• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.27-40
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• 2016

This study examined the mediating effects of irrational beliefs on the relationships of middle school students' autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses(impulsive reaction, verbal aggression, physical confrontation and indirect expression). A sample of 346 first and second year students of middle school participated in the autonomy of psychological growth environment scale, the irrational beliefs scale and behavioral anger responses scale. Pearson's correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that: ⑴ The relations among autonomy of psychological growth environment, irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses were significant. The autonomy of psychological growth environment had negative correlations with irrational beliefs and behavioral anger responses. Irrational beliefs produced positive correlations with behavioral anger responses. There were positive correlations among the subtypes of behavioral anger responses. ⑵ There were mediating effects of irrational beliefs between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses. The effects of autonomy of psychological growth environment on impulsive reaction, physical confrontation and indirect expression were fully mediated by irrational beliefs. However, the effect of autonomy of psychological growth environment on verbal aggression was partially mediated by irrational beliefs. This study demonstrated that irrational beliefs mediate the relationship between autonomy of psychological growth environment and behavioral anger responses.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2016

The current study examined the relations among teachers' beliefs, behavioral self-regulation and school readiness of preschoolers. The study sample included 229 preschoolers aged 3 to 5 attending child care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi area of Korea. Using Structural Equation Modeling, the paths from teachers' beliefs to children's school readiness via the mediation of their behavioral self-regulation were examined. Children's self-regulation was directly assessed using Head-to-Toe Tasks. The results showed that teachers' stronger beliefs in and responsibility for children's self-regulation and interpersonal skills significantly predicted greater behavioral self-regulation among children, which in turn, significantly influenced greater social skills and work-related skills. The contribution of teachers' beliefs and behavioral regulation to social skills and work-related skills was positive and stronger for boys.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate nail hygiene behaviors and to identify the relationship between hand hygiene beliefs and nail hygiene behaviors among dental hygienists, dental's aide and dental coordinator in South Korea. Methods: The subjects were 291 dental workers including dental hygienists, dental assistant and dental coordinator working full-time at dental clinics, dental hospitals, general dental hospitals and dental university hospitals in Seoul, Incheon, and Gyeonggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of a total 35 items, including 4 items on general characteristics, 25 items on hand hygiene, 2 items on "nail art" experience, and 4 items on nail hygiene behaviors. The collected data were analyzed using an independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, chi-square test, correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis, where ${\alpha}<0.05$ was considered statistically significant. Results: The scores of behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, control beliefs and nail hygiene behaviors were $5.15{\pm}0.58$, $5.26{\pm}0.81$, $3.69{\pm}0.96$ and $5.03{\pm}0.98$, respectively. Statistically significant relationships were detected in terms of participants' clinical experiences with respect to behavioral and normative beliefs (p<0.05 for all three belief categories). Participants working in general dental hospitals and dental university hospitals demonstrated the highest scores for behavioral, normative and control beliefs (p<0.05). Participants working in dental clinics reported the highest "nail art" experience rates in the last two years (45.5%) and at the time of the survey (15.7%; p<0.05). Nail hygiene behaviors were more likely to be observed in individuals with stronger behavioral and stronger normative beliefs (p<0.05). Conclusions: More specific infection control guidelines for "nail art" among dental workers should be established and promoted, so that both patients and dental workers can interact in a safe environment.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.769-782
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• 2024

