• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.5 no.2 s.9
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• pp.182-189
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• 2001

Single-pass VDD pacemakers have been used as a result of simple implantation procedures and generally reliable atrial tracking that ensures an A-V sequence pacing. However, there is a controversy over their reliabilities of atrial tracking. As a new sensing method for reliable atrial tracking, a simple automatic pacemaker sensing algorithm was implemented and evaluated to validate its benefits in sensing depolarization waves of Single-pass VDD atrial electrograms. The automatic sensing algorithm had a predetermined sensing dynamic range and the sensitivity level was controlled as 50% of the average of two most recently sensed intrinsic amplitudes. The behavior of the automatic sensing algorithm in the Single-pass VDD atrial electrograms was analyzed and characterized. It was observed that the automatic sensing algorithm was more effective than a conventional fixed threshold method to accurately detect and track p-waves in Single-pass VDD electrograms.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.121-132
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• 2015

This study suggests a design for an analytical software program and method for multitasking e-sports viewing through the web using an eye tracking device. To fulfill this task, we designed a Window of Interest (WOI) to measure and record visually on a screen wherever numerous multitasking activities occur. In addition, we developed an OBS (Opensource Broadcaster Software) plug-in that records and streams participant viewing behavior patterns in real time. The purpose of this study is as follows. First, unlike existing tools that limit web interface recording to still images, the developed tool can record dynamically via media such as videos. Second, when several windows are processed on a screen, the tool can accurately record the gaze positions of the participants. Lastly, the tool can enhance the objective validity of the data as it can be implemented in natural situations. Therefore, this study can trace natural viewing patterns and behavior as we do not create artificial experimental environments and stimuli.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2008

This paper describes on the consolidation of AIS and ARPA radar positions by comparing the AIS and ARPA radar information for the tracked ship targets using a PC-based ECDIS in Busan harbor, Korea. The information of AIS and ARPA radar target was acquired independently, and the tracking parameters such as ship's position, COG, SOG, gyro heading, rate of turn, CPA, TCPA, ship s name and MMSI etc. were displayed automatically on the chart of a PC-based ECDIS with radar overlay and ARPA tracking. The ARPA tracking information obtained from the observed radar images of the target ship was compared with the AIS information received from the same vessel to investigate the difference in the position and movement behavior between AIS and ARPA tracked target ships. For the ARPA radar and AIS targets to be consolidated, the differences in range, speed, course, bearing and distance between their targets were estimated to obtain a clear standards for the consolidation of ARPA radar and AIS targets. The average differences between their ranges, their speeds and their courses were 2.06% of the average range, -0.11 knots with the averaged SOG of 11.62 knots, and $0.02^{\circ}$ with the averaged COG of $37.2^{\circ}$, respectively. The average differences between their bearings and between their positions were $-1.29^{\circ}$ and 68.8m, respectively. From these results, we concluded that if the ROT, COG, SOG, and HDG informations are correct, the AIS system can be improved the prediction of a target ship's path and the OOW(Officer of Watch) s ability to anticipate a traffic situation more accurately.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.175-179
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• 2022

The physical properties of biomaterials are important for their isolation and separation from body fluids. In particular, the precise evaluation of the multi-physical properties of single biomolecules is essential in that the correlation between physical and biological properties of specific biomolecule. However, the majority of scientific equipment, can only determine specific-physical properties of single nanoparticles, making the evaluation of the multi-physical properties difficult. The improvement of analytical techniques for the evaluation of multi-physical properties is therefore required in various research fields. In this study, we developed a motion-tracking algorithm to evaluate the multi-physical properties of single-nanoparticles by analyzing their behavior. We observed the Brownian motion and electric-field-induced drift of fluorescent nanoparticles injected in a microfluidic chip with two electrodes using confocal microscopy. The proposed algorithm is able to determine the size of the nanoparticles by i) removing the background noise from images, ii) tracking the motion of nanoparticles using the circular-Hough transform, iii) extracting the mean squared displacement (MSD) of the tracked nanoparticles, and iv) applying the MSD to the Stokes-Einstein equation. We compared the evaluated size of the nanoparticles with the size measured by SEM. We also determined the zeta-potential and surface-charge density of the nanoparticles using the extracted electrophoretic velocity and the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The proposed motion-tracking algorithm could be employed in various fields related to biomaterial analysis, such as exosome analysis.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.334-351
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• 2018

Teacher's gaze empathy for students in science class is considered to be effective in enhancing the learning effect. Thus, studies on gaze empathy have been conducted, but most of the studies are just to reveal the characteristics of gaze. Therefore, it is necessary to deal with a research to raise the level of science teacher's gaze empathy. The purpose of this study is to develop an instruction consulting strategy based on eye tracking for improving science teachers' gaze empathy. In this study, we selected and analyzed relevant literature on teacher's gaze empathy. We also designed a consulting strategy and then revised the design through expert reviews on validity and reliability. The developed consulting strategy was aimed to improve science teacher's gaze empathy and set quantitative goal based on eye tracking. The consulting strategy consisted of six steps: preparation for consulting, measurement and analysis of teacher's gaze empathy, instruction and feedback of gaze empathy, training for improving gaze empathy, evaluation of consulting result, and completion of the consulting. In addition, the consultation was completed or repeated again through the measurement and evaluation of gaze empathy using eye tracking. The developed consulting strategy has a value in that it provides an alternative with quantitative diagnosis and prescription for improving gaze empathy. The strategy can contribute to enhance teacher professional competency through the analysis of teaching behavior.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 1999

