• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.6 no.1 s.11
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• pp.65-74
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• 1998

The acquisition and analysis system of accurate geometrical digital data is very important in side of maintaining the traditional culture for the preservation of cultural properties. This study is on the construction and shape analysis of precise digital data to manage more successfuly using the CRP method and 3D Mono Mobile System. Also this study could acquisite 3D geometrical digital data, make such various space analysis and section, projection, and calculation of bias, area and volume and modeling by rendering technique on the misterious bell of great king of SungDuck, one of the greatest bells in periods of TongIl Silla. So, We suggest utilization of image analysis method to safety diagnosis for the maintenance of cultural properties, archeological and artistic research.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.98 no.5
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• pp.576-583
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• 2009

Based on the stem analysis and biomass measurement of 36 trees and 1,576 branches in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica (Mongolian pine) plantations of Northeast China, this study was conducted to develop estimation model equation for leaf biomass of a single tree and branch, to examine the vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown, and to evaluate the proportional ratios of biomass by tree parts, stem, branch, and leaf. The results indicated that DBH and crown length were quite appropriate to estimate leaf biomass. The biomass of single branch was highly correlated with branch collar diameter and relative height of branch in the crown, but not much with stand density, site quality, and tree height. Weibull distribution function would have been appropriate to express vertical distribution of leaf biomass. The shape parameters from 29 sample trees out of 36 were less than 3.6, indicating that vertical distribution of leaf biomass in the crown was displayed by bell-shaped curve, a little inclined toward positive side. Apparent correlationship was obtained between leaf biomass and branch biomass having resulted in linear function equation. The stem biomass occupied around 80% and branch and leaf made up about 20% of total biomass in a single tree. As the level of tree class was increased from class I to class V, the proportion of the stem biomass to total biomass was gradually increased, but that of branch and leaf became decreased.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.89-96
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• 2014

This study provides the basic resource for establishing the environment design policies around elementary school for the students and analyzes the actual pedestrian environment conditions of elementary school in order to improve safety of from crime for them. For this, the field survey are conducted on risk of from crime in 10 sidewalks of 5 elementary schoolin Ilsan new town. The result of this are the followings ;1) There are schools which have difference between the height of road and the height of pedestrian path. 2) There are schools which are insufficient distance for securing front sight because of shape of pedestrian path. 3) In entrance there are facilities interfering with natural surveillance within school boundaries such as stone written school motto, storehouse, wash room, doorpost. 4) In entrance there are schools with no security office, emergency bell and CCTV. 4) The openness in the bottom of fence is lower than that of upper because of shrubs and material of fence. 5) There are concealed places and cars in back gate area interfering with natural surveillance.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.148-154
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• 2020

The radiation induced segregation of Cr at grain boundaries (GBs) in Ferritic/Martensitic steels was modeled assuming vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion mechanisms. In particular, the dependence of segregation on temperature and grain boundary misorientation angle was analyzed. It is found that Cr enriches at grain boundaries at low temperatures primarily through the interstitialcy mechanism while depletes at high temperatures predominantly through the vacancy mechanism. There is a crossover from Cr enrichment to depletion at an intermediate temperature where the Cr:Fe vacancy and interstitialcy diffusion coefficient ratios intersect. The bell-shape Cr enrichment response is attributed to the decreasing void sinks inside the grains as temperature rises. It is also shown that low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) and special Σ coincidence-site lattice (CSL) grain boundaries exhibit suppressed radiation induced segregation (RIS) response while high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) have high RIS segregation. This different behavior is attributed to the variations in dislocation density at different grain boundaries.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2021

In present article, utilizing the Love shell theory with volume fraction laws for the cylindrical shells vibrations provides a governing equation for the distribution of material composition of material. Isotopic materials are the constituents of these rings. The position of a ring support has been taken along the radial direction. The Rayleigh-Ritz method with three different fraction laws gives birth to the shell frequency equation. Moreover, the effect of height- and length-to-radius ratio and angular speed is investigated. The results are depicted for circumferential wave number, length- and height-radius ratios with three laws. It is found that the backward and forward frequencies of exponential fraction law are sandwich between polynomial and trigonometric laws. It is examined that the backward and forward frequencies increase and decrease on increasing the ratio of height- and length-to-radius ratio. As the position of ring is enhanced for clamped simply supported and simply supported-simply supported boundary conditions, the frequencies go up. At mid-point, all the frequencies are higher and after that the frequencies decreases. The frequencies are same at initial and final stage and rust itself a bell shape. The shell is stabilized by ring supports to increase the stiffness and strength. Comparison is made for non-rotating and rotating cylindrical shell for the efficiency of the model. The results generated by computer software MATLAB.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.17-32
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• 2011

