• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.230-237
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• 2015

Purpose: Various gastrointestinal factors may contribute to maladaptive behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). To determine the association between maladaptive behavior in children with ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms such as severity, intestinal microbiota, inflammation, enterocyte damage, permeability and absorption of opioid peptides. Methods: This observational cross-sectional study compared children with ASD to healthy controls, aged 2-10 years. Maladaptive behavior was classified using the Approach Withdrawal Problems Composite subtest of the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory. Dependent variables were gastrointestinal symptom severity index, fecal calprotectin, urinary D-lactate, urinary lactulose/mannitol excretion, urinary intestinal fatty acids binding protein (I-FABP) and urinary opioid peptide excretion. Results: We did not find a significant difference between children with ASD with severe or mild maladaptive behavior and control subjects for gastrointestinal symptoms, fecal calprotectin, urinary D-lactate, and lactulose/mannitol ratio. Urinary opioid peptide excretion was absent in all children. Children with ASD with severe maladaptive behavior showed significantly higher urinary I-FABP levels compared to those with mild maladaptive behavior (p=0.019) and controls (p=0.015). Conclusion: In our series, maladaptive behavior in ASD children was not associated with gastrointestinal symptoms, intestinal inflammation (no difference in calprotectin), microbiota (no difference in urinary D-lactate) and intestinal permeability (no difference in lactulose/manitol ratio). ASD children with severe maladaptive behavior have significantly more enterocyte damage (increased urinary I-FABP) than ASD children with mild maladaptive behavior and normal children.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제42권9호
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• pp.161-175
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• 2004

This study aimed to find the general tendencies of parental family-of-origin experiences and conflict and their children's behavioral problems as a function of a child's sex, as well as the causal relationships among these variables. Three hundred and five 4th and 5th graders filled out the Korean Version of Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist. Parents of these children answered the Family-of-Origin Scale and Marital Conflict Inventory. The results were as follows. 1) Fathers experienced more of emotional cut-off from their family of origin than mothers did. However, mothers had more of triangulation and emotional separation from their family of origin than fathers did. 2) Both fathers and mothers reported that mothers had more of marital conflicts. 3) Daughters showed more physical symptoms than sons while sons showed more delinquent behaviors. 4) While parental experiences from the family-of-origin effected the parents' marital conflicts, they didn't influence the children's behavioral problems through marital conflicts.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2019

목적 : 본 연구는 능동적 구강놀이 병행한 Ayres Sensory Integration^®(ASI^®) 적용이 아동의 구강 민감도와 섭식행동의 문제에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 발달지연으로 진단받은 만 3세 6개월의 남자 아동을 대상으로 2018년 8월부터 2018년 9월까지 능동적 구강놀이 병행한 Ayres Sensory Integration^®(ASI^®)를 실시하였다. 실험설계는 단일사례연구(single-subject design) 중 ABA'설계를 사용하였고 15회기의 중재를 시행하였다. 중재기간 동안 아동의 구강민감도 변화를 측정하기 위해 임상 구강민감도 측정(Measuring Oral Sensitivity in Practice)을 실시하였다. 구강감각처리 어려움으로 섭식활동에 영향을 주는 행동은 한국형 섭취 행동 검사(Korean Children's Eating Behavior Inventory; K-CEBI), 식품 섭취 빈도 체크리스트를 중재 전후로 실시하였다. 결과 : 능동적 구강놀이와 ASI 중재기간 동안 임상 구강민감도와 섭취행동의 문제는 감소하였고 편식행동에는 변화가 없었다. 결론 : 능동적 구강놀이 병행한 ASI 중재는 아동의 구강민감도와 섭취행동의 문제를 감소하는데 긍정적인 효과가 있었다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.250-257
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the effects of training using the slime on the hand function and problem behavior in adults with intellectual disabilities. Methods: Five adults with intellectual disabilities who were judged as Level 1 or Level 2 were selected. The training consisted of one session (50 min)/day, one day/week for 10 weeks (preparatory activities: 5 min, slime activities: 40 min, finishing activities: 5 min) The functions of the hand (Purdue Pegboard Test [PPT], grip strength test [GST]) and problem behavior (Korean Behavior Problems Inventory [KBPI]) were assessed three times (first assessment; pre, second assessment; post-5 weeks, third assessment; post-10 weeks). Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to analyze changes in the subjects' performance before and after the intervention. Results: In the PPT, the use of the non-dominant hand was increased significantly (p<0.05). No significant differences were observed in the remaining results, but the mean value increased. In addition, although the problem behavior was not statistically significant, an increase in the problem behavior score was noted. Conclusion: The training using the slime for adults with intellectual disabilities is effective in hand function improvement and reducing problem behavior.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2017

모래놀이치료는 여러 가지 문제행동을 나타내는 아동청소년에서 유용한 임상치료방법이다. 본 연구는 문제행동을 주소로 내원한 20명의 청소년을 대상으로 10주간의 집단모래놀이 치료를 수행하였으며 정서 및 행동에 대한 임상효과를 미네소타 다면적 인성검사-2(MMPI-2)를 통하여 객관적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 모래놀이 치료 후에 청소년은 시행 전 Baseline에 비해서 우울증, 신체증상호소, 사회적 불편감, 정신운동지체, 신체적 기능장애, 애정욕구, 기태적 감각경험, 수줍음/자의식 등의 임상척도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 모래놀이치료는 학교부적응 고등학생의 정서적 문제뿐만 아니라 신체적인 문제에도 임상적인 효과가 있는 것으로 추정된다.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of attention, intellectual functioning and adaptation of girls with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods : The scores of the ADHD Diagnostic System (ADS), the Korean Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) and the Korean Personality Inventory for Children (KPI-C) were compared between 26 girls with ADHD and 26 boys with ADHD. Results : 1) There was no significant gender difference in the intellectual functioning, except for the picture completion subscale. 2) Compared to the boys, the girls responded more slowly on the ADS visual task. 3) The girls were rated higher by their parents for the depression and social relationship problems of the KPI-C. Conclusion : The results suggest that there are noticeable gender differences for the attention problems and social functioning of children with ADHD.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1987

