• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
• /
• v.18 no.4 s.42
• /
• pp.25-38
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the education effect of eating habit unit in 'technology home economics' upon nutrition knowledge eating befavour of students. The eating habit unit in 'technology home economics' was taught with respect to 509 middle school 1st grade students, and preference acknowledgement were examined. Education effect was also examined by analyzing the changes in nutrition knowledge and eating befavour due to the education. Study results revealed that the level of acknowledgement for eating habit unit was positive while majority of the students thought that education contents were emphasized on the theory mainly because of insufficient class hours. Therefore, in order to let students know them better and make the best use of them, it is required to increase the class hours and research opportunity for practice class related with daily life. Through the middle school 'technology home economics' eating habit unit education, positive effect in part of eating habit area was observed and nutrition knowledge was enhanced after the education in both male and female students group. Judging from the results, less enhancement was observed in eating habit compared to the nutrition knowledge increase. Therefore, it can be concluded that continuous and a long range nutrition education is needed to transform the acquired nutrition knowledge into eating habit.

• Journal of Korean Society of societal Security
• /
• v.1 no.3
• /
• pp.59-67
• /
• 2008

The most influential facility causing traffic disaster on the urban road is intersection. Accordingly, this study elected a region for case study from seabang three-way junction, partial section of Dongmoon Ro in Kwang-Ju city, to the intersection of Mudeung Library Entrance. It is believed that the signal progression is very effective on the basis of short interval of intersection and massive traffic volume. The signal progression was simulated by using TRANSYT-7F model. The following is summary of the simulation: According to the change of cycle length, P.I. delay and fuel consumption showed the tendency of being increased in case that cycle length becomes long or short, centering around the best cycle length. In the event of progressing the cycle length, the average speed per vehicle is increased by 11.39Km per hour and P.I value is improved by 40.65% so that it resulted in 42.86% improvement in the total travel time. Moreover, the fuel consumption in line with the progression practice produced fuel saving of 31.04%.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.237-260
• /
• 2014

This research aims to find out what pre-service teachers are seriously concerned about and what they contemplated during the process of discovering the meanings of teaching, and to reveal the meanings compiled by the pre-service teachers. Furthermore, this research intends to identify the elements considered to help the pre-service teachers continue to construct the meanings of teaching in the education for pre-service daycare teachers by reviewing the process of contemplation. To do so, this study selected a target group of 29 seniors of M University who took the class of 'Teaching Method for Young children' given in the first semester of 2012 and 'Child Care and teaching Practice' given in the second semester of 2012. Research data collection was done based on the paper materials on participant observation, interview, student journals and professor feedbacks and small group discussion. According to the research, the pre-service teachers created the meanings of teaching as they experience confusion between one extreme to another of power and looking easy, having children focused and being focused, just giving and leaving and discrimination and equality. They considered teaching as a process of continuous reconstruction by choosing the best place between the opposites within the context of teaching and understood that teaching is to respect the right of learning for children and at the same time to make efforts to develop inner-self. In addition, to support the pre-service daycare teachers in their efforts to find the nature of teaching in the education program, it is required to review the teaching process from a variety of aspects in the atmosphere where they are not afraid of confusion, and to provide time to meditate alone and share ideas with others.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.1
• /
• pp.94-106
• /
• 1980

