• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07e
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• pp.2152-2155
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• 2003

Divine bell of king Songdok(3.663m of the height, 2.227m of the diameter, 18,900kg of the weight, 7.7-21.5mm of the thickness), known as the bell of Emille which has been molded in 771 year to the illustrious memory of King Songdok for 34 years is one of culture heritages in the world. Even though the appearance of bell is very beautiful, also the sound of bell was appeared miraculous characteristics of shaking the sky, earth and human. The bell of Emille caused by discontinuous sound in maintaining continuous, strongly emotional sound and moving the mind of human etc, is appeared the 'Macnorlee' phenomenon which having the discontinuous sound in maintaining continuous. So far, it has reasoned out the phenomenon of the bell of Emille. but it was first proved a realized a baby-boiling sound about the bell of Emille according to the comparison and analysis. In this study of bell, we proposed improvement and device of the wooden parts beating the bell why a baby-boiling sound was not heard well as before.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.256-268
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• 2012

The Nemopilema nomurai is a large jellyfish attaining a weight of 200 kg and bell diameter of 2 m when fully grown. To prevent damage to this species, this study determined the acoustic characteristics of N. nomurai using frequencies 38 and 120 kHz. The CPUE of N. nomurai and the averaged SV of 38 and 120 kHz had a lower (+) correlation coefficient and relationship at 120 kHz (R=0.51) than at 38 kHz (R=0.15) was significant. In addition, the averaged SV at 120 kHz was higher than at 38 kHz. The ${\Delta}MVBS_{120-38}$ in section catches ${\geq}97.8%$ wet mass of N. nomurai was -2.2 to 5.6 dB. The ${\Delta}TS_{120-38}$ in situ TS was extracted in sections catches of only N. nomurai by FMT. It was found that the averaged in situ ${\Delta}TS_{120-38}$ were at 0.6 and 0.1 dB. Furthermore, it results showed a close relationship between the bell diameter and TS of N. nomurai. The dominance of smaller N. nomurai (11.0~20.0 cm bell diameter in the air) corresponded to a similar proportion of low TS values (-69.0~-65.0 dB). A small number of larger N. nomurai (25.0~38.0 cm bell diameter in the air) were collected, in which TS values were the highest (-62.0~-58.0 dB).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.242-255
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• 2012

The Nemopilema nomurai a very large jellyfish that has been found in the East China Sea and is now are migrating to Korea and Japan. To investigate the occurrence of N. nomurai based on the changing marine environment of the East China Sea, we conducted field survey in the early summer from 2006-2008. We observed the marine environment using CTD and the occurrence of N. nomurai using FMT and bottom trawling. We caught the most N. nomurai in 2007 and the fewest in 2008 and environment factors influencing its are more sensitive temperature than salinity. Large quantities of N. nomurai with a small bell diameter were caught in 2007 and large individuals with a significant bell diameter were caught in 2008. This appeared which between the catch and bell diameter of N. nomurai had (-) correlation (R=-0.988, p=0.098). Meanwhile, the spatial distribution of N. nomurai concentrations in lower salinity mixed seawater inflow in Changjiang Diluted Water.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.199-202
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• 2003

Monthly occurrence of the moon jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Ulmariidae: Aurelia aurita) was investigated in the southern coast of Korea in summer. The relationships not only between weight and length but also between length and food (rotifer and Artemia sp.) ingestion were also studied. Aurelia was monthly sampled 5 or 6 times at the coastal area between Jinhae and Geoje-do with a landing net (mouth: 30 cm, mesh size: 2 cm) at surface from June to August,2001. Aurelia aurita was dominated by 6-9 cm in June, 7-16 cm in July and 16 cm in August in bell diameter. The bell diameter was significantly related with weight (r=0.930, P<0.001). The ingestion rate was significantly different according to bell diameter and food density (ANOVA test: P<0.001).

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.771-778
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• 2015

In this work, vibration characteristics of high speed rotary bell cup for paint atomizer are numerically investigated. New type of bell cup model is proposed and additional corresponding models with design parameter variations for length and diameter are constructed. Dynamic characteristics, such as natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes, are studied for each model as a first step. To investigate operation stability, critical speed of rotary bell cup is numerically analyzed based on Campbell diagram and separation margin between operating speed and critical speed is identified. Unbalance vibration responses are also investigated with respect to design parameter variation, operating speed and balancing quality grade of G. Then the proper design guideline for stable operation of high speed rotary bell cup for paint atomizer is suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2006.03a
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• pp.530-535
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• 2006