Changes in certain fish behaviors are known to be very sensitive indicators of sublethal exposure to environmental contaminants. Therefore, behavioral toxicity tests, if properly designed, can be very useful to assess the influence of hazardous chemicals on fish. However, quantitative analysis of xenobiotic-mediated changes in locomotor behavior in fishes are rare, due mainly to the methodological difficulties. In general, fish movement has been known to be hypertrophic or hypotrophic according to the chemicals. As a study of fish behavioral toxicities, we qualified the swimming movement of Oryzias latipes using computer-automated video tracking system. Oryzias latipes was exposed to cadmium of 128 mg/L for 1 hour in a limited aquaria, then the total swimming distance, the average swimming velocity, the histogram of turning angles, and the turning frequency were analyzed. Fish treated with cadmium showed decreased swimming activities, decreased velocity, and decreased turning frequency, which means hypotrophic activity. From these results, the computer-automated video tracking system of this study seems to be a good tool for the evaluation of the potential ecotoxicological studies.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.223-229
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• 2012

Clinical and preclinical in vivo immune cell imaging approaches have been used to study immune cell proliferation, apoptosis and interaction at the microscopic (intra-vital imaging) and macroscopic (whole-body imaging) level by use of ex vivo or in vivo labeling method. A series of imaging techniques ranging from non-radiation based techniques such as optical imaging, MRI, and ultrasound to radiation based CT/nuclear imaging can be used for in vivo immune cell tracking. These imaging modalities highlight the intrinsic behavior of different immune cell populations in physiological context. Fluorescent, radioactive or paramagnetic probes can be used in direct labeling protocols to monitor the specific cell population. Reporter genes can also be used for genetic, indirect labeling protocols to track the fate of a given cell subpopulation in vivo. In this review, we summarized several methods dealing with dendritic cell, macrophage, and T lymphocyte specifically labeled for different macroscopic whole-body imaging techniques both for the study of their physiological function and in the context of immunotherapy to exploit imaging-derived information and immune-based treatments.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1678-1688
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• 2016

This paper presents a capacitive power transfer (CPT) system using a Class-E resonant inverter. A Class-E resonant inverter is chosen because of its ability to perform DC-to-AC inversion efficiently while significantly reducing switching losses. The proposed CPT system consists of an efficient Class-E resonant inverter and capacitive coupling formed by two flat rectangular transmitter and receiver plates. To understand CPT behavior, we study the effects of various coupling distances on output power performance. The proposed design is verified through lab experiments with a nominal operating frequency of 1 MHz and 0.25 mm coupling gap. An efficiency of 96.3% is achieved. A simple frequency tracking unit is also proposed to tune the operating frequency in response to changes in the coupling gap. With this resonant frequency tracking unit, the efficiency of the proposed CPT system can be maintained within 96.3%-91% for the coupling gap range of 0.25-2 mm.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.383-388
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• 2013

Metal flow of the beam blank during H-beam rolling was examined in order to correlate the rolling defects with the beam blank configuration. For this purpose, H-beam rolling was performed on the beam blank where stainless steel bolts were inserted as the marker at the web and flange. The positional variation of the marker was monitored at each rolling pass, and the result was compared with the 3D FEM simulation employing the point tracking function. The simulation results were reasonably agreed with the experimental within the error of 0.5~1mm on both web and flange of the H-beam. It is anticipated that the 3D FEM simulation employing the point tracking function provides the guidance information on analyzing the correlation between the rolling defects and the beam blank configuration in H-beam rolling.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.273-281
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• 2013

The movement patterns of fish aggregations swimming freely near artificial reefs on August 24, 2006, at Suyeong Man, Busan, Korea, were acoustically investigated and analyzed. Acoustic surveys were conducted using a 70kHz split-beam echo sounder, 330 kHz side-scan sonar and a 310 kHz imaging sonar. Algorithms for tracking the movement of fish aggregations swimming in response to artificial reefs were developed. The travel direction and the swimming speed for two aggregations of fish were estimated from the trajectory orientations of echo responses recorded by the imaging sonar.The first group was floating just above the reef structure, while remaining in the midwater column, and the second group was swimming through and around artificial reefs near the seabed. The mean swimming speed was estimated to be 0.40 m/s for the midwater fish aggregation and 0.17 m/s for the bottom aggregation close to artificial reefs. These results suggest that the swimming behavior of fish aggregations passing close to artificial reefs near the seabed displayed a slower moving pattern than fish floating just above the reef structure in the midwater column.