This study investigated pre-service teachers' understanding of statistical sampling. The researchers categorized major topics related to sampling into representativeness of samples, sampling variability, and sampling distribution, and selected concepts connected to each topic. Findings on this study are as follows: Even though most of the pre-service teachers considered the random sampling bringing unbiased outcomes as a proper sampling method, only 64% of them recognized that sample is a quasi-proportional, small-scale version of population; Few pre-service teachers understood that more important is the size of sample, not the portion of sample to population, and half of them appreciated that the number of sampling has a powerful effect on drawing of reliable results than the size of sample; Few pre-service teachers understood that sampling distribute is irrelevant to the shape of population and has a symmetrical bell-shape.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2016

This paper presents curvature-compensated reference circuits operating under low-voltage condition and achieving low-power consumption with $0.35-{\mu}m$ standard CMOS process. The proposed circuit can operate under less than 1-V supply voltage by using MOS transistors operating in weak-inversion region. The simulation results shows a low temperature coefficient by using the proposed curvature compensation technique. It generates a graph-shape temperature characteristic that looks like a sine curve, not a bell-shape characteristic presented in other published BGRs without curvature compensation. The proposed circuits operate with 0.9-V supply voltage. First, the voltage reference circuit consumes 176nW power and the temperature coefficient is $26.4ppm/^{\circ}C$. The current reference circuit is designed to operate with 194.3nW power consumption and $13.3ppm/^{\circ}C$ temperature coefficient.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Since the birth of animation, the United States has created many classic characters. For example, Mickey Mouse and Minnie, Tom and Jerry, Lion King, and Nemo, which are imaged with animal images, include Snow White, Bell, Mulan, and Aladdin. In addition, there are villain characters designed with strong personality and personality design, such as Snow White's stepmother Grimheel, Ursula, Bad Girl Crew El Radville, Scar, Captain Hook, and so on. These animation characters have been remembered for a long time with stories in people's minds, and have also brought laughter and emotion to people all over the world, which has brought a lot of business value to animation companies. Recently, the villain of American animation works is becoming more and more suited to the taste of the audience. The villain is not a symbolic image of the brutality we have seen before. They are not only visual images with rich and diverse personalities, but are also designed to suit the tastes of the public with a multifaceted inconsistency. They appear as ordinary people in our lives in works, or as powerful people who are not realistic. The villain characters designed in this way are real human miniatures appearing in the relationships in our lives, and they cannot judge good or bad only by their appearance. Through the study of villains in American animation, many villains in American animation were summed up, and villains could be classified into three types: brutal, violent, and sneaky. Based on this, it was possible to analyze the appearance and attire of the villain character in American animation, and to create a vivid and popular image of the villain, it was found that the character of the character should be emphasized when constructing the shape and costume of the villain character. In conclusion, the attractive formation of villain characters is an important part for successful animation. The production of vivid and long-lasting villain characters must begin with detailed settings such as personality, shape, and dress from the planning stage, which is not only the intention of the producer, but also a reflection of the aesthetic psychology that society should pay attention to today.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between cord serum adiponectin (APN) and IGF-I concentrations and fetal growth. Methods : Umbilical cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations were measured in healthy term singleton deliveries (n=72). The association of cord serum APN and IGF-I concentrations was evaluated in relation to birth weight, height, head circumference, gender, ponderal index, placental weight, feto-placental (F/P) weight ratio, maternal weight gain, and maternal body mass index (BMI). Results : The mean cord serum APN was 29.2${\pm}$10.46 $\mu$g/mL. The cord serum APN and birth weight demonstrated a bell-shape relationship. The cord serum APN concentration was higher in females than males (P=0.001). The cord serum APN was negatively correlated with maternal BMI (r=-0.301, P=0.027), but the mean cord serum APN concentration was not correlated with birth height, birth head circumference, ponderal index, placental weight, F/P ratio, or maternal weight gain. The mean cord serum concentrations of IGF-I was 51.26${\pm}$21.54 ng/mL. The cord serum IGF-I concentration was positively correlated with birth weight (r=0.312, P=0.009), but not birth height, ponderal index, placental weight, F/P weight ratio, or maternal BMI. Conclusion : APN demonstrated a bell-shaped relationship with birth weight in healthy term infants. IGF-I was highly correlated with fetal growth, especially birth weight.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.217-223
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• 2014

We conducted a distributional survey of Pectinatella magnifica, an invasive species, in the Geum River and the Nakdong River from July 12 to July 25, 2014. The spacing between the study sites was 10 km along the main channels for the Geum River (n = 12, 120 km) and the Nakdong River (n = 38, 380 km) from the estuarine barrage to upper part of main channel. Pectinatella magnifica was detected along the riparian zone (within 100 m) at each of the study sites. Presence rate of P. magnifica in Geum River and Nakdong River was 25% and 32.6%, respectively. The colony number of P. magnifica at Geum River ($9.5{\pm}3.1colony/m$, n = 3) was over 94 fold higher than that in the Nakdong River ($0.1{\pm}0.1colony/m$, n = 16). The Total length distribution of P. magnifica had a truncated bell shape at each rivers (mean length: $14.0{\pm}1.2cm$ for Geum River (n = 32), and $16.8{\pm}1.4cm$ for Nakdong River (n = 52)). These findings could provide basic information regarding the distribution pattern of P. magnifica in a new invasion area.