. Therefore, this study aims to develop an AI model that can categorize the contract terms based on the FIDIC Yellow 2017(Federation Internationale Des Ingenieurs-Conseils Contract terms) standard in detail, rather than defining and classifying risk terms like previous research. A multi-text classification function is necessary because the contract terms that need to be reviewed in detail may vary depending on the scale and type of the project. To enhance the performance of the multi-text classification model, we developed the ELECTRA PLM (Pre-trained Language Model) capable of efficiently learning the context of text data from the pre-training stage, and conducted a four-step experiment to validate the performance of the model. As a result, the ensemble version of the self-developed ITB-ELECTRA model and Legal-BERT achieved the best performance with a weighted average F1-Score of 76% in the classification of 57 contract terms.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.89-109
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• 2008

Korean card firms suffered harsh setbacks due to high credit defaults in 2002 and 2003, after issuing cards recklessly. Their key principle is changed to grow without damaging profitability and financial soundness. However, competition in the credit card market is heating up rapidly. Bank-affiliated card firms, having stronger sales networks and more capital than independent issuers, have increased their investments in card affiliates in a bid to develop new cash cows. Moreover, newly emerging independent card firms have waged fiercer campaigns to raise their credit card market share. In order to overcome these business conditions, S-card has settled on a strategy that focuses on stepping up marketing aimed at increasing charge card spending rather than credit card loans or cash lending services. Accordingly, S-card reformed the current business classification system of merchants, which was out-of-dated and originally built for the purpose of deciding merchant service fees only. They also drove customer segmentation planning to deliver the right customers to the right merchants. In this paper, we emphasize the problems of business classification systems of merchants with which most credit card firms have faced, and the need for reforming them not only to provide customer-tailored services but also to raise their business promotion excellence by reviewing S-card's process of customer segmentation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the influential factors of the marital satisfaction of Korean couples and international couples and the impact of related variables involving marital equity and marital conflicts on marital satisfaction in a bid to give some suggestions on how to keep on leading a happy married life. A survey was conducted from July to September, 2010, and the answer sheets from 79 Korean couples and 79 international couples who numbered 316 were analyzed except for the incomplete answer sheets. The women of the international couples got the best mean scores. When the men and women of the international couples were compared, the women scored significantly higher than the men, which showed that the former group found themselves to put more investment in their marital relationship. Concerning ways of coping with marital conflicts in the groups, conflict intervention by oneself was most prevalent among the men of the international couples and least among the women of the Korean couples. Regarding sex-role attitude and communication, there were no significant differences in sex-role attitude. As to marital satisfaction, the men of the Korean couples got the highest mean scores, and the women of the international couples scored lowest. When the correlation analysis was conducted, the variable that had the closest correlation to marital satisfaction overall was positive problem solving by the spouse(.469), followed by conflict intervention by the spouse(-.453), positive problem solving by oneself(.451), the academic credential of the spouse(.443) and one's own retreat from conflict(-.409). As a result of making the regression analysis to find out which variables affected marital satisfaction, the most predictable variable was communication scores, followed by conflict intervention by the spouse, positive problem solving by oneself, one's own retreat from conflict, the academic credential of the spouse and psychoemotional equity.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.115-120
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of religious activities on the death anxiety and self appearance, life quilty of senior citizens in a bid to give some suggestions on how the elderly could lead a successful life. The subjects in this study carried out face-to-face interview targeting and convenience sampling 300 elderly people who were aged 65 and over and resided in the city of Gwangju. SPSS 17.0 and AMOS 7.0 programs were used to analyze the collected data. The findings of the study were as follows: First, whether there were any gaps in death anxiety and self appearance, life quality according to the type of religious life was examined, and that made significant differences to life satisfaction(F=9.498, p<.001) and self- esteem(F=9.370, p<.001). But that produced no statistically significant results in association with depression. Second, a confirmatory factor analysis was made to find out the relationship of religion to depression and psychological well-being, and most of their indexes were positive, which proved that the variables had something to do with each other. Last, a path model was analyzed to verify the relationship of the participation of the elderly people in religious activities to their depression and psychological well-being, and the GFI, AGFI, and CFI of the variables were above .80, which lent credibility to the validity of the study.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2014