The purpose of this study analyzes by confirming the structural relationship between the four variables of Chinese college students' health beliefs, planned behavior, behavioral control, and exercise persistence, this study can establish measures to enhance and improve college students' health beliefs and planned behavior and improve behavioral control. The purpose is to provide basic data to improve the level of continued exercise among college students. The EBI study verified reliability and validity through a preliminary survey targeting 380 people. This survey distributed questionnaires to college students at 52 universities from May 12 to July 21, 2023, and a total of 5,109 copies were finally selected and analyzed, excluding invalid questionnaires. As a result of the study, first, the structural relationship between variables showed that health beliefs had a positive effect on planning behavior, behavioral control, and exercise persistence. Second, planning behavior was found to have a positive effect on behavioral control and motor persistence. Third, behavioral control was found to have a positive effect on exercise persistence. Fourth, planning behavior and behavioral control were found to play a positive mediating role in the relationship between health beliefs and exercise persistence. Therefore, to improve college students' health beliefs, schools should open a health psychology curriculum. Furthermore, there is a need to strengthen college students' beliefs about their health by developing and distributing customized health education programs for college students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.348-354
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Obesity is a serious concern worldwide, for which the restaurant industry holds partial responsibility. This study was conducted to estimate restaurant consumers' intention to select healthy menu items and to examine the relationships among behavioral beliefs, past behaviors, attitudes and behavioral intentions, which are known to be major determinants of consumer behaviors. SUBJECTS/METHODS: An online, self-administered survey was distributed for data collection. The study sample consisted of customers who reported having visited casual dining restaurants in the last three months at the time of the survey. Structural equation modeling was used to verify the fit of the proposed research model. RESULTS: Structural equation modeling revealed that the proposed model supports the sequential, mediated (indirect) relationships among behavioral beliefs, past behaviors, attitudes and behavioral intentions toward healthy menu selection. CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the available literature regarding obesity by adding past behaviors, one of the most influential variables involved in prediction of future behaviors of consumers, to the TPB model, enabling a better understanding of restaurant consumers' rational decision process regarding healthy menu choices. The results of this study provide practical implications for restaurant practitioners and government agencies regarding ways to promote healthy menus.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.198-207
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe hospital nurses' knowledge and beliefs about hand hygiene and to identify the relationships between knowledge and beliefs. Methods: Data were collected from 232 nurses working in four university hospitals and were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 20.0 program. Results: The mean score of knowledge of hand hygiene was 8.1. The mean scores of behavioral, normative, and control belief about hand hygiene were 2.3, 2.5, and -0.7, respectively. Knowledge was correlated with educational level (p=.013) and experience of hand hygiene campaign (p=.018). The behavioral belief was correlated with age (p<.001) and career (p=.002). The normative belief was correlated with work department (p=.007). The control belief was correlated with educational level (p=.043) and experience of being monitored on hand hygiene (p=.010). The subjects who believed that head nurses, charge nurses, and colleagues practiced better hand hygiene had higher behavioral and normative belief scores than those who did not. There were no significant relationships between knowledge and beliefs. Conclusion: There is a need to improve knowledge of hand hygiene in hospital nurses. This study provides information for developing strategies to strengthen beliefs about hand hygiene.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.589-598
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• 2016

An application that has a simple user interface not only motivates a user to continue using the application, but also enables the user to develop their mental model for the application - the like of which is a product of their interaction with the application. In the information systems literature, little empirical research has been undertaken on the effects of the mental model and motivation on smartphone users' behavioral beliefs. Therefore, the aim of this study is to suggest a research model that can examine the following: 1) the effects that the mental model has not only on smartphone users' behavioral beliefs (that is, perceived usefulness and ease of use of an application) but also on their behavioral intention to use an application and 2) the effects that smartphone users' intrinsic motivation has on their behavioral beliefs through an expansion of the mental model. A survey is conducted, and structural equation modeling is then used to analyze the survey data. The results, through consideration of variables such as intrinsic motivation, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user satisfaction, indicate that the mental model has an indirect effect on a user's intention to use an application.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2004

The study purpose was to investigate the factors related to fast food consumption of university students. Factors were identified using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Based on the pilot study, 18 behavioral beliefs, 7 normative beliefs and 19 control beliefs were identified. Data (n = 269) were analyzed using analysis of variance or $X^2$,/TEX> tests. Subjects were categorized into non-users (27.9%), users (42%) and frequent users ( $\geq$ 2 times/week, 30.1%). Regarding behavioral beliefs, users or frequent users responded more positively on advantages of eating fast foods including ‘taste’ (p < 0.001), ‘making me feel full’(p < 0.001), ‘diverse menus’(p < 0.05) than non-users. Compared to users, non-users responded more positively on the item that eating fast foods leads to eat vegetables less (p < 0.05), and negatively on ‘making me eat more salt’(p < 0.05). Most of the referent groups, parents (p < 0.001), sisters/brothers (p < 0.01), relatives (p < 0.01), friends (p < 0.05), boy/girl friends (p < 0.05) were important sources of influence regarding subjects' fast food consumption. Users or frequent users felt less control over factors or situations that make it consume fast foods (9 out of 19 control beliefs). These factors included; availability issues (p < 0.001), ‘not having other foods on hand’(p < 0.01), ‘others eating together like fast foods’, ‘convenience’, ‘social increase in fast food use’, ‘easy to get fast foods anytime’(p < 0.05). In addition, users of fast foods were more likely to eat fast foods when they don't have time, when they do not like to cook, when they feel hungry (p < 0.05). These results suggest that interventions for university students include strategies to moderate fast food use by modifying behavioral beliefs, suggesting alternative menus and behavior modification techniques, increasing perception of control, and eliciting social support.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.596-603
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• 2006

