• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.149-170
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• 2002

The use of health behavior theory in health counseling may improve its effectiveness. This article provides an overview of health behavior theory and guidelines on how to incorporate various theories into effective health counseling. Models that focus on behavior change at the individual level are described, including the health belief model, which focuses on individual health beliefs; social learning theory, which emphasizes interactions between individual, behavior and its environment; theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behavior, which examines factors influencing behavioral intention;. the stages of change model, which focuses on one's stage of readiness for change. Research review provides explanatory and predictive utility of four health behavior theories. Suggestions for effective health counselling are as follows: 1. Unified theoretical framework incorporating key concepts from different health behavior theories is needed. 2. Need assessment should be included in counselling process. 3. Behavior-change counselling should target changes in one or more key variables previously identified. 4. Focusing on promotional efforts into a high profile behavior(gateway behavior) can be an an adjunctive way of initiating other health promotion behaviors. 5. Counselling should be staged based, and different strategies and processes of changes should be applied at different stages.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2022

Serious games are developed under particular purpose. This study provides a theoretical background on serious games for social change as a basis for future experiments and practice. By examining the elements of games and related theories, narrative immersion and critical participation are identified as the two main experiences of games, which are realized through role play. Based on educational theories for behavioral and cognitive change, this study suggests to use role play as a strategy on serious games for social change. Analyzing the cases of serious games in Korea, this study concludes that participants are able to experience the context of the situation through role play.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 2003

Purpose: The study was performed to identify the process of change, decisional balance and self-efficacy corresponding to the stage of smoking cessation behavior based on Transtheoretical Model in industrial workers. Method: A convenience sample of 146 industrial workers except for the never smokers, were recruited at a H industry in Ulsan. Data were collected from February 1 to 28, 2002. The research instruments were Stages of Change of Smoking Cessation Measure(DiClemente et al, 1991), Process of change(Prochaska, 1988), Smoking Abstinence Self Efficacy (SASE: DiClemente et al, 1985) and Decisional balance(SDB; Kim, 1999). Result: The results of this study were as follows; 1. The subjects were distributed in each stage of smoking cessation change: There were 64 subjects (43.0%) in the precontemplation stage, 35 subjects(23.5%) in the contemplation stage, 28 subjects(18.8%) in the preparation stage, 14 subjects(10.1%) in the action stage and 7 subjects(4.7%) in the maintenance stage. 2. Analysis of variance showed that experiental process(F=2.808, p=.042), behavioral process (F=4.567, p=.004) self-efficacy(F=9.809, p=.000), pros(F=11.107, p=.000), cons(F=6.686, p=.000), pros- cons(F=3.446, p=.018) were significantly associated with the stages of smoking cessation change. 3. Through discriminant analysis, it was found that 'PROS' was the most influential variable in discriminating the four stages of change. Conclusion: This study can provide the basis of staged matching smoking cessation program using TTM for more effective and useful intervention.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-110
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• 2005

Objectives: Recent studies have shown that tailored messages for cancer screening to the beliefs and stage of cancer screening behavior of individual women increases the take-up probability. Many studies on cancer screening have used the Transtheoretical Model (TTM) to identify variables associated with cancer screening behavior. This study was carried out to identify the cognitive-behavioral factors associated with stomach cancer screening among women aged 40 years and over, and to develop and evaluate a tailored educational program for stomach cancer screening by stages of change. Methods: Building on the TTM constructs, we conducted a quasi-experimental study(N=283) to test the effectiveness of a tailored educational program for endoscopic stomach cancer screening. We carried out pre and post tests in the experimental group(N=162) and the control group(N=121), and the experimental group was subdivided into an on-line group(N=81) and an off-line group(N=81) by educational methodology using e-mail and the postal service. We used the chi-square test, trend test, and paired t-test to test the effectiveness of the program for stomach cancer using a tailored stage-matched messages. Results: To examine the effectiveness of the program for stomach cancer screening by the tailored stage-matched messages, the stage-matched materials were offered to the experimental group(N=162) four times for 4 weeks. The stage-matched materials consisted of the four types for stomach cancer. The tailored message was effective in changing the cognitive-behavioral factors, such as experience process, behavior process, con opinion for stomach cancer, self-efficacy, and the behavioral stages for stomach cancer screening. The stomach cancer screening adherence was higher for the stage-matched materials using postal mail than for those using e-mail. Conclusion: To improve the stomach cancer screening rate, the use of tailored messages for stomach cancer screening will be generated using an expert system. Therefore the implementation of tailored educational program will be supported a partnership between public and private health organizations and increasing awareness of the necessity of community-based interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.132-141
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to provide fundamental information on fish swimming behavioral properties. Acoustic data was collected at nighttime from the $10^{th}$ to $12^{th}$ March, 2016 near Yokji Island in the South Sea of South Korea, and was analyzed using the fish track technique. This technique is to identify groups of single targets, which shows a pattern of systematic movement. As a result, the differences of the behavioral properties such as depth, swimming speed, vertical direction, horizontal direction, tortuosity, and depth change among days were minor; however, statistical results (Welch analysis of variance) showed significant difference between days. Especially, the target strength (TS) of the $11^{th}$ were significantly different from the $10^{th}$ and $12^{th}$. It could be assumed that gizzard shad, which was the dominant species from the catch on the $11^{th}$ March, might have affected this difference. The correlation between TS and other properties was very week. The significant difference seemed even small differences of average values because of the large data volume.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2017

