• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.63-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to develop a new connection method between steel beams and PC columns known as SL connectors. Composite moment frames consisting of PC columns (or composite columns) and steel beams make the best use of advantages of both concrete and steel materials. However, the connection between two members of different materials can be complex and/or increase the fabrication costs significantly. The concept of SL connectors is based on using wedges and the emphasis is on a self-locking (SL) feature. SL connectors are easy to install and provide better seismic performance compared to conventional connections. To evaluate the seismic performance of the steel beam-to-PC column joints with SL connectors, cyclic load tests were conducted. Test result showed that steel beam-to-concrete column joint with SL connectors was able to provide sufficient performance for use in seismic resistant moment frames.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2022

In the structural analysis of steel frames, joints are generally considered as rigid or hinged considering their moment transfer ability. However, the first studies conducted with the beginning of the 20th century showed that the joints do not actually fit these two definitions. In reality, a joint behaves between these two extreme points and is called semi-rigid. Including the actual state of the joint in the structural analysis provides significant economic advantages, so the subject is an intense field of study today. However, it does not find enough application area in practice. For this reason, a large-scale literature published from the first studies on the subject to the present has been examined within the scope of the study. Three important points have been identified in order to examine a joint realistically; modelling the load-displacement relationship, performing the structural analysis and how to design. Joint modelling methods were grouped under 7 main headings as analytical, empirical, mechanical, numerical, informational, hybrid and experimental. In addition to the moment-rotation, other important external load effects like axial force, shear and torsion were considered. Various evaluations were made to expand the practical application area of semi-rigid connections by examining analysis methods and design approaches. Dynamic behaviour was also included in the study, and besides column-beam connections, other important connection types such as beam-beam, column-beam-cross, base connection were also examined in this paper.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2017

A beam splice method using inclined end-plates and high-strength tension bolts was developed. The end-plates welded to a bracket and a spliced beam are connected each other by using the tension bolts. In the present study, six exterior beam-to-column moment connections were tested under cyclic loading. Test parameters were the end-plate details and bolt arrangements. All specimens were designed so that moment resistances of the end-plates and bolts were greater than the required moment at the beam splice, in accordance with the design methods of AISC Design Guide 4. Test results showed that in the beam splices with the extended end-plates, the beam moment successfully transferred to the bracket, without any defeats such as excessive prying action of the end plates and brittle failure at the end plate-to-beam flange weld joints. However, the deformation capacities of the overall beam-to-column connections were limited due to the brittle failure of the beam-to-column flange weld joints. From the test results, recommendations for seismic design and detailing of the beam-to-column moment connection with inclined end-plate beam splice were given.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2017

Experimental and numerical studies of a newly developed Reduced Beam Section (RBS) connection, called Tubular Web RBS connection (TW-RBS) have been recently conducted. This paper presents experimental and numerical results of extending the plastic hinge length on the beam flange to increase energy dissipation of a proposed version of the TW-RBS connection with two pipes, (TW-RBS(II)), made by replacing a part of flat web with two steel tubular web at the desirable location of the beam plastic hinge. Two deep-beam specimens with two pipes are prepared and tested under cyclic loads. Obtained results reveal that the TW-RBS(II) like its type I, increases story drift capacity up to 6% in deep beam much more than that stipulated by the current seismic codes. Based on test results, the proposed TW-RBS(II) helps to dissipate imposed energy up to 30% more than that of the TW-RBS(I) specimens at the same story drift and also reduces demands at the beam-to-column connection up to 30% by increasing plastic hinge length on the beam flange. The TW-RBS(II) specimens are finally simulated using finite element method showing good agreement with experimental results.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.227-241
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• 2020

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effect of beam to column connection rigidity on the behavior of infilled steel frames. Five half scale, single-story and single-bay specimens, including four infilled frames, as well as, one bare frame, were tested under in-plane lateral cyclic reversal loading. The connections of beam to column for bare frame as well as two infill specimens were rigid, whereas those of others were pinned. For each frame type, two different infill panels were considered: (1) masonry infill, (2) masonry infill strengthened with shotcrete. The experimental results show that the infilled frames with pinned connections have less stiffness, strength and potential of energy dissipation compared to those with rigid connections. Furthermore, the validity of analytical methods proposed in the literature was examined by comparing the experimental data with analytical ones. It is shown that the analytical methods overestimate the stiffness of infilled frame with pinned connections; however, the strength estimation of both infilled frames with rigid and pinned connections is acceptable.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.4 no.6
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• pp.453-469
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• 2004