Purpose. This study examined Korean clinical nurses' intentions to care for SARS patients and identify determinants of the intentions. Theory of planned behavior was the framework to explain the intentions of Korean nurses for SARS patients care. Methods. A convenient sample of six hundreds and seventy nine clinical nurses from four university-affiliated hospitals located in Seoul and in Kyung-gi province was used. Self-administered (83-items) questionnaire was used to collect data. Intentions, attitude, subjective norm, perceive behavioral control, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, and control beliefs were the study variables. All items were measured using 7point Likert scale (-3 to +3). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation method, and stepwise multiple regression methods. Results. Intentions and attitudes toward SARS patient care among Korean clinical nurses were moderate, but their subjective norm and perceive behavioral control of SARS patients care were negative. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that attitude toward SARS patient care, perceived behavioral control, subjective norm were the determinants of the intentions for SARS patients care as theory proposed. Among the behavioral beliefs, 'SARS-patient caring would be a new experience', 'during SARS-patient caring, I should be apart from my family', 'after completing SARS-patient caring, I would be proud of myself being able to cope with a stressful event' and 'with my SARS-patient caring, patients could recover from SARS' were the significant determinants. Among the normative beliefs, colleague approval, spouse approval, and physician approval were significant determinants of the intentions. Among the control beliefs, 'SARS-patient caring would be a challenge' 'SARS-patient caring is a professional responsibility', 'tension during the care of SARS patients' and 'support from team members' were the significant determinants of the intentions. Conclusions. Korean clinical nurses in this study were not willing to care for SARS patients and showed negative attitude toward the care. They believed their friends and family were not approved their care for SARS patients. Nurses were in conflicts between professional responsibilities to care for SARS patients and personal safety. This study was the first to understand stress and burden of Korean clinical nurses who are in front line to care for newly developed communicable disease such as SARS. Under the circumstance where several fatal communicable diseases are predictable, conflicts between professional responsibility and their personal risks should be taken into considerations by nurses themselves and by nursing administrators in order to improve quality of care.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2015

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Use of nutrition labels in food selection is recommended for consumers. The aim of this study is to examine factors, mainly beliefs explaining nutrition label use in female college students based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were female college students from a university in Seoul, Korea. The survey questionnaire was composed of items examining general characteristics, nutrition label use, behavioral beliefs, normative beliefs, corresponding motivation to comply, and control beliefs. The subjects (n = 300) responded to the questionnaire by self-report, and data from 275 students were analyzed using t-test or ${\chi}^2$-test. RESULTS: The results showed that 37.8% of subjects were nutrition label users. Three out of 15 behavioral beliefs differed significantly by nutrition label use. Nutrition label users agreed more strongly on the benefits of using nutrition labels including 'comparing and selecting better foods' (P < 0.001), 'selecting healthy foods' (P < 0.05). The negative belief of 'annoying' was stronger in non-users than in users (P < 0.001). Three out of 7 sources (parents, siblings, best friend) were important in nutrition label use. Twelve out of 15 control beliefs differed significantly by nutrition label use. These included beliefs regarding constraints of using nutrition labels (e.g., time, spending money for healthy foods) and lack of nutrition knowledge (P < 0.001). Perceived confidence in understanding and applying the specifics of nutrition labels in food selection was also significantly related to nutrition label use (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the beliefs, especially control beliefs, suggested in the TPB were important in explaining nutrition label use. To promote nutrition label use, nutrition education might focus on increasing perceived control over constraints of using nutrition labels, acquiring skills for checking nutrition labels, as well as the benefits of using nutrition labels and receiving support from significant others for nutrition label use.