• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.677-684
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• 2004

This paper describes a method for identifying the dynamic characteristics of air foil bearings for high speed turbomachinerys with the LS/IV method. In fact identifying the characteristics of air foil bearings is very difficult work, and it is tried to identify it. Experiments were conducted to determine the structural dynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of air foil bearings. Numerical predictions compare the static and dynamic force performances. The housing of the bearing on the journal was driven by the impact hammer which were used to simulate impact force acting on air foil bearings. The characteristics of air foil bearings were extracted from the frequency response function (FRF) by LS(Least Square) method and IV(Instrumental Variable) method. The experiment was tested at 0 rpm and $10000\sim16000rpm$. And the test results were introduced about the dynamic characteristics of air foil bearings, and also compared with theoritical results.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.225-229
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• 2019

자기베어링은 기계적인 마찰이 없고 안정적인 동역학 특성을 갖기 때문에 진공 및 청정 환경이나 고정도가 요구되는 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있다. 그러나 자기베어링은 다양한 장점에도 불구하고 일반적으로 제어기가 복잡해서 적용 범위의 확산이 제한적이다. 본 논문에서는 복잡도가 낮은 디지털 방식의 자기베어링 제어기를 제안하였다. 또한 디지털 제어기 성능열화의 주된 원인인 아날로그 신호를 디지털 신호로 변환하는 과정에서 발생하는 오류와 제어 알고리즘 구현상의 문제점들을 분석하고 해결하였다. 제안한 제어기를 실제 자기베어링에 적용한 실험을 통해 제어기가 자기부상 목표 정밀도를 갖는 것을 확인하였다.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.171-177
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• 2021

In terms of distribution planning, accurate electric load prediction is one of the most important factors. The future load prediction has manually been performed by calculating the maximum electric load considering loads transfer/switching and multiplying it with the load increase rate. In here, the risk of human error is inherent and thus an automated maximum electric load forecasting system is required. Although there are many existing methods and techniques to predict future electric loads, such as regression analysis, many of them have limitations in reflecting the nonlinear characteristics of the electric load and the complexity due to Photovoltaics (PVs), Electric Vehicles (EVs), and etc. This study, therefore, proposes a method of predicting future electric loads on distribution lines by using Machine Learning (ML) method that can reflect the characteristics of these nonlinearities. In addition, predictive models were developed based on actual data collected at KEPCO's existing distribution lines and the adequacy of developed models was verified as well. Also, as the distribution planning has a direct bearing on the investment, and amount of investment has a direct bearing on the maximum electric load, various baseline such as maximum, lowest, median value that can assesses the adequacy and accuracy of proposed ML based electric load prediction methods were suggested.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2023

Fix-to-Fix 항법은 항공기 조종사가 항행 중 현재 지점에서 원하는 특정 지점으로 이동할 때 예상 Heading을 구하기 위해 사용하는 방법이다. 하지만 이 항법은 경험에 의한 주먹구구식 방법에 기반을 두고 있기 때문에 대략적인 방향만 알 수 있을 뿐 정확한 값을 알 수는 없다. 게다가 원하는 지점에 가까워져 Radial차가 작아져 HSI상의 Bearing Pointer와 Course Indicator가 인접하게 되면, 이 방법조차 사용하기 까다로워 예상 Heading은 더욱 구하기 어렵게 된다. 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위해 삼각함수의 극한을 Fix-to-Fix 항법에 도입하였다. 본 논문에서는 Fix-to-Fix 항법을 할 때 이러한 한계를 보완할 수 있는, 삼각함수의 극한을 활용한 두 가지 방법을 제시하고 그 오차를 분석하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2023

Face gear transmission is widely used in aerospace shunt-confluence transmission system. Tooth wear is one of the main factors affecting its bearing transmission performance. Furthermore, the installation errors of face gear are inevitable. In order to study the wear mechanism of face gear tooth surface with installation errors, based on tooth contact analysis numerical method and Archard wear theory, the UMESHMOTION subroutine in ABAQUS is developed.Combining with Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian adaptive mesh technology, the finite element mesh wear model of abraded face gear pair is established.The preprocessing conditions are set to generate the inp files.Then,the inp files for each corner are imported and batch processed in ABAQUS.The loading tooth contact problem at each rotation angle is solved and the load distribution coefficient among gear tooth, tooth root bending stress, tooth surface contact stress and loaded transmission error are obtained. Results show that the tooth root wear is the most serious and the wear at the pitch cone is close to 0.The wear law of tooth surface along tooth width direction is convex parabola and the wear law along tooth height direction is concave parabola.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.97-107
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• 2024

The accurate prediction of grouting upward diffusion height is crucial for estimating the bearing capacity of tip-grouted piles. Borehole construction during the installation of bored piles induces soil unloading, resulting in both radial stress loss in the surrounding soil and an impact on grouting fluid diffusion. In this study, a modified model is developed for predicting grout diffusion height. This model incorporates the classical rheological equation of power-law cement grout and the cavity reverse expansion model to account for different degrees of unloading. A series of single-pile tip grouting and static load tests are conducted with varying initial grouting pressures. The test results demonstrate a significant effect of vertical grout diffusion on improving pile lateral friction resistance and bearing capacity. Increasing the grouting pressure leads to an increase in the vertical height of the grout. A comparison between the predicted values using the proposed model and the actual measured results reveals a model error ranging from -12.3% to 8.0%. Parametric analysis shows that grout diffusion height increases with an increase in the degree of unloading, with a more pronounced effect observed at higher grouting pressures. Two case studies are presented to verify the applicability of the proposed model. Field measurements of grout diffusion height correspond to unloading ratios of 0.68 and 0.71, respectively, as predicted by the model. Neglecting the unloading effect would result in a conservative estimate.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2009

