• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.147-175
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• 2006

Objective : This study is to investigate the method for assesment and diagnosis of ADHD, especially focusing on behavior rating scales. Methods : We searched the recent date of the publication and paper in ADHD. Results : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method such as interview with parents, child and teacher, behavior observation, behavior rating scales and neuropsychological test are used. The structured interview consists of the restrictive questions and response, and then have diagnostic algorithm, consequently can be used by untrained clinicians. Of the structured interview, standardization of K-SADS in Korean version is finished. Behavior rating scales, the form of parent, teacher and self-report questionnaires, are used as diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Behavior rating scales consist of both ADHD-specific scales and broad-band scales designed to screen for various symptoms (including ADHD symptoms). ADHD-specific scales are useful in differential diagnosis, discrimination of subtype, treatment evaluation, However, broad-band scales are useful in preliminary examination. The neuropsychological tests can evaluate attention deficit and effect of attention deficit on cognitive function and academic performance. The neuropsychological tests also used in diagnosis and treatment evaluation of ADHD. Conclusion : For Assesment and Diagnosis of ADHD, various method are used, especially behavior rating scales are both useful and simple tool for diagnosis and treatment evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.159-176
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to provide initial information aboutthe reliability and validity of the Korean version of the BBRS-2(Burks Behaviors Rating Scales, Second Edition). Data were collected for 217 children aged 3-5. K-BBRS-2 consists of a total of 93 questions in 7 factors. The results were as follows. First, internal consistency of the7 factors ranged from 0.81 to 0.94.Results of the confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 7-factor model presented in the original tool was the most appropriate. Second, children's maladaptive behavior in Korea based on K-BBRS-2 indicated evidence of validity with a meaningful correlation with children's self-esteem and peer relationships. Third Korean children's maladaptive behavior was not to have significant difference by age of children. The conclusion was that it is not necessary to calculate independent norms for age. Also, when considering gender differences, it was shown that maladaptive behavior appears more in boys than girls. K-BBRS-2 is expected to be utilized as a suitable tool for measuring the maladaptive behavior of Korean children. A nationwide standardized study for Korean children and further research with clinical groups is needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.183-196
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• 2003

Objectives：The Purpose of this study is to investigate the reliability and validity of Korean Parent and Teacher Conners' Rating Scale. Methods：Randomly selected 1st to 6th graders of the two elementary schools(N=1044) in Anyang City participated in the study. Children diagnosed with ADHD(N=23) at the child and adolescent clinic at a university affiliated hospital were included in the study for the analysis of clinical validity of the scales. Parent and teacher completed Korean Conners' Rating Scale and Korean-ADHD Rating Scale(KARS). In addition, parents completed Korean-Children Behavior CheckList(K-CBCL). Descriptive statistics, t-test, and analysis of variance were performed. Results：Scores of Korean Conners' Parents Rating Scale were significantly correlated with those of Korean Conners Teacher Rating Scale. High internal consistency reliability were demonstrated in both parent and teacher rating scales. There were significant correlations among sub-scales of Conners' Rating Scales, K-CBCL and K-ARS. Factor analyses revealed that the K-CTRS had three-factor structure (Inattention-Passivity, Hyperactivity, Conduct Problem) and the K-CPRS had five-factor structure(Impulsive-Hyperactive, Conduct Problem I, Anxiety, Psychosomatic, Conduct Problem II). Conners' Rating Scales effectively distinguish children with ADHD from children without ADHD. Conclusion：Korean Parent and Teacher Conners' Rating Scales are valid and reliable instruments that are useful for screening and identifying childhood problem behaviors. Future studies are required with a larger number of sample sizes including adolescents from various geographic regions.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.15-27
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• 2005

The present study explored the dimensionality of children's prosocial behavior. An instrument for assessing prosocial behavior was developed with 8 variables(orientation for prosocial values, caring, comfort and social equality, helping, harmony among peers, cooperation, donation, sacrifice and concession) using a 5-point scale of 37 items. The reliability for the scale of 8 variables ranged from.75 to.86 by Cronbach's. Construct validity was indicated by self-report, peer rating, and teacher rating.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.35-48
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• 2005

