• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.451-457
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• 2017

Bell's palsy is an acute-onset unilateral peripheral facial neuropathy. For patients with sequelae of facial paresis, the successful rehabilitation of fully edentulous arches is challenging. This case report described the treatment procedures and clinical considerations to fabricate complete dentures of a patient who showed unilateral displacement of mandible, unilateral chewing pattern and parafunctional jaw movement due to sequelae of Bell's palsy. Gothic arch tracing was used to record reproducible centric relation and lingualized occlusion was performed to provide freedom to move between centric relation and the patient's habitual functional area in fabricating satisfactory dentures in terms of function and esthetics.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate whether Doppler ultrasound device is applicable for the evaluation of facial palsy patients. Methods : A total of 25 patients participated in the first assessment and 22 of them finished a follow-up assessment one week later. An assessment comprised of a Minimax-Doppler-K device examination on bilateral acupoints $ST_5$, $SI_{19}$, $ST_2$, and $BL_1$, House-Brackmann grading, and subjective symptom questionnaire. Measurement reliability was assessed and clinically meaningful variations of Doppler measurement values were explored. Results : Doppler ultrasound examination revealed a significant difference of some measurement values between values of the symptom side and the contralateral side, between groups of severe paralysis and moderate paralysis, and between groups of short duration(0-3 weeks) and long duration (3 weeks-5 months) by non-parametric analyses (p<0.05). Several re-examination values showed a significant correlation with the first examination values by Spearman's correlation tests (p<0.05). Conclusions : This study revealed several possibilities for the clinical application of this device. Further validity tests and device improvements for a user's convenience would be helpful for its practical application.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-94
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• 2006

This study is to investigate the patients who had blepharoplasty for cosmetic purposes or facial nerve disorders. 21 patients were examined with an age from 17 to 63 years. Sixteen cases were classified as a normal group for investigation of the histopathologic change according to the age. The rest were patients of Bell's palsy(2), $Botox^{(R)}$ injection(2) and blepharospasm (1). We measured a mean diameter of myofiber and dimension's proportion of muscluar tissue per regular visual field. First, we measured a statistical significance according to the age in normal cases by grouping them into younger than 30-year-old, 30's, 40's, 50's and 60's. Second, we divided normal cases(16) into Group A and B by two bases for statistical analysis. In conclusion, although there were several differences as vacuolation, internalization of sarcolemnic nuclei between 35-year-old and 62-year-old patients in simple comparison, there was no uniform decrease according to the age. There were also no significant statistical changes in the value of a diameter of myofibers and dimension's proportion of muscular tissue according to the age in any of the two normal groups. But in $Botox^{(R)}$ injection and Bell's palsy, blepharospasm patients, two values showed remarkable difference compared to the normal group of same age.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was performed to categorize and define causes of recurrent peripheral facial nerve palsy. Methods : 54 patients was identified with recurrent peripheral facial nerve palsy among 726 patients who visited the Facial Palsy Center in East-West Neo Medical Center between May 2006 and August 2008. We reviewed the medical records including gender, age, laterality, number of recurrence, primary onset age, interval between recurrences, accompanied disease(e.g. DM, HTN), and axonal loss. Results : Patients whose primary palsy onset was before their second decade had a higher possibility of recurrence and tended to recur more than twice. Double-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group showed definitely worse result of axonal loss compared with non-recurrent group and single-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group. But There was no statistically significant difference between mean axonal loss of the non-recurrent group and single-episode ipsilaterally recurrent group. Conclusions : This study was designed for 54 patients and further studies are necessary.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.174-185
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• 2010

