• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2000

Several nonpharmacological treatment methods of insomnia and their effects were reviewed. A long-term use of most hypnotics may produce tolerance, dependence, cognitive and psychomotor impairments at daytime, shallow sleep, and rebound insomnia on drug withdrawal. To reduce hypnotic abuse, nonpharmacological strategies have been developed to correct disordered behavioral and cognitive factors. These treatments aim at modifying maladaptive sleep habits, lowering physiological and cognitive arousal levels, and correcting dysfuctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep. These non-pharmacological or cognitive behavior treatments include stimulus control, sleep restriction, relaxation training, sleep hygiene education, cognitive therapy, and light therapy. Among them the stimulus control therapy has been demonstrated most effective as a single treatment or in combination with other treatments. Through nonpharmacological treatments, sleep latency was most significantly reduced and wake time after sleep onset was also reduced. About 50% of insomniacs reported clinical improvements in terms of nearly normalized sleep latency, awakening time, sleep efficiency, and reduction of hypnotic use. Compared to the hypnotic therapy, nonpharmacological treatments are more cost-effective and more readily accepted by patients, and their effects last longer.

• International Neurourology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.295-304
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• 2018

Purpose: To compare the effects of intra-anal biofeedback (BF) and intra-anal electrical stimulation (ES) on pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) activity, nocturnal bladder capacity, and frequency of wet night episodes in children with refractory primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE). Methods: Ninety children of both sexes aged 8-12 years with refractory PMNE participated in this study. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups of equal number: control group (CON) that underwent behavioral therapy and PFM training, and 2 study groups (BF and ES) that underwent the same program in addition to intra-anal BF training and intra-anal ES, respectively. PFMs activity was assessed using electromyography, nocturnal bladder capacity was evaluated by measuring the first morning voided volume, and a nocturnal enuresis diary was used for documenting wet night episodes before treatment and after 3 months of treatment. Results: After training, all groups showed statistically significant improvements in all measured outcomes compared to their pretreatment findings. The ES group showed significantly greater improvements in all measured outcomes than the CON and BF groups. Conclusions: Both intra-anal BF training and ES combined with behavioral therapy and PFMs training were effective in the treatment of PMNE, with intra-anal ES being superior to BF training.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.261-274
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• 2020

Research on the development and effectiveness of internet-based cognitive-behavioral therapy with a trauma focus (iCBT-T) has been actively conducted in Western societies, but these studies have just begun in Korea. The purpose of this study was to suggest practical considerations to developing and managing the iCBT-T program. After reviewing previous studies on iCBT-T, this author suggested a model of convergence and collaboration between mental health knowledge and information and communication technologies (ICT) to develop the iCBT-T program. This article outlines practical considerations, including focus and target groups of iCBT-T, intervention types of iCBT-T (open access vs. guided), number of sessions, ethical issues, professional support, and degree of user involvement. Methods to complement the limitations of internet as a medium are also proposed in the iCBT-T program. The convergence model of CBT-T and ICT is expected to promote the development of programs that can contribute to improving the mental health of users who experience traumatic events.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.55-60
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use the theory of planned behavior, past habit and moral obligation to better understand the behavior of physical therapists (PTs) and occupational therapists (OTs) in protecting the medical information of patients. Methods: We conducted a survey using self-writting questionnaires structured within the framework of the theory of planned behavior to understand to analyze information from 103 clinical PTs and OTs in their efforts to protect patient medical information. Results: The PTs and OTs' medical information protecting behavior was 2.85 mean points. That point failed to reach 1.0 points. Behavior intention was 3.83 mean points. That was judged to be improved. Behavioral intention was closely correlated with behavior, behavioral attitude, subjective norms, behavior control, and past habit. Variables related to the theory of planned behavior, attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control all explained 50% of the behavioral intention of PTs and OTs regarding future divulgence of patient information. The past habits of PTs and OTs were also a significant predictor in explaining the behavioral intention to protect a patient's medical information (p<0.01). Conclusion: Revising the behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavior control, and past habits of PTs and OTs helped improve their behavior regarding protection of the medical information of patents.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-148
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to develop cognitive behavioral therapy(CBT) to improve the parenting efficacy of married immigrant women, and verify its effectiveness. In the CBT of this study, behavioral technique was added to cognitive reconstruction based on cultural context in order to improve parenting efficacy. The study selected 28 married immigrant women, and randomly divided them into a CBT group(10), a general treatment group(8) and a control group(10). The CBT and the general treatment programs consisted of 10 sessions, approximately 2 hours in duration. The results of the study were as follows. 1) The level of parenting efficacy was improved significantly in the CBT and the general treatment group. 2) The level of negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional parenting thoughts was significantly decreased only in the CBT group. 3) In the CBT and the general treatment group, the level of parenting stress and acculturative stress was decreased while the level of psychological well-being improved. On the other hand, the level of parent-adolescent communication was improved significantly only in the CBT group. 4) In comparison with the general treatment group, the CBT group showed higher parenting efficacy and lower automatic thoughts and dysfunctional parenting thoughts. This study has significance in its attempt to develop a parent training program to improve the parenting efficacy of married immigrant women by integrating behavioral modification and communication skills training focused on cognitive reconstruction of parenting-related negative thoughts and beliefs in application of the CBT paradigm.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1015-1020
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• 2017

