• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.201-205
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• 2024

Currently, the most important issue on the earth is global warming, which causes climate change and leads to disasters. For this reason, each country is focusing on renewable energy, carbon neutrality, environmentally friendly energy and transportation. Bicycles used as short-distance vehicles do not emit gases harmful to the human body that pollute the Earth's atmosphere. Also, the use of bicycles has the effect of improving the health of people, and each country is designing a short distance transportation network using bicycles. In this study, we propose a model of a bicycle power-train that can use a belt as a power transmission medium. The basic principles and methods for applying the proposed new type of power-train to bicycles are presented.

• 한국ITS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.193-198
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• 2008

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2020

This paper presents steering controller for unintended lane departure avoidance under crosswind using vehicle lateral disturbance estimation. Vehicles exposed to crosswind are more likely to deviate from lane, which can lead to accidents. To prevent this, a lateral disturbance estimator and steering controller for compensating disturbance have been proposed. The disturbance affecting lateral motion of the vehicle is estimated using Kalman filter, which is on the basis of the 2-DOF bicycle model and Electric Power Steering (EPS) module. A sliding mode controller is designed to avoid unintended the lane departure using the estimated disturbance. The controller is based on the 2-DOF bicycle model and the vision-based error dynamic model. A torque controller is used to provide appropriate assist torque to driver. The performance of proposed estimator and controller is evaluated via computer simulation using Matlab/Simulink.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.299-306
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• 2018

This study is to measure traveling experience of bike riders whom going long distance trip. Bike paths and bike riding are crucial element for modern people's life style. At the same time, a bicycle trail is being developed by the National Bicycled-Oriented Chair Plan, which was established in 2009 by the National Bike Policy Master Plan. 13 million bike riders in Korea is keep on trying the long distance bike trip and its number is increasing every year. Accordingly, the Ministry of Public Administration and Security decides to promote the convenience of riders by developing bicycle app for long distance rider. The study attempted to assess usability of this app with 39 bike applications whom currently using the bike application. Afterwards, the researchers tests 11 hypotheses through in-depth interviews of six activated members. In sum, Bicycle travelers should be provided with bike trail guidance based on theme section skill, provided in-time speed distance related information, communicated with other bike riders, given tips for bike supplies and maintenance, and provided English language service. The study hopes to help find a customized service for bike travelers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4877-4883
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• 2012

As a basic research for revitalization of cycling that is emerging as a means of green transportation, this study aims to analyze the impact of neighbourhood environmental factor perceived by the local residents on cycling satisfaction as the concern for energy and environmental issues is increasing. For this, a survey was conducted through a questionnaire to the residents in Sangju-si and the impact of the perceived neighbourhood environmental factor to cycling satisfaction with ordered logit model was analyzed. The result showed that the factors such as quality of bicycle lane, quality of bicycle conveniences, accessibility of major conveniences, safety of cycling and amenity of street made a significant impact on cycling satisfaction. Based on such result, this study suggested the considerations to be made in designing a cycling environment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 1999

Objective : Cardiopulmonary exercise testing in patients with heart and lung problems is used to assess functional capacity, evaluate responses to medical treatment, plan for exercise therapy, assess progression of disease process, and determine prognosis. Particularly in the patients with lung cancer, the exercise pulmonary function test gives significant physiologic assessment of the lung resection candidate. Common exercise modalities are running and cycling. Until now, the comparison of two tests mainly has been done in normal person and patients with cardiac diseases. This study is designed to compare the treadmill and bicycle exercise pulmonary function test in patients with respiratory diseases. Methods : Twenty one patients underwent a progressively incremental exercise test to the symptom-limited stage with the treadmill (Vmax29 Sensor Medics, USA) and the bicycle(model No. 2,900 Sensor Medics, USA) with 7 days apart between the two tests. Measurements were made of the metabolic, cardiorespiratory parameters, blood gases, and symptoms. Results : The results of the treadmill exercise showed significant elevation in the $VO_2$max, VEmax, and anaerobic threshold compared to those of bicycle exercise. In contrast, the results of the breathing and heart rate reserve showed the reverse. Conclusion : These results suggest that the type of exercise should be taken into consideration when interpreting exercise test in patients with respiratory diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.7 s.196
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• pp.75-82
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• 2007

This paper represents a study on the development of the conceptual design for the bicycle transmission by TRIZ. At first the problem of the transmission of commercial bicycles was analyzed. The problem was defined as "the variable sprocket pitch diameter with respect to the tension change of chain". The conceptual solutions were derived by Su-Field Model Analysis, IFR(Ideal Final Result), SLP(Smart Little People), and Contradiction Matrix. The here developed sprocket prototype shows the automatic change of sprocket pitch diameter with the tension change of chain.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

This study investigates structural and fatigue analyses at bicycle pedal. Maximum deformation at model 1 is 2 times as much as model 2 at static analysis. Models 1 and 2 have the possibility of the weakest strength at the part of contact with chain gear. Among the cases of nonuniform fatigue loads at Models 1 and 2, 'SAE bracket history' with the severest change of load becomes most unstable but 'Sample history' becomes most stable. In case of 'Sample history' with the average stress of 0 to $-10^4$ MPa and the amplitude stress of 0 to $10^4$ MPa, the possibility of maximum damage becomes 4%. This stress state can be shown with 5 to 7 times more than the damage possibility of 'SAE bracket history' or 'SAE transmission'. The analysis result of this study can be effectively utilized with the safe design of pedal.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2013

Strength design for a lightweight bicycle frame made of carbon/epoxy composite laminates was studied using Tsai-Wu's failure criterion. For the design of bicycle frames, reducing the weight of the frame is of great importance. Furthermore, the frame should satisfy the required strength under specific loading cases. In accordance with the European EN 14764 standard for bicycle frames, three loading cases-pedaling, vertical, and level loadings-were investigated in this study. Because of the anisotropic characteristics of composite materials, it is important to decide the appropriate stacking sequence and the number of layers to be used in the composite bicycle frame. From finite element analysis results, the most suitable stacking sequence of the fiber orientation and the number of layers were determined. The stacking sequences of $[0]_{8n}$, $[90]_{8n}$, $[0/90]_{2ns}$, $[{\pm}45]_{2ns}$, $[0/{\pm}45/90]_{ns}$ (n = 1, 2, 3, 4) were used in the analysis. The results indicated that the $[0/{\pm}45/90]_{3s}$ lay-up model was suitable for a composite bicycle frame. Furthermore, the weakest point and layer were investigated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2013.05a
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• pp.335-336
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• 2013