The issue presented in this paper are as follows: 1. Legislative actions of welfare-related law for the exceptional children. The legislative base for the evolution has been yet weak and ambigous at best for a formalization of what should be considered accepted practice and effective action in providing handicapped child and their parents educational rights and equal protection of the law. And they are under remote control of partial factor subject to social welfare law for children, and public law for education, promotion law for the exceptional child education, protection law for public aids. 2. Organization of government for the welfare services for the exceptional children. There is no sing of a push toward consolidation of effort for the welfare service of the exceptional children in this country that seeks to recapture a sense of unity, of coherence, of completeness from a reality made up of discontinuous fragments of humanitarian effora This presently that. as for the education of the exceptional child, by the section of the exceptional education in MOE (Ministry of Education), and/or as for welfare services and promotion actions, by the section of child welfare in MHSA (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). One door type operation rooted in the specialization, and limited resources to evolve multi-purpose agencies that undertake to provide a broad range of tangible and concrete services, as well as supportive counselling and assessment, under a single management which plans and directs the allocations of resources, should be followed. 3. Facilities and recruitment of teachers for the exceptional children. In this country there are 54 facilities for special services, 56 schools for the exceptional education, and 3 colleges and equavalents that provide teacher training services leading to certification with IIO annual graduates. However, curriculum for exceptional children should be rearranged and reconstructed. Conclusion; Only as for social welfare institutions in community, this country produced a succession of specific purpose activities, over period of time, that accumulated to form the present network of hundreds of social welfare organizations and facilities Periodically major efforts were launched to revitalize or to improve the help-giving system. But they lack specialization to be effective, and the nature of multi-purpose center tends to be vague for the classified handicapped. Therefore, there, should be linkage between policy maker and community services to maintain some coherenty in preventive care, treatment, and after cares. At last, the effects of the current concept "the exceptional child" involved with their families, and their neighborhood should be considered in view of the people who consist about 25% of the total population.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.241-241
• /
• 2008

Macrofore formation in silicon and other semiconductors using electrochemical etching processes has been, in the last years, a subject of great attention of both theory and practice. Its first reason of concern is new areas of macropore silicone applications arising from microelectromechanical systems processing (MEMS), membrane techniques, solar cells, sensors, photonic crystals, and new technologies like a silicon-on-nothing (SON) technology. Its formation mechanism with a rich variety of controllable microstructures and their many potential applications have been studied extensively recently. Porous silicon is formed by anodic etching of crystalline silicon in hydrofluoric acid. During the etching process holes are required to enable the dissolution of the silicon anode. For p-type silicon, holes are the majority charge carriers, therefore porous silicon can be formed under the action of a positive bias on the silicon anode. For n-type silicon, holes to dissolve silicon is supplied by illuminating n-type silicon with above-band-gap light which allows sufficient generation of holes. To make a desired three-dimensional nano- or micro-structures, pre-structuring the masked surface in KOH solution to form a periodic array of etch pits before electrochemical etching. Due to enhanced electric field, the holes are efficiently collected at the pore tips for etching. The depletion of holes in the space charge region prevents silicon dissolution at the sidewalls, enabling anisotropic etching for the trenches. This is correct theoretical explanation for n-type Si etching. However, there are a few experimental repors in p-type silicon, while a number of theoretical models have been worked out to explain experimental dependence observed. To perform ordered macrofore formaion for p-type silicon, various kinds of mask patterns to make initial KOH etch pits were used. In order to understand the roles played by the kinds of etching solution in the formation of pillar arrays, we have undertaken a systematic study of the solvent effects in mixtures of HF, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), iso-propanol, and mixtures of HF with water on the macrofore structure formation on monocrystalline p-type silicon with a resistivity varying between 10 ~ 0.01 $\Omega$ cm. The etching solution including the iso-propanol produced a best three dimensional pillar structures. The experimental results are discussed on the base of Lehmann's comprehensive model based on SCR width.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2007.11a
• /
• pp.109-113
• /
• 2007