In this article, a genetic algorithm based optimum design method is presented for non-linear steel frames with semi-rigid connections. The design algorithm obtains the minimum weight frame by selecting suitable sections from a standard set of steel sections such as European wide flange beams (i.e., HE sections). A genetic algorithm is employed as optimization method which utilizes reproduction, crossover and mutation operators. Displacement and stress constraints of Turkish Building Code for Steel Structures (TS 648, 1980) are imposed on the frame. The algorithm requires a large number of non-linear analyses of frames. The analyses cover both the non-linear behaviour of beam-to-column connection and $P-{\Delta}$ effects of beam-column members. The Frye and Morris polynomial model is used for modelling of semi-rigid connections. Two design examples with various type of connections are presented to demonstrate the application of the algorithm. The semi-rigid connection modelling results in more economical solutions than rigid connection modelling, but it increases frame drift.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.7-28
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• 2012

This study is intended to Mindori structure which is general private houses' structural type among traditional types and is a basic study to confirm structural characteristics of Hwatong connection which is general connection type of column-beam-cross beam. It is aimed to analyze how main member, column, such as size, figure, thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup affect on structure. Following conclusions are drawn. 1. According to connection conditions, models with big coefficient of friction show stable hysteretic behavior until the angle rotation of member reaches 1/60 and models with small coefficient of friction show dramatical increase in load after the angle rotation of member reaches 1/24. After the angle rotation of member reaches 1/30, separation distance of members is identified physically and cracks are not observed. 2. Specimens with big coefficient of friction show similar inner force regardless of column size(except column size 150mm) and models with small coefficient of friction show increasing inner force as the column size increases. Specimens with same sectional area have similar inner force even though the column figures are different. The thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup doesn't affect inner force greatly, however, when the thickness of Sungetuk is thin, it could lead to failure of structure as it breaks. 3. The bigger the size of column and the coefficient of friction are, the smaller Bending stiffness depreciation ratio is. 4. Energy Dissipation Efficiency differs from the coefficient of friction. When the coefficient of friction is big, square column shows bigger than round one and it is bigger when the thickness of Sungetuk and Dugeup is thicker. When the coefficient of friction is small, round column shows bigger than square one.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.230-238
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• 1996

Recently, square hollow section (S.H.S) is frequently used for column and H-section for beam of steel building structures. The connection between S.H.S column and H-beam is found to weaken the rotational restraint of the joint. Several types of detail to overcome the problem have been suggested for the connection between concrete filled S.H.S column and concrete composited H-bean In this paper, modelling technique to monitor the behavior of the connections is proposed. Then, Drucker-Prager yield criteria is introduced to simulate yield behavior of in-fill concrete while Von-Mises was used in earlier works. Gap-elements are also introduced to simulate the interaction between S.H.S columns and the in-fill concrete as in privious papers. axial forces are applied to S.H.S columns and made to vary in intensity and eccentricity.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.13-16
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• 2004

The PCS system, which consists of precast concrete column and steel beam, has been developed. The system is expected to achieve the effectiveness in the constructability and improve the structural performance under earthquake. New types of joint system for the panel zon and column connection has been developed in order to improve the shear strength capacity and rigidity of the of the system. The cyclic seismic test recommended by ACI was conducted to verify the structural performance of the system. As a test results, it is observed that the system satisfy most of the requirements by ACI criteria.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.263-275
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• 2014

In this study, connection of steel reinforced concrete(SRC) column and composite beam which consists of H-section and U-section members were tested under cyclic loading. An essential point of the composite beam is the structural performance of welded joint between the H-section and the U-section members. To improve the structural performance of joint of two beam members, vertical stiffeners, trapezoidal stiffeners, and top bars were used. Five full-scaled specimens were designed to study the effect of a number of parameters on cyclic performance of connections such as H-section beam size($H-500{\times}200{\times}10{\times}16$, $H-600{\times}200{\times}11{\times}17$), the presence of stiffeners and top bars, and the presence of no weld access hole(WAH) method. Based on the test results, deformation capacity of the specimens with H-500 series beam and H-600 series beam were 4% and 3% rotation angle, which is the requirement for the Special Moment Frame and Intermediate Moment Frame(IMF), respectively. Test result showed that deformation capacity of connection with stiffeners and top bars is greater than that of connection without stiffeners and top bars. Finally, energy dissipation capacity and strain profile of specimens were summarized.