• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2024

본 연구에서는 지능형 NPC의 행동을 효과적으로 구현하기 위한 두 가지 주요 구조, 계층적 유한 상태 기계(Hierarchical Finite State Machine, HFSM)와 행동 트리(Behavior Tree)의 구조를 설계하고 실험용 게임을 제작하여 비교 및 분석하였다. 계층적 유한 상태 기계는 복잡한 상호작용 중심의 동작에 적합하여 상태 변화와 그 전이가 중요한 행동 메커니즘에서 효율적이고, 행동 트리는 동적 환경에서의 수정과 확장이 용이하여 다양한 조건 하에서의 동적반응이 중요한 행동 메커니즘에서 효율적이라는 분석 결과를 도출하였다. 이 두 구조를 유니티 엔진을 활용하여 실험적으로 적용하고 그 효율성을 검증하였다. 본 연구는 기본적인 구조 설계에 초점을 맞췄으며, 추후 개발 예정인 액션 어드벤쳐 탈출 게임에 이 구조를 적용할 예정이다. 본 연구의 결과는 게임 개발자들이 지능형 NPC를 효율적으로 구현하는데 도움을 주며, 게임의 퀄리티와 플레이어 만족도 향상에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2001년도 The Pacific Aisan Confrence On Intelligent Systems 2001
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• pp.456-463
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• 2001

Understanding and adapting to changes of customer behavior in internet shopping mall is an important aspect to survive in continuously changing environment. This paper develops a methodology based on decision tree algorithms to detect changes of customer behavior automatically from customer profiles and sales data at different time snapshots. We first define three types of changes as emerging pattern, unexpected change and the added/perished rule. Then, it is developed similarity and difference measures for rule matching to detect all types of change. Finally, the degree of change is developed to evaluate the amount of change. A Korean internet shopping mall case is evaluated to represent the performance of our methodology. And practical business implications for this methodology are also provided.

• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2014

Mobile devices are the most important equipment for accessing various kinds of services. These services are accessed using wireless signals, the same used for mobile calls. Today mobile services provide a fast and excellent way to access all kinds of information via mobile phones. Mobile service providers are interested to know the access behavior pattern of the users from different locations at different timings. In this paper, we have introduced an associated tree for analyzing user behavior patterns while moving from one location to another. We have used four different parameters, namely user, location, dwell time, and services. These parameters provide stronger frequent accessing patterns by matching joins. These generated patterns are valuable for improving web services, recommending new services, and predicting useful services for individuals or groups of users. In addition, an experimental evaluation has been conducted on simulated data. Finally, performance of the proposed approach has been measured in terms of efficiency and scalability. The proposed approach produces excellent results.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2005

This study was conducted to reveal tree species preference and inter-specific difference of foraging behavior among four canopy-dwelling birds at forest dominated by Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldian and Carpinus cordata at 1,000 meters above sea level during breeding season of birds from 1995 to 1997 in Mt. Jumbongsan. Breeding birds were about 25 species and dominant birds were Erithacus cyane, Parus ater and Parus palustris. A relatively high number of bush-nesters can be a characteristic of breeding bird community at study area. Three gleaners (Tits, P. varius, P. palustris and P. ater) selectively preferred the trees irrespective of dominant tree species, whereas bark foragers (Nuthatch, Sitta europaea) utilized the dominant trees. The four birds showed significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging location, but the three tits did not show significant inter-specific difference in use of foraging maneuver and trees. Closely related tits may coexist with each other by inter-specific different use of foraging location determined by foliage structure and leaf arrangement.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.221-231
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cyclic behavior of steel column-tree moment connections used in steel moment resisting frames. These connections are composed of shop-welded stub beam-to-column connection and field bolted beam-to-beam splice. In this study, the effects of beam splice length on the seismic performance of column-tree connections were experimentally investigated. The change of the beam splice location alters the bending moment and shear force at the splice, and this may affect the seismic performance of column-tree connections. Three full-scale test specimens of column-tree connections with the splice lengths of 900 mm, 1,100 mm, and 1,300 mm were fabricated and tested. The splice lengths were roughly 1/6, 1/7, 1/8 of the beam span length of 7,500 mm, respectively. The test results showed that all the specimens successfully developed ductile behavior without brittle fracture until 5% radians story drift angle. The maximum moment resisting capacity of the specimens showed little differences. The specimen with the splice length of 1,300 mm showed better bolt slip resistance than the other specimens due to the smallest bending moment at the beam splice.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

