• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.185-187
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• 2012

Ga doped ZnO (GZO)/copper (Cu) bi-layered film was deposited on glass substrate by RF and DC magnetron sputtering and then the effect of the Cu bottom layer on the optical, electrical and structural properties of GZO films were considered. As-deposited 100 nm thick GZO films had an optical transmittance of 82% in the visible wavelength region and a sheet resistance of 4139 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, while the GZO/Cu film had optical and electrical properties that were influenced by the Cu bottom layer. GZO films with 5 nm thick Cu film show the lower sheet resistance of 268 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$ and an optical transmittance of 65% due to increased optical absorption by the Cu metallic bottom layer. Based on the figure of merit, it can be concluded that the thin Cu bottom layer effectively increases the performance of GZO films as a transparent and conducting electrode without intentional substrate heating or a post deposition annealing process.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.321-323
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• 2013

100 nm thick Ga doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were deposited with DC and RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature on glass substrate and Al coated glass substrate, respectively. and the effect of the Al underlayer on the optical and electrical properties of the GZO films was investigated. As-deposited GZO single layer films had an optical transmittance of 80% in the visible wavelength region, and sheet resistance of 1,516 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, while the optical and electrical properties of GZO/Al bi-layered films were influenced by the thickness of the Al buffer layer. GZO films with 2 nm thick Al film show a lower sheet resistance of 990 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, and an optical transmittance of 78%. Based on the figure of merit (FOM), it can be concluded that the thin Al buffer layer effectively increases the performance of GZO films as a transparent and conducting electrode without intentional substrate heating or a post deposition annealing process.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.74-79
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• 2000

In an attempt to estimate the wetting properties of wettable metal layers by wetting balance method, an analysis of wetting curves of the coating layer was performed. Based on the analysis, wetting properties of UBM-coated Si-plate were estimated by the new wettability indices. The wetting curves of the one and both sides-coated UBM layers have the similar shape and show the similar tendency to the temperature. So the wetting property estimation of one side coating is possible with wetting balance method. For UBM of Si-chip, Cr/Cu/Au UBM is better than Ti/Ni/Au in the point of wetting time. At general reflow temperature, the wettability of high melting point solders(Sn-Sb, Sn-Ag) is better than that of few melting point ones(Sn-Bi, Sn-In).The contact angle of the one side coated plate to the solder can be calculated from the farce balance equation by measuring the static state force and the tilt angle.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-102
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• 2007

A large number of FRP decks are already in service worldwide because the lighter FRP-based bridge decks are ideal for rapid construction to reduce the dead load of superstructures. And the proper design process is demanded for the effective FRP deck application. In this paper, to get the basic prototype of FRP bridge decks, the ratio of individual parameters, which compose the specification of FRP bridge decks, are determined by a finite element analysis. In addition, optimum FRP deck shapes are determined considering complex constraints and material properties of bi-directional characteristics. Upon these results, the prototype of FRP bridge decks is validated.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

The present research was conducted to determine insecticidal activity of methanol extract and its fractions from the fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves grown under different cropping conditions, glasshouse, plastic house, and outdoor. Methanol extracts from fig loaves grown at outdoor showed higher insecticidal activity (80 to 89%) against Tetranychus urticae than those at plastic house or glass house. Especially ethylacetate and hexane fractions from methanol extracts of fig leaves grown at outdoor exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae, showing 92% and 90% control, respectively. The results suggest that methanol extract and its fractions from outdoor-grown fig leaves had the potent insecticidal activity as a plant-based insect control mean.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.27-31
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• 2004

This paper describes the development and fabrication of a high temperature superconducting motor which consists of HTS rotor and air-core stator. The machine was designed for the rated power of 100hp at 1800 rpm. The HTS field windings are composed of the double-pancake coils wound with AMSC's SUS-reinforced Bi-2223 tape conductor. These were assembled on the support structure and fixed by a bandage of glass-fiber composite. The cooling system is based on the heat transfer mechanism of the thermosyphon by using GM cryocooler as cooling source. The cold head is in contact with the condenser of a Ne-filled thermosyphon. The rotor assembly was tested independently at the stationary state and combined with stator. Characteristic parameters such as reactances, inductances, and time constants were determined to obtain a consistent overview of the machine operation properties. This motor has met all design parameters by demonstrating HTS field winding, cryogenic refrigeration systems and an air-core armature winding cooled with air. The HTS field winding could be cooled down below 30K. No-load test of open-circuit characteristics(OCC) and short-circuit characteristics(SCC) and load test with resistive load bank were conducted in generator mode. Maximum operating current of field winding at 30K was 120A. From OCC and SCC test results synchronous inductance and synchronous reactance were 2.4mH, 0.49pu, respectively. Efficiency of this HTS machine was 93.3% in full load(100hp) test. This paper will present design, construction, and basic experimental test results of the 100hp HTS machine.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.356-360
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• 2011

Indium oxide ($In_2O_3$) single layer and $In_2O_3$/copper (Cu) bi-layer films were prepared on glass substrates by RF and DC magnetron sputtering without intentional substrate heating. In order to determine the effect of the Cu bottom layer on the optical, electrical and structural properties of $In_2O_3$ films, 3-nm-thick Cu film was deposited on the glass substrate prior to deposition of the $In_2O_3$ films. As-deposited $In_2O_3$ films had an optical transmittance of 79% in the visible wavelength region and a sheet resistance of 2,300 ${\Omega}/{\square}$, while the $In_2O_3$/Cu film had optical and electrical properties that were influenced by the Cu bottom layer. $In_2O_3$/Cu films had a lower sheet resistance of 110 ${\Omega}/{\square}$ and an optical transmittance of 71%. Based on the figure of merit, it can be concluded that the Cu bottom layer effectively increases the performance of $In_2O_3$ films for use as transparent conducting oxides in flexible display applications.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.852-857
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• 2010

This study was performed to explore the effect of the clay mineral illite on the improvement of bed soil and plant growth. Red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was used as a model vegetable crop. The experiment was performed during the whole six weeks in the glass house of the Chungbuk National University. Its seedlings were cultivated in the bed soil normally used for horticultural purpose. Of the seedlings cultured, the healthy and regular size of seed were selected and cultivated in the pots. They were treated with two forms of illite, particulate (PA) and powder (PW), at the following application rates: standard application[P1 (PA1, PW1), 1:20 (w/w)], two times[P2 (PA2, PW2), 1:10 (w/w)], and four times[P4 (PA4, PW4), 1:5 (w/w)] of standard application. Untreatment (P0) was used as a control pot. At six weeks of cultivation, their growth lengths were correspondingly increased as the application rate was increased ranging from P0, P1, P2, and to P4. Their growth length was a little greater on the application of powder illite (PW) than on the particulate illite (PA). Based on the plant analysis for the root, leaf, stem of red pepper, the uptake amounts of K, Ca, and Mg, were correspondingly increased, as the application rate was increased ranging from P0, P1, P2, and to P4, respectively. At the same application rate, their amounts taken up in the respective parts were higher on the application of PW illite than on the PA one. Especially the amounts of Ca and Mg were higher in the stem, leaf than root. Consequently, it appears that the illite treatment, especially, PW form of illite, enhance the growth of red pepper in the glass house during the whole six weeks of experiment.