The factors that affect on the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract was empirically investigated. The theoretical basis for the research was location theory, retail trade-area analysis, bid rent, agglomeration theory, and demand externality theory. The data used in this study included information on goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and passing pedestrians' characteristics in 96 retail trade areas in South korea. As the results, using the hedonic price functions and multi-regression analysis, the independent variables does affect the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in the each retail trade area were goodwills per 3.3 square meters, deposit money per 3.3 square meters, retail rents per 3.3 square meters, and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms at the level of nation. also, the results show goodwills per 3.3 square meters and the number of Small Wholesale Retail Trade Firms are important factors in determining the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract in seoul. In summary, not only the economic conditions in the retail trade area but also the passing pedestrian count should be considered to determine the ratio of monthly rent to total rents in commercial real estate lease contract.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.105-117
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• 2007

In order to succeed in a bid or development, the project manager should estimate its cost and schedule more accurately in the early stage of the project. Usually, the nominal schedule of most projects can be derived from rule of thumb, first-order estimation practice, or ball-park schedule estimation table. But the rule-of-thumb models for the nominal schedule estimation are so various, and the first-order estimation practice does not provide sufficient information. So they do not help much to decide on the proper development effort and schedule for a particular size of project. This paper presents a statistical regression model for deciding the development effort and schedule of a project using the ball-park schedule estimation table. First, we have redefined such words suggested in the ballpark schedule estimation table as shortest possible schedule, efficient schedule and nominal schedule, Next, we have investigated the relationship between the development effort and the schedule. Finally, we have suggested a model for estimating the development effort and the more accurate schedule of such particular sizes of software as are not presented in the ball-park schedule estimation table. The experimental results show that our proposed regression analysis model decreases the mean magnitude of relative error by 2% at maximum. Also this model can estimated the development effort and schedule for a particular size of software.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.171-183
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• 2013

Domestric Construction & Engineering market has been long in recession due to the global economic crisis. Domestic construction industries consequently looks at overseas construction markets where relatively more construction projects are constantly required. In order to provide meaningful information for Korean engineering companies to keep the pace with the changes in the construction industry, various construction related date and statistics are analyzed. In addition, previous research from the related organizations and construction engineering companies are closely reviewed. Investigation of preliminary data and research have been conducted to draw remedies for their overseas expansion. Moreover, it is attempted to classify foreign markets as the Asia, Africa and etc. (Europe, North America/the Pacific and Latin America) to provide the list of first target countries and its regional market information focusing on their bidding system. This study had tried to show comparative analysis of different bidding procedures between Korea and the selected countries to suggest measures of improvements for the domestic bidding system. Finally, this study suggested policy recommendations to meet the requirement of bid qualification to advance the global market that was suggested with validated clustering bidding data.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.478-485
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• 2019

This is an exploratory study to examine factors affecting South Korean companies' intentions to use big data technology and services based on whether the companies use public data or not. This study, using R, conducted chi-squared tests and logistic regression analysis. As a result of the logistic regression analysis, cost reduction had a positive effect on the big data-use intentions in companies that use public data, whereas with companies that do not use public data, customer satisfaction had a positive impact, and support for decision-making had a negative impact on the intention to use big data. Recently, the South Korean government has focused on improving the utilization of public data and big data. However, as a result of this study, the use of public data and big data in South Korea is still insufficient. Yet, considering that the data utilized for this study was created in 2017, additional study using public data and big data is also required.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.422-428
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to survey the relationship of the self-esteem of high school students, their oral health knowledge and practice, AMPQ and life satisfaction in a bid to provide some information on how to lead high school students to get into the right oral health habits. The subjects in this study were the students who were in all the seven senior classes in a high school that was selected by convenience sampling from a city in Gyeonggi province. After a survey was conducted in November, 2010, the following findings were given: There were no significant gaps among the students in every regard according to whether they received academic or vocational education. But the students who received academic education had a better oral health knowledge than the others, though the intergroup gap was not significant. As a result of checking the influence of the variables affecting the oral health practice of the adolescents, AMPQ was identified as the most influential variable, and oral health knowledge and subjective health status also had an impact on oral health practice. There were statistically significant differences according to those variables (p<0.001).