This study was to explore the level of self-actualization of the students in Korea Air and Correspondence University. The study subjects consisted of 507 students who visited the counseling center for taking advices to several psychosocial problems due to distance education through nursing counseling. The self actualization of the subjects evaluated by the self-actualization Inventory standardized by Kim and Lee in Korea. It consisted of 130 two-choice comparative value and behavior judgements. The items also consisted of two basic scales: one is inner directed scale (107 items) and the other is time competence (23 items) which included eight subscales, each of which measures a conceptually important element of self-actualization. Analysis of finding was as follows: 1) The self-actualization mean score of the total subjects was characterized by normal value within normal range of scale. The highest subscale score was NC scale: the lowest scale was EX scale. 2) The mean score of time competence scale of female student was higher than male student's time competence scale. 3) There was no significant differences in self aclualization among 4 groups in age. 4) There was also no significant differences in self-actualization between the group taken one time nursing counseling and the group taken two more times nursing counseling. 5) The problems of Job, learning, personality and further study, significantly had effects on the score of self-actualization level.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.475-484
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• 2018

Purpose: To examine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and differentiate factors associated with them in urban and rural areas by applying the Ecological Models of Health Behavior. Methods: We employed a cross-sectional design and convenience sample of 460 female adolescents. The instruments included the Adolescent Mental-Health Problem-Behavior Questionnaire (AMPQ-II) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Results: Depressive symptoms were confirmed in 15.7% of urban adolescents and 22.9% of rural adolescents (p<.05). In the urban group, perception of health and stress associated with school performance were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. In the rural group, academic/internet related problems and rule violations were significantly associated with depressive symptoms (p<.05). General life happiness, worry/anxiety, and mood/suicidal ideation were common factors in both urban and rural areas (p<.05). Conclusion: Multiple factors were associated with depressive symptoms, and those significant factors differed between urban and rural female youths. Accordingly, tailored approaches are required considering urban and rural differences. The approaches should include intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational levels of interventions.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.218-228
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• 2003

목 적：본 연구에서는 정신과를 방문한 아동들의 정서 및 행동 문제와 어머니의 우울증, 양육 스트레스간의 관계를 알아보고, 특히, 이러한 변인들이 어머니의 양육 스트레스에 어떠한 영향을 주는지 알아보았다. 방 법：DSM-IV 진단 준거에 근거한 정신과 전문의의 소견과 심리학적 평가에 의해 외현화 행동 장애, 내면화 행동 장애, 혼재형 행동 장애로 각각 진단된 73명의 아동과 그 어머니들을 대상으로 하였다. 모든 아동의 어머니는 다면적 인성검사(MMPI)와 한국아동인성검사(KPI-C) 및 양육스트레스 척도(PSI)를 작성하였고, 변량분석, 상관분석, 단계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결 과：외현화 행동 장애와 내면화 행동 장애, 혼재형 행동 장애를 가진 아동의 각 집단별 어머니들의 우울감은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 양육 스트레스를 종속변인으로한 2요인 변량분석 결과, 외현화 행동장애와 혼재형 행동장애에서 아동 영역 양육 스트레스 하위 요인 중 주의산만/과잉행동 요인이 내현화 행동장애 아동보다 더 심각한 스트레스로 작용하였고, 어머니의 우울 여부의 주효과는 전반적 양육 스트레스 총점, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스 총점, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스의 하위 요인 중 우울, 부모의 건강, 배우자와의 관계의 요인에서 각각 유의미하였다. 아동의 증상 심각도가 양육 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 알아본 결과, 아동 영역 양육 스트레스에 대해서는 아동의 과잉행동과 불안이, 부모 영역 양육 스트레스에 대해서는 어머니의 우울 수준이 각각 유의미한 효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 결 론：본 결과는 우울한 어머니들의 경우, 아동의 증상 심각도 보다는 어머니의 우울 수준이 전반적인 양육 스트레스에 더 많은 영향을 미치므로, 우울한 어머니들에서는, 아동의 증상에 대한 치료와는 별도로 어머니의 심리적 적응에 개별적인 치료적 접근이 필요함을 시사한다.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.171-191
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to develop social skill training in order to reduce problematic behaviors and improve peer relations for elementary school students who have ADHD(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and then verify its effectiveness. The problems for this study are as follows: Firstly, is the social skill training for students with ADHD effective in enhancing their self-esteem? Secondly, is the social skill training for students with ADHD effective in reducing their carelessness, hyperactivity and impulsive character? Thirdly, is the social skill training for students with ADHD effective in improving peer relations? Subjects were six 5th grade children who were selected by the ADHD-SC4 at P elementary school in Pyeongtaek. The social skill training consisted of 10 sessions which included forming friendship, recognizing, making friends, solving problems, reeducation and evaluation. Qualitative data were collected through self-esteem inventory, peer-relation test, self-reported scales for children and Conners' Teacher rating score for ADHD children. The collected data were analysed with t-test. Qualitative data were collected though teacher's interview and observation an the children. The results of the study were follows: First, the social skill training did not give a significant effect in enhancing the self-esteem of the children with ADHD. Second, the social skill training had a positive effect in reducing in attentiveness, hyperactivity and impulsive behavior of the children with ADHD. Third, the social skill training did not give a significant effect in improving the peer relations of the children with ADHD. Fourth the qualitative data showed that the social skill training had positive effect in enhancing over all classroom behavior.