This study was to examine the relationship between maternal interactive behaviors and stuttering behaviors in preschool children who stutter. Participants were twenty-four children who stutter and their mothers. For the purpose of the current study, 5$\sim$10 minutes of 50 minutes videotaped scenes originally collected to develop fluency assessment instrument were re-videotaped. They included mother-child interactions during playing with toys and reading book situations. Mothers-children interactive behaviors were assessed with Maternal Behavior Rating Sroles(MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS). And children's stuttering were assessed with Paradise-Fluency Assessment(P-FA). The results were as follows: 1) the maternal interactive behavior did not significantly differ depending on situations, but scores of maternal responsive factor were higher in the play situation than in the reading situation. 2) Maternal responsiveness might influence on promoting the children's pivotal behavior with children who stutter. And 3) the level of maternal responsiveness was the predictor of children's stuttering behaviors. The therapeutic implication of the results were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-188
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• 2005

To examine relationships between learning-related social skills(LRSS) and literacy development a sample of 167 children aged 5-6 years were selected from 3 preschools in Seoul. Instruments for measuring LRSS were the cooperation, assertion, and self-control scales of the Social Skills Rating System (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) and the mastery behaviors scales of the Child Behavior Rating Scale (Bronson, et al. 1990). Literacy development was measured by the Concepts about Print(Woon, 1999), the Learning Readiness Scale(Korean Educational Development Institution 1998), and the Writing Development Scale(Lee, 1997). Teachers rated children's LRSS. Data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, t-test, bivariate correlation, and regression analysis. LRSS correlated with children's literacy development. Mastery behaviors were the best predictor of literacy development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association for Survey Research Conference
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• 2000.06a
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• pp.89-115
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• 2000

The present study attempts to (1) identify the critical dimensions that affect job performance of computer programmers and (2) clarify the specific behaviors that are related to each performance dimension, and measure them fairly and accurately. In particular, this study focus on producing a Behaviorally anchored Rating Scales (BARS) with a high level of acceptability by both raters and rates. 422 computer programmers from 8 companies participated in the process of developing the scale, which consisted of typical 5 phases. The results demonstrated that 13 performance dimensions were derived and the final job performance rating scale was made by vertically arraying 5 representative behavior anchors order by their scale value for each of 13 dimensions.

• Survey Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.89-115
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• 2000

The present study attempts to (1) identify the critical dimensions that affect job performance of computer programmers and (2) clarify the specific behaviors that are related to each performance dimension, and measure them fairly and accurately. In particular, this study focus on producing a Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales(BARS) with a high level of acceptability by both raters and ratees. 422 computer programmers from 8 companies participated in the process of developing the scale, which consisted of typical 5 phases. The results demonstrated that 13 performance dimensions were derived and the final job performance rating scale was made by vertically arraying 5 representative behavior anchors ordered by their scale value for each of 13 dimensions.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-46
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• 2000

Pain can be evaluated by experimental methods and clinical methods, but due to subjective characteristics of pain, clinical methods are generally used. The clinical pain measurement tools are divided into unidimensional and multidimensional assessment tools. The former include Visual Analogue Scale, Verbal Rating Scale, Numerical Rating Scale, Pain Faces Scale, and Poker Chip Tool and the latter include McGill Pain Questionnaire, MMPI, Pain Behavior Scale, Pain disability index, and Pain Rating Scale. Unidimensional pain scales mainly measure the intensity of pain on the basis of the patient's self report and their simple construction and ease of use enable the invesgator to assess acute pain. Multidimensional pain scales are used to evaluate subjective, psychological and behavioral aspects of pain and because of its comprehensive and confidential properties they are applied to chronic pain. Patient's linguistic and cognitive abilities are major factors to restrain accurate assessment of pain. Although behavioral patterns and vital sign are inferior to self-report in the measurement of pain, they can be useful indexes in those situations. When deciding on a pain-assessment tool, the investigator must determine which aspect of pain he or she wishes to evaluate on the characteristics of the group of patients, their backgrounds, and their communication skills. Making the proper choice will facilitate the acquisition of meaningful data and the formulation of valid conclusions.