This paper presents a linear air bearing stage with compensated motion errors by active control of preloads generated by magnetic actuators with combination of permanent and electromagnets. A 1-axis linear stage motorized with a linear motor with 240mm of travel range is built for verifying this design concept and tested its performances. The three motions of the table are controlled with four magnetic actuators driven by current amplifiers and a DSP based digital controller. Three motion errors were measured combined method with laser interferometer and two-probe method with $0.085{\mu}m$ of repeatability for straightness error. The measured motion errors were modeled as functions of the stage position, and compensation were carried out with feedforward control because the characteristics of the motion control with magnetic actuators are linear and independent for each degree-of-freedoms. As the results, the errors were reduced from $1.09{\mu}m$ to $0.11{\mu}m$ for the vertical motion, from 9.42 sec to 0.18 sec for the pitch motion and from 2.42 sec to 0.18 sec for roll motion.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.129-147
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• 2022

The properties of soil are naturally highly variable and thus, to ensure proper safety and reliability, we need to test a large number of samples across the length and depth. In pile foundations, conducting field tests are highly expensive and the traditional empirical relations too have been proven to be poor in performance. The study proposes a state-of-art Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) hybridized Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) and Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS); and comparative analysis of metaheuristic models (ANN-PSO, ELM-PSO, ANFIS-PSO) for prediction of bearing capacity of pile foundation trained and tested on dataset of nearly 300 dynamic pile tests from the literature. A novel ensemble model of three hybrid models is constructed to combine and enhance the predictions of the individual models effectively. The authenticity of the dataset is confirmed using descriptive statistics, correlation matrix and sensitivity analysis. Ram weight and diameter of pile are found to be most influential input parameter. The comparative analysis reveals that ANFIS-PSO is the best performing model in testing phase (R² = 0.85, RMSE = 0.01) while ELM-PSO performs best in training phase (R² = 0.88, RMSE = 0.08); while the ensemble provided overall best performance based on the rank score. The performance of ANN-PSO is least satisfactory compared to the other two models. The findings were confirmed using Taylor diagram, error matrix and uncertainty analysis. Based on the results ELM-PSO and ANFIS-PSO is proposed to be used for the prediction of bearing capacity of piles and ensemble learning method of joining the outputs of individual models should be encouraged. The study possesses the potential to assist geotechnical engineers in the design phase of civil engineering projects.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2022

지반조사방법 중 표준관입시험 결과인 N치를 통해 알 수 있는 지반 지지층의 깊이는 각종 지반 구조물의 설계를 위한 기본적인 지반 정보를 제공하는 중요한 지표이다. 이러한 지반조사 결과는 시간과 비용 측면을 고려해 간헐적으로 수행될 수밖에 없으며, 그 결과는 현장 지반의 대표성을 갖게 된다. 그러나 지반 내에는 다양한 지층 변동성 및 불확실성이 존재하므로 간헐적인 현장조사를 통해 지반의 특성을 모두 파악하는 것은 어렵다. 따라서 시추공 정보로부터 미계측 지점을 예측하기 위한 방법들이 제시되어 왔으며, 대표적인 방법으로는 공간보간기법인 크리깅(Krigging), 역거리가중법(IDW)등이 있다. 최근에는 보간기법의 정확성을 높이기 위해 지반분야와 딥러닝 기술을 접목한 연구들이 수행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 약 2만 2천공의 지반조사 결과를 바탕으로 딥러닝과 공간보간기법으로 지반 지지층 깊이 예측을 위한 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 딥러닝 알고리즘인 완전연결 네트워크와 포인트넷 방법, 공간보간기법으로는 IDW를 사용하였다. 각 분석 모델의 지지층 예측 결과 중 오차의 평균은 IDW가 3.01m 였으며, 완전연결 네트워크 및 포인트넷이 각 3.22m와 2.46m 였다. 결과의 표준편차는 IDW가 3.99였으며, 완전연결네트워크와 포인트넷이 3.95와 3.54로 나타났다. 연구 결과 3차원 정보에 특화된 포인트넷 구조를 적용한 네트워크가 IDW 및 완전연결 네트워크에 비해 개선된 결과를 나타냈다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.956-959
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• 2004

Recently the monitoring system of tool setting in high speed precision machining center is required for manufacturing products that have highly complex and small shape, high precision and high function. It is very important to reduce time to setup tool in order to improve the machining precision and the productivity and to protect the breakage of cutting tool as the shape of product is smaller and more complex. Generally, the combination of errors that geometrical clamping error of fixing tool at the spindle of machining tool and the asynchronized error of driving mechanism causes that the run-out of tool reaches to 3$^{\sim}$20 times of the thickness of cutting chip. And also the run-out is occurred by the misalignment between axis of tool shank and axis of spindle and spindle bearing in high speed rotation. Generally, high speed machining is considered when the rotating speed is more than 8,000 rpm. At that time, the life time of tool is reduced to about 50% and the roughness of machining surface is worse as the run-out is increased to 10 micron. The life time of tool could be increased by making monitoring of tool-setup easy, quick and precise in high speed machining tool. This means the consumption of tool is much more reduced. And also it reduces the manufacturing cost and increases the productivity by reducing the tool-setup time of operator. In this study, in order to establish the concept of tool-setup monitoring the measuring method of the geometrical error of tool system is studied when the spindle is stopped. And also the measuring method of run-out, dynamic error of tool system, is studied when the spindle is rotated in 8,000${\sim}$60,000 rpm. The dynamic phenomena of tool-setup are analyzed by implementing the monitoring system of rotating tool system and the non-contact measuring system of micro displacement in high speed.