Purpose. Walking depends on the speed and type of shoe to be worn, and the degree of impact varies with the muscle used. In addition, the speed can be changed by moving objects and using objects when walking. This study analyzed the change of walking speed by applying various factors influencing walking. Methods. A total of 60 patients who had not undergone musculoskeletal diseases during the last 1 year were included. Shoe type was divided into slippers and shoe heels. Behavioral types were divided into bagging, books, and cell phone use. The walking speed was measured by the general walking, the middle walking, and the fast walking. The time was measured using a 10M linear distance test. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program for independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA. Results. There was a statistically significant difference according to the type of shoes when walking. Walking speed was slow in shoe heel. In addition, There was statistically significant difference according to type of behavior task at walking. Walking speed was slow in task type using mobile phone during walking. Conclusions. The walking speed were appeared difference in each type of shoe heel, using mobile phone.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-60
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• 2013

Objectives : The number of North Korean refugees is remarkably increasing nowadays and there are many social and cultural issues related to their settlements in Korea. Stereotyping of group is generally unique and has influences on emotions and behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship among stereotyping, emotion and service behavior of South Korean dentist towards North Korean refugee. Methods : Questionnaires for stereotyping, emotions and service behaviors were devised based on previous researches. Two-hundred and eighteen Korean dentists were randomly chosen and questionnaires were distributed. Correlation analysis, reliability analysis and primary component analysis were performed. Student t-test and one-way ANOVA were done to elucidate differences according to demographic factors. To examine the relationship among constructs, regression analysis was performed. Results : Stereotyping, emotions, and service behaviors are significantly related each other construct. South Korean dentists' stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees are significantly different from those toward South Korean but service behavioral intentions were not different according to any demographic factor. Conclusions : The results imply that more contacts and education system are necessary to South Korean dentists to change their negative stereotyping and emotions toward North Korean refugees although their service behaviors are not affected at the moment.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.725-733
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• 2004

It was well received that well grounded behavioral theories were important in the development of effective nutrition education programs, but there are only a few programs available for Korean women. The objective of this study was to develop nutrition education programs for childbearing-aged women in Korea. Based on the findings of the needs assessment for the program and theoretical backgrounds, we developed behaviorally oriented tailored nutrition education program including motivation (MT), modifying (MD) and maintenance (MA) stages. The key concepts of the stages were motivation promotion for MT, increasing behavioral capabilities for MD, and strengthening self-management and building favorable environmental condition for MA. The education program was intended to be need in individual nutrition counseling, but it could be well used for group education by developing materials using the relevant contents. The primary users of the program were nutrition educators, however it could be also used by clients as needed. The introductory chapter provided dietary assessment tools and nutrition education tips. MT chapter included subjects such as nutritional status screening, costs of inappropriate nutrition and weight management, benefits of eating right, and activities for motivation promotion. MD stage chapter dealt with topics of healthy weight, knowledges and skills for better eating habits and physical activity status, and activities related to setting tailored behavioral objectives. MA stage focused on facilitating self management skills and building helping relationships. Each stage underlined activities using various educational tools in order to promote active participation of the client (s). For better use of this program, it was recommended to conduct program validation study.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.69 no.3
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• pp.165-191
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to identify the major predictive factors of intention of drug users to use treatment services. The theoretical framework was used extended Behavioral Model of Health Services Use which integrates the Andersen model and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Thus, this study examined the effects of individual characteristics(predisposing, enabling, need factor) and attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavior control on drug users' intention to use treatment services. Factors with a statistically significant effect were as follows: from the individual characteristics - gender and past treatment experiences of the predisposing factors along with psychiatric diagnosis, anxiety and depression, and severity of drug abuse of need factors. From the Theory of Planned Behavior - subjective norm and perceived behavior control turned out to have impacts on their intention to use treatment services. The study emphasizes that a concern of women, increasing positive experiences of treatment, efforts to change the subjective norms and perceived behavior control of drug users to promote their determination to get treatment.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2014

Exposures to lead (Pb) are associated with neurological problems including psychiatric disorders and impaired learning and memory. Pb can be absorbed by iron transporters, which are up-regulated in hereditary hemochromatosis, an iron overload disorder in which increased iron deposition in various parenchymal organs promote metal-induced oxidative damage. While dysfunction in HFE (High Fe) gene is the major cause of hemochromatosis, the transport and toxicity of Pb in Hfe-related hemochromatosis are largely unknown. To elucidate the relationship between HFE gene dysfunction and Pb absorption, H67D knock-in Hfe-mutant and wild-type mice were given drinking water containing Pb 1.6 mg/ml ad libitum for 6 weeks and examined for behavioral phenotypes using the nestlet-shredding and marble-burying tests. Latency to nestlet-shredding in Pb-treated wild-type mice was prolonged compared with non-exposed wild-types (p < 0.001), whereas Pb exposure did not alter shredding latency in Hfe-mutant mice. In the marble-burying test, Hfe-mutant mice showed an increased number of marbles buried compared with wild-type mice (p = 0.002), indicating more repetitive behavior upon Hfe mutation. Importantly, Pb-exposed wild-type mice buried more marbles than non-exposed wild-types, whereas the number of marbles buried by Hfe-mutant mice did not change whether or not exposed to Pb. These results suggest that Hfe mutation could normalize Pb-induced behavioral alteration. To explore the mechanism of repetitive behavior caused by Pb, western blot analysis was conducted for proteins involved in brain dopamine metabolism. The levels of tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter increased upon Pb exposure in both genotypes, whereas Hfe-mutant mice displayed down-regulation of the dopamine transporter and dopamine D1 receptor with D2 receptor elevated. Taken together, our data support the idea that both Pb exposure and Hfe mutation increase repetitive behavior in mice and further suggest that these behavioral changes could be associated with altered dopaminergic neurotransmission, providing a therapeutic basis for psychiatric disorders caused by Pb toxicity.