To establish the method for investigating the behavior of aerosol particles deposited on the leaf surface against fog water under natural conditions, scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) analysis and wash water analysis by ion chromatography after the washing treatment were performed using leaves of white birch collected from low part of the tree crown and the top of the tree in Sapporo City, Hokkaido, northern Japan. Each of collected leaves was divided into two parts according to the treatment performed: leaf surface (adaxial side) was 1) untreated, and 2) washed with deionized water with a pipette. In untreated samples, many particles of various shapes, including soil particles and organic debris, were deposited on the surface. Particles containing S were found on the surface of samples collected from only low part of the tree crown. After the washing treatment, SEM-EDX analysis revealed that soil particles and particles containing S had been washed off with water, although some particles such as soil particles and organic debris still remained on the leaf surface. The major anion such as $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was detected in wash water of all samples, although the peak of S in X-ray spectra was not detected from samples collected at top of the tree. The combination of SEM-EDX analysis with wash water analysis indicated that $SO{_4}^{2-}$ was deposited on the leaf surface in dissolved state and/or in state of submicron particles. These results suggested that fog water could remove soil particles and particles containing S and $SO{_4}^{2-}$ from the leaf surfaces, but not all particles. There was no difference in sampling position in the tree crown. Our study suggested that combination with SEM-EDX analysis and wash water analysis would be effective for investigation of the behavior of particles on the leaf surface against fog water.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.589-600
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• 2013

The Purpose of this paper is to analysis on consumer's purchasing behavior and intention of local food. To analysis consumer's purchasing behavior, a series of homemaker surveys were conducted. The sample size of the survey is 416 respectively. As a survey result, consumer's purchasing behavior shows that purchasing ratio of local food and buying place is various type. By decision tree model analysis showed that consumer's purchasing intention is enough to establishing local food system in region. Therefore, strategies for regional consumption are needed expression of the place city and county of origin, diversification of purchasing item and buying area, and sustainable improvement for safety and trust on local food.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.205-219
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• 2002

We deride formulas for the expected values $\mu$(n) of the independent domination numbers of a random planted plane tree and a random trivalent tree with n vertices, respectively, and we determine the asymptotic behavior of $\mu$(n) as n goes to infinity.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.569-579
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• 2013

To identify the characteristics of the dropping habits and to provide improved methods for sign survey of Siberian flying squirrels Pteromys volans, an investigation was carried out in Jirisan National Park from April 2012 to May 2013. The latrines of study area were checked once a month and the characteristics of dropping behavior were camera trapped. The feces of Siberian flying squirrel were found on the point which tree forked, mostly from November to May. The squirrel actively presents in forked tree mainly on the September to April. The Siberian flying squirrel is found to be a typical nocturnal animal as it actively move between 6p.m. to 7a.m.. The study found that squirrel does feeding and dropping in the winter time on forked tree. On the point which tree forked could be a good place for the squirrel to hide from their predator when there is no leaf on the tree. Conducting the sign survey is advisable from November to May, as well as with the careful approach to the animals. As Siberian flying squirrel is an endangered species, adjusting the survey period is mandatory, especially when doing environmental impact assessment and a research on its dwelling areas.

• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2006

We propose a planning algorithm to automatically generate a robust behavior plan (RBP) with which mobile robots can achieve their task goal from any initial states under dynamically changing environments. For this, task description space (TDS) is formulated, where a redundant task configuration space and simulation model of physical space are employed. Successful task episodes are collected, where $A^*$ algorithm is employed. Interesting TDS state vectors are extracted, where occurrence frequency is used. Clusters of TDS state vectors are found by using state transition tuples and features of state transition tuples. From these operations, characteristics of successfully performed tasks by a simulator are abstracted and generalized. Then, a robust behavior plan is constructed as an ordered tree structure, where nodes of the tree are represented by attentive TDS state vector of each cluster. The validity of our method is tested by real robot's experimentation for a box-pushing-into-a-goal task.