Objective : In period of convalescence and aftereffect, facial palsy patients suffer from social and psychological problems, besides experiencing physical inconvenience. So Quality of life is important Evaluation in treatment or facial palsy. Nevertheless the aims of recent study were only trying to explain about objective symptoms. Therefore, Oriental-Western Medicine was performed, effectiveness of treatment were measured in Quality of life. Methods : Acute facial palsy patients who visiting whin 5days completed questionnaire about Quality of life, if he(or she) participated voluntarily. Questionnaire are comprised of general characteristics, Facial Disability Index(FDI), WHOQOL-BREF, VAS and House-Brackmann grade. Questionnaire used two times, the first medical examination and 4weeks later after starting Oriental-Western Medicine. The statistical analysis was performed by GraphPad Prism 4.0. T-test was used to verify effectiveness between the two groups. Results : 1. When we compared the first medical examination with 4weeks later, score of FDI-Physical function and FDI-Social/Well-bieng function increased but they were not valid statistically. 2. When we compared the first medical examination with 4weeks later, in WHOQOL-Brefoverall domain and physical domain, score increased. In WHOQOL-Bref-psychological, Social, Environment domain, score decreased. but, they were not valid statistically. 3. VAS, House-Brackmann grade decreased, but, they were not valid statistically. Conclusion : The number of subjects with facial palsy in our study(N=5) was too small, and the period of study(4 weeks) was short, too. For this reason, our data were not valid statistically. But Facial palsy Patient's Quality of life has risen.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.155-167
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• 2013

Objectives : This research was conducted to investigate the factors that affect the level of facial nerve damage. Methods : From October 2009 to September 2013, the total number of 581 patients of Bell's palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome visited Facial Palsy Center in Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong for Traditional Korean and Western combined medical treatment. Of these, 453 patients of peripheral facial nerve palsy were selected for the research. After reviewing the medical records that have details of age, gender, diagnosis(Bell's palsy and Ramsay-Hunt syndrome), onset, underlying diseases(DM, HTN), and HbAlc value, the analysis on the influence factors on the level of facial nerve damage was drew out. Results : The axonal loss rate of oris branch and nasal branch were significantly higher than the axonal loss rate of frontal branch and oculi branch. In addition, the frequency of becoming a major damaged branch was also high in the oris branch nasal branch. The factors by month, weather, smoking, and alcohol did not influence EMG axonal loss rate. Male rather than female and patient with Rasmay-Hut syndrome rather than Bell's palsy had a higher axonal loss rate in all branches. Of those, front of branch of male was remarkably higher than female. Patient with DM as P/H had high axonal loss rate in all branches. Patient with HTN as P/H had high axonal loss rate in all branches except for oris branches. Patients with DM and HTN group had significantly higher value from the average of axonal loss rate than patients who are only with HTN and without DM/HTN. DM alone group had significantly higher value than patients who are without DM/HTN. However, HTN alone was not significantly high. By analysing HbAlc of the patients who were hospitalised regardless DM, axonal loss rate was high in the order of DM group, preDM group, normal group. Nevertheless, only DM group showed higher axonal rate statistically than normal group. Considering DM and HbA1c value, the patients can be divided into 4 different groups of hkDM, lkDM, hfDM and nDM. By analysing those groups, the average damaged value of the groups with diagnosis followed by treatment(lkDM, hkDM) were higher than the average rate of hfDM and statistically higher than the rate of the nDM. Conclusions : The influential factors of increasing the level of EMG damage are male(only for the frontal branch), age above sixties, HTN, DM, and HbAlc value above 6.5. Besides, the negligible factors are month, season, diagnosis, alcohol, and smoking. Further research including clinical prognosis should be conducted.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2004