Purpose. Walking depends on the speed and type of shoe to be worn, and the degree of impact varies with the muscle used. In addition, the speed can be changed by moving objects and using objects when walking. This study analyzed the change of walking speed by applying various factors influencing walking. Methods. A total of 60 patients who had not undergone musculoskeletal diseases during the last 1 year were included. Shoe type was divided into slippers and shoe heels. Behavioral types were divided into bagging, books, and cell phone use. The walking speed was measured by the general walking, the middle walking, and the fast walking. The time was measured using a 10M linear distance test. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS program for independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA. Results. There was a statistically significant difference according to the type of shoes when walking. Walking speed was slow in shoe heel. In addition, There was statistically significant difference according to type of behavior task at walking. Walking speed was slow in task type using mobile phone during walking. Conclusions. The walking speed were appeared difference in each type of shoe heel, using mobile phone.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.436-441
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• 2014

Purpose: The objective of this study was to offer clinical primary data that it's aims to examine effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cognitive function and biochemical change of rat with alzheimer's disease(AD) induced by injecting scopolamine. Methods: Subjects were instructed cognitive dysfunction model, rat of Sprague-Dawley system was injected with scopolamine and each experimental group was classified into three; group I (n=16) is non-treatment groups; group II (n=16) is applied with the tacrine; group III (n=16) is applied with the tDCS. The ziggurat task test was conducted to observe behavioral changes and cognitive function ability and 7, 14, 21, 28 days after the model. Acetylcholine Esterase (Ach E) activity was examined for biochemical assessment of which the results are followed. Results: Participants showed as to behavioral change, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. As to biochemical change, same as above, tacrine application group was the most significantly responded, following tDCS application group. Conclusion: From these results, confirm that tDCS application to rat with alzheimer's disease leads to positive effects on behavioral, cognitive function changes, and biochemical changes, lasting for certain period of time. This study, in particular, tDCS, which can change excitability of brain cells non-invasively, could provide basic data that is useful as a new treatment way for the patients with cognitive dysfunction.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.159-166
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• 2021

Purpose : This study systematically assessed programs self-esteem programs for schizophrenic individuals that have been implemented over the past 10 years in South Korea, with the objective of providing clinical grounds and data for further programs that can be implemented in the Korean environment. Methods : For this study, a data search was conducted from 2012 to 2021, using search terms 'schizophrenia' AND 'self-esteem' among the studies registered in the RISS, KISS, Google Scholar, and National Library of Korea databases. A total of 988 studies were searched, and among them, 40 studies meeting the selection criteria had been taken by reviewing the titles and abstracts. After, 33 studies were excluded according to the exclusion criteria, and finally, the 7 studies were selected. Results : As a result, research into self-esteem programs for schizophrenic individuals has progressed steady, and most studies tend to be non-randomized controlled studies. All studies used the Self-Esteem Scale to evaluate self-esteem. All studies used the Self-Esteem Scale to evaluate self-esteem. The interventions of the selected studies were classified as were social skill programs, cognitive behavioral therapy programs, art therapy programs, and emotional management programs. And among them, the cognitive behavioral therapy programs were the most frequently used (42.8 %). Typically, the majority of the intervention sessions consisted of 11~15 sessions, the frequency of intervention was twice a week, and each session lasted 40~80 minutes were the most (each 57.1 %). In the programs for self-esteem, significant effects were reported for cognitive behavioral and art therapy programs, and there is no significant effect on social skill programs and emotional management programs. Conclusion : Future studies should expand the research scope, both domestically and internationally, and suggest more comprehensive conditions for a literature search by widening the research subject coverage.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.39-42
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• 2022

Obesity is a chronic disease associated with severe complications. A major complication of obesity is depression, which can worsen obesity and vice versa. In addition, most antidepressants or antipsychotics cause weight gain, and the relationship between obesity and depression is clinically critical. However, treatment of obese patients with major depressive disorder is complicated. Bariatric physicians should provide appropriate behavioral interventions alongside pharmacological treatment, considering psychiatric symptoms, drug side effects, and drug interactions. Two successful cases of moderate-to-severe obese patients with major depressive disorder who had been treated for obesity using behavioral intervention therapy along with liraglutide will be discussed. This report highlights the safety and efficacy of liraglutide treatment of obesity in patients with depression who take antidepressants and antipsychotics.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.509-521
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the patterns of the keywords in journals in the field of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) to identify the knowledge structure of CBT studies in Korea. To compare CBT studies from Korea and abroad, 234 articles (2008-2019) published on "Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea" and 2,316 articles (1977-2019) published on "Cognitive Therapy and Research" were collected. The data were analyzed using NetMiner 4.3. The co-word analysis was done by calculating the cosine similarity matrix of major keywords, followed by visualizing the network. The results of this study identified the main interests of Korean CBT scholars, and categorized the knowledge structure of CBT in Korea into 9 research areas: "scale validation"; "perfectionism and entrapment"; "cognitive, emotional, and relationship characteristics of schizophrenic patients"; "cognitive characteristics and treatment of borderline personality disorder and depression/bipolar disorder patients"; "adaptation and psychological health"; "cognitive characteristics and treatment of patients with social anxiety disorder"; "causes and co-morbidities of depression"; "acceptance and commitment therapy"; and "understanding and the treatment of binge eating disorder patients." This study is meaningful in that it has reviewed the accumulated knowledge in the CBT field in Korea for the past 11 years, and suggests future tasks for development to improve the standards of CBT practice.