This paper introduces a system, Simulation based Stochastic Markup Estimation System (S2ME), for estimating optimum markup for a project. The system was designed and implemented to better represent the real world system involved in construction bidding. The findings obtained from the analysis of existing assumptions used in the previous quantitative markup estimation methods were incorporated to improve the accuracy and predictability of the S2ME. The existing methods has four categories of assumption as follows; (1) The number of competitors and who is the competitors are known, (2) A typical competitor, who is fictitious, is assumed for easy computation, (3) the ratio of bid price against cost estimate (B/C) is assumed to follow normal distribution, (4) The deterministic output obtained from the probabilistic equation of existing models is assumed to be acceptable. However, these assumptions compromise the accuracy of prediction. In practice, the bidding patterns of the bidders are randomized in competitive bidding. To complement the lack of accuracy contributed by these assumptions, bidding project was randomly selected from the pool of bidding database in the simulation experiment. The probability to win the bid in the competitive bidding was computed using the profile of the competitors appeared in the selected bidding project record. The expected profit and probability to win the bid was calculated by selecting a bidding record randomly in an iteration of the simulation experiment under the assumption that the bidding pattern retained in historical bidding DB manifest revival. The existing computation, which is handled by means of deterministic procedure, were converted into stochastic model using simulation modeling and analysis technique as follows; (1) estimating the probability distribution functions of competitors' B/C which were obtained from historical bidding DB, (2) analyzing the sensitivity against the increment of markup using normal distribution and actual probability distribution estimated by distribution fitting, (3) estimating the maximum expected profit and optimum markup range. In the case study, the best fitted probability distribution function was estimated using the historical bidding DB retaining the competitors' bidding behavior so that the reliability was improved by estimating the output obtained from simulation experiment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.109-131
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study were to a) clarify the current practice of internal marketing by contracted food service management companies, b) analyze the effectiveness of current internal marketing practices. The survey was conducted between October 12 and November 2, 2002 with the 10 contracted food service management companies; 6 large, and 4 small & medium sized companies. No significant difference was existed with the categories of internal marketing. However significant differences were existed with the service education, sanitary education, periodic interviews, rewards for best employees, incentive payments, paid -leave allowances, job function allowances, and position classes including unit manager, dietician and cook of MBO. The actual administration of internal marketing strategies showed that, the significant differences were existed with education, paid-leave, and employee welfare systems among position classes. Also the significant differences were existed with all categories of internal marketing between large and small & medium sized companies. In general, small & medium sized companies score of the internal marketing performance was lower than that of large sized companies. Therefore, the segmented internal marketing strategies depending on the analysis not only demand for employees but also the size of company, were required to be an effectively and efficiently managed contracted food management companies.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.271-283
• /
• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.10
• /
• pp.203-215
• /
• 2013

This study calculated meta Malmquist indices and their bootstraped estimates and then decomposed them into technical efficiency change(TEC), technology change(TC), pure technology catch up(PTCU), frontoer catch up(FCU), using annual data set of general hospitals from year 2007 to 2011 collected by Korean Hospital Association and then analyzed productivity change and technology gap of Korean general hospitals. The results and implications were as follows below. First, public general hospitals showed higher meta technical efficiencies than private general hospitals while exhibited lower technology gap ratio which meant a few large private general hospitals led the whole general hospitals. Second, group productivity of private general hospitals increased larger than public general hospitals due to the differences of PTCU rather than FCU. But, there was no statistically significant differences for technical efficiency, productivity change, technology gap. Thus, public general hospitals played the same role as the private general hospitals in terms of the number of patients treated. But, considering financial hardships of public general hospitals, public hospitals needed to share and learn medical and managerial skills of the best practice of private general hospitals.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study were to factor analyze the 25-item Personal Resource Question-naire (PRQ)-Part II, a social support measure, and to establish construct validity for the instrument among adolescents by relationship found between perceived social support and the theoretically relevant variables of attachment, parent-child relationships, and coping, The sample was consisted of 451 college students, aged 18 to 24. According to the criteria used in this study a four-factor structure, which consisted of 15-items, resulting from a principal components analysis with an oblique rotation, best represented the multidimensionality of the PRQ-Part II of late adolescents in Korea. Evidence in support of construct validity for both the 15-item and 25-item PRQPart II was provided by statistically significant correlations found between the two scales and the theoretically relevant variable of attachment, parent-child relationships, and coping. With the findings of this study, the 15-item Korean version of the PRQ-Part II can be used in research and practice as a reliable and valid instrument measuring perceived social support for late adolescents in Korea.