The Pusan clays are soft and thick deposits and in some places, they reach even up to 50-70m. So, the pile foundations are inevitable in almost all cases. But they are significantly expansive when the length of the pile reaches about 70m. In this study, a comprehensive parametric study has been carried out in order to reduce the pile length and number of piles required in turn the cost of the foundation for particular building. A belled shaft pile has been optimized for a typical soil profile using the PLAXIS (FEM code). These results have shown a new direction of the pile foundation in Pusan, Korea. The results including the variation of contact pressures at the bottom of the bell, optimization of the angle of the bell and height of the bell in terms of the diameter of the shaft. And also, the design curves have been generated so that they can be directly used for design of belled shaft foundations. However, the structural strength criterion is being checked in the concerned laboratory.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.5-11
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• 1997

Recently, the search for the whereabout of the huge Bell Imperial-Dragon-Temple becomes a great issue. If it happens to be found out and ringing at the original location of the Bell in Kyungjoo City, the Bell might be a great national treasure and lasting to the eternity with her beautiful sound. The Bell was so huge that the total weight of the raw material put into crucibles was 497,581 Kun (289 tons), the shoulder weight 10.3 Chuk (3.14 m) and the maximum thickness 9 Chon (27.4 cm). The Bell was erected in 754 in Shilla Dynasty and was assumed to be lost during the war time by the 3rd invasion of Mongolians (1235~8). However, the author found out that the huge Bell was recast into a new small Bell (8.1 ton) in 1103 by the people of Koryu Dynasty and then the new small Bell was hung in the same position as in the original huge Bell. 135 years later, the new small Bell was carried out by Mongolian forces as a spoil of war from Kyungjoo to the Bay Tonghaegoo, through the saddle point of Mountain Toham, Yangbuk and Riber Great Bell. At the bay, Mongolian forces wished to bring back the Bell to Mongolia by a ship, but they dropped the Bell into the sea by accident. So, if this was the case, the bell at the seabed may be the new small bell (7.4 ton) but not the original huge Bell (41.0 ton) For the evaluation of missing data of the two bells, the author sets up two equations relating all the dimensions and their weights, which seems to be a useful guide to the design of bells. The results of the evaluation of the Bells are as follows. The huge Bell The new small Bell Weight 41.0 ton 7.4 ton Shoulder ht. 3.14 m 2.07 m Mouth diameter 2.468 m 1.546 m Max. thickness 27.4 cm (9 Chon) 11.9 cm (3.9 Chon)

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.415-419
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• 2014

A Cymbidium variety 'Snow Bell' (C. kanran ${\times}$ C. Jack Frost) was developed at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 2011. A cross between C. kanran with small-sized greenish colored flowers and C. Jack Frost with bright pink colored flowers, was conducted in 1999. Based on flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigor one line was selected. Evaluation and selection trials were conducted from 2006 to 2010. 'Snow Bell' has a light pink sepal (RHS, R56D), red lip (R56A) and a leaf length of 47.5 cm. The average number of flowers on each peduncle is 13.8 and the flower diameter is 6.2 cm. The characteristics of petals and sepals show some incurve and some spreading. 'Snow Bell' has a vigorous growth and a round flower. It has an adequate peduncle height of 50.7 cm compared with leaf length of 47.5 cm, and start blooming in December. In electronic nose analysis, the degree of fragrance between 'Snow Bell' and the C. kanran was similar and both of them showed strong scents, although they had different fragrance patterns.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.5
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• pp.49-57
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• 2004

The Divine Bell of King Seongdeok was completed in 771 A.D. It is a true masterpiece both grand in its size and style (height 3.66 m, diameter 2.23 m, thickness 20.3 cm, weight 18.9 ton), illustrating the essence of the Korean bronze culture. However, there are no remaining records about its casting: where the raw material came from, how the materials were mixed and how the bell was casted. The absence of such records has limited the understanding of the bell. This article contains analysis of three samples collected from a protruding part inside of the bell during a safety test for the bell by the Gyeongju National Museum. The main issues are the element composition of the bell, microstructure on the casting time and the source where the raw material came from.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.564-567
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• 2011

A new standard rose cultivar 'Pink Bell' was bred from a cross between pink standard cultivar 'Sweet Pink' and pink standard cultivar '"Pink Pearl' at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science. A cross was made in 2003 and 'Pink Bell' was finally selected in 2008 after investigating its characteristics for three years from 2006 to 2008 (UPOV standards). 'Pink Bell', a pink color standard cultivar grows vigorously and has a high yield. The major characteristics of this cultivar are $162stems/m^2/year$ in yield, 69.8 cm in length of cut flower, 10.4 cm in flower diameter, 44.5 in petal number per stem, and 12.0 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar was relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Nobless'.