목적 : 본 연구는 Interleukin 10 (IL10) 유전자 다형성이 구안와사의 발병과 관련이 있는지 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 대상: 대구한의대학교부속 한방병원에 내원한 구안와사 환자 62명과 종합건진센터에 내원한 구안와사 기왕력이 없는 건강인 104명을 대상으로 하였다 방법 : 각 그룹에서 개개인마다 DNA를 분리 정제한 후 Taq polymerase로 증폭하여 한천 겔에서 전기영동을 하여 PCR 산물을 확인하였다. PCR 산물은 Pyrosequendng 과정을 통하여 IL10의 유전형이 자동으로 판정되었다. 결과 : A/A, A/C의 두가지 유전자형이 검출되었으며 구안와사군과 대조군 사이에 유의성 있는 차이가 발견되지는 않았다(p=0.052). 또한 개별 allele 빈도에 있어서도 구안와사군과 건강인 사이에 통계적인 유의성이 나타나지 않았다(p=0.064). 결론 : 이상의 결과를 통하여 IL10 유전자 다형성은 구안와사의 발병과는 관련성이 없는 것으로 사려된다. 그러나 더 많은 구안와사 환자를 대상으로 IL10 유전자와의 연관성에 대한 후속 연구가 필요하다고 하겠다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.157-160
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• 2001

Facial nerve paralysis(or Bell's palsy) which commonly occurs unilaterally, gives rise to paralysis of facial expression muscle. This condition is classified into symptomatic facial nerve paralysis due to intracranial tumor, post operative trauma, etc. and idiopathic facial nerve paralysis. To explain the etiology of idiopathic facial nerve paralysis, many hypothesis including ischemic theory, viral infection, exposure to cold, immune theory etc. were suggested, but there is no agreement at this point. The method to evaluate the facial nerve paralysis, when it occurs, consists of three stage scale method, image thechnics like CT and MRI, laboratory test to examine the antibody titers of viral infection, neurophysiologic test to evaluate the degree and prognosis of paralysis. Treatment includes medication, stellate ganglion block(SGB), surgery, physical therapy and other home care therapy. In medication, systemic steroids, vitamins, vasodilating-drug and ATP drugs were used. SGB was also used repeatedly to attempt the improvement of circulation and to stimulate the recovery of nerve function. Physical therapy including electric acupuncture stimulation therapy(EAST) and hot pack was used to prevent the muscle atrophy. When No response was showed to this conservative therapies, surgery was considered. After treating two patients complaining of Bell's palsy with medication(systemic steroids) and EAST, favorable result was obtained. so author report the case of facial nerve paralysis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2022

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report that the patient with Peripheral Facial palsy received Korean medicine treatments including SJS Non-resistance Technique-Facial(NRT-F) palsy through hospitalization treatment and received treatment effects. Methods : Four patients with peripheral facial palsy were treated with herbal medication, acupuncture, pharmacoacupunture, and NRT-F. The effect of treatment was evaluated by House-Brackmann Scale and the Yanagihara grading system. Results : After Korean medicine treatments with SJS NRT-F, symptoms were decreased and conditions were improved. Furthermore, the House-Brackmann Scale and the Yanagihara grading system scores were numerically better. Conclusions : The Korean medicine treatments with SJS NRT-F might be effective for Facial palsy.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.140-146
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• 2004

Objectives : this study is to see if there is a significance in thermal differences of acupoints in diagnosis and treatment period of facial paralysis and to substantiate the validity of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for it. Methods : 1. By using DITI, thermal differences of acupoints on the face and the upper limbs of 13 Bell's palsy patients were measured around 3 days after an attack of the disease. These 13 patients, whose treatment progress was monitored up to 6 months after attack, were among the inpatients and outpatients of oriental internal medicine of National Medical Center from July 1 to August 31. 2. The patients were divided into 1month, 2-3months, 4months, 6months groups according to the occasion of improvement and thermal averages of each treatment period measured. Results : When it takes within 1 month for the condition of facial paralysis to change for the better, DITI image shows the temperature of the affected face parts and arms is higher than that of the non-affected parts. However, when it takes more than 4 months, the temperature of the affected face parts and arms on DITI image is lower than that of the non-affected parts. Conclusions : Hereby, prognosis of the disease and necessary time for the treatment can be presumed through DITI screening after an occurrence of facial paralysis. Also, condition of the disease is reflected by thermal differences of acupoints for Bell's palsy treatment that are in accordance with the theory of meridian on the face. This supports the efficacy of acupuncture and moxibustion treatment for this disease.