• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제71권4호
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• pp.341-350
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• 2019

Exterior beam-column joint is typically the weakest link in a limited-ductile reinforced concrete (RC) frame structure. The use of diagonal haunch element has been considered as a desirable seismic retrofit option for reducing the seismic demand at the joint. Previous research globally has focused on implementing double haunches, while the use of single haunch element as a less-invasive and more architecturally favorable retrofit option has not been investigated. In this paper, the key formulations and a design procedure for the single haunch system for retrofitting RC exterior beam-column joint are developed. An application of the proposed design procedure is then illustrated through a case study.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.223-241
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• 2007

Seven full-scale exterior beam-column joints were produced and tested under reversible cyclic loads to determine. Two of these seven specimens were produced using ordinary reinforced concrete (RC). Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC) was placed in three different regions of the beams of the rest five specimens to determine the extent of the region where SFRC is the most effective. The extent of the region of SFRC was kept constant at the columns of all five specimens. Three of these five specimens which had one stirrup in the joint, were tested to evaluate the effect of the stirrup on the behavior of the beam-column joint together with SFRC. In production of the specimens with SFRC, all special requirements of the Turkish Earthquake Code related to the spacing of hoops were disregarded. Previous researches reported in the literature indicate that the fiber type, the volume content, and the aspect ratio of steel fibers affect the behavior of beam-column joints produced with SFRC. The results of the present investigation show that the behavior of exterior beam-column joints depends on the extent of the region where SFRC is used and the usage of stirrup in the joint, in addition to the parameters listed in the literature.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.125-133
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• 2014

이 연구에서는 볼트접합 및 프리스트레스를 적용한 프리캐스트 콘크리트 보-기둥 외부접합부의 내진 및 구조적 성능을 평가하였다. 총 5개의 보-기둥 외부접합부 실험체를 제작하고 보 단부에 변위제어 방식으로 반복하중을 가하며 실험을 수행하였다. 이 연구의 결과를 근거로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 완전 건식공법이 적용된 PC 접합부는 완전 습식공법이 적용된 RC 접합부보다 에너지소산이나 핀칭현상에 있어서 불리한 거동을 보였지만 이는 설계과정에서 의도된 현상이며, 횡변형 능력에 있어서는 우수한 결과를 보였다. 또한 층간변위비 4%까지 횡하중 저항성능의 손실이 발생하지 않았고 매설용너트에 항복이 집중되는 메커니즘을 보이는 점으로 미루어 볼 때 개발된 접합부는 외부접합부 횡저항시스템으로서 적합한 것으로 사료된다. 추가적인 프리스트레스는 PC 접합부의 과도한 핀칭현상 방지 및 접합부 균열제어에 효과적이었으며 PC 접합부의 전체적인 내진성능을 향상시켰다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.186-194
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• 2011

철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부는 철근의 복합적인 배근으로 인하여 시공성이 저하되고 철근의 정착공간이 협소하여 정착파괴가 발생할 가능성이 높다. 또한 지진하중 하에서 기둥 또는 접합부의 파괴는 구조물 전체의 파괴를 야기할 수 있기 때문에 기둥 표면에서 일정한 거리이상 떨어진 보에 소성힌지를 발생시켜 보의 파괴가 선행된 후에 기둥 및 접합부가 파괴되는 강기둥-약보의 설계 개념을 적용하여 구조물의 안전성을 확보하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 접합부의 강도 증가 및 시공성 향상을 도모하고 소성힌지를 보의 내측방향으로 이동시키기 위한 방안으로 보 주인장 철근과 접합부 보강 철근으로 헤디드 바를 활용하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 헤디드 바로 보강된 철근콘크리트 보-기둥 접합부에 대해 3차원 유한요소 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과의 정확성을 검증하기 위하여 선행연구자에 의해 실험된 부재와 동일한 변수에 대한 해석을 수행하여 그 결과를 비교하였으며, 헤디드바의 우수성을 확인하기 위한 변수를 추가하여 해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 보 주인장 철근의 정착방법으로 헤디드 바를 사용함으로써 유사한 구조성능 하에서 시공성 향상을 도모할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 헤디드 바를 접합부에 보강함으로써 설계자가 의도한 위치에 소성힌지를 발생시킬 수 있었으며, 주기하중 하에서 에너지 소산능력의 증가, 강성 감소의 최소화 및 극한응력을 향상시키는 결과를 얻었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-127
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• 2020

In this study, the behavior of external beam-column joints reinforced by plain and deformed bars with non-seismic reinforcement details is investigated and compared. The beam-column joints represented in this study include a benchmark specimen by seismic details in accordance with ACI 318M-11 requirements and four other deficient specimens. The main defects of the non-seismic beam-column joints included use of plain bar, absence of transverse steel hoops, and the anchorage condition of longitudinal reinforcements. The experimental results indicate that using of plain bars in non-seismic beam-column joints has significantly affected the failure modes. The main failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars was the accumulation of shear cracks in the joint region, while the failure mode of the non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars was deep cracks at the joint face and intersection of beam and column and there was only miner diagonal shear cracking at the joint region. In the other way, use of plain bars for reinforcing concrete can cause the behavior of the substructure to be controlled by slip of the beam longitudinal bars. The experimental results show that the ductility of non-seismic beam-column joints reinforced by plain bars has not decreased compared to the beam-column joints reinforced by deformed bars due to lack of mechanical interlock between plain bars and concrete. Also it can be seen a little increase in ductility of substructure due to existence of hooks at the end of the development length of the bars.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 1999년도 학회창립 10주년 기념 1999년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.575-578
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• 1999

The main objective of this study was to examine structural behavior of reinforced concrete column and steel beam joint. composite specimens about 3/4 of the actual beam column connection assembly were tested by applying cyclic load through actuators. Test variables include face bearing plate(FBP), extended face bearing plate(E-FBP), VIR, U-bar and sub beam. There is not much differenced between specimens with sub beam and without sub beam. Test results also show that the joint strength of test specimen is close to the predicted strength by ASCE guideline.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.665-680
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• 2016

This paper focuses on the study of seismic behavior of steel reinforced concrete special-shaped column-beam joints. Six specimens, which are designed according to the principle of strong-member and weak-joint core, are tested under low cyclic reversed load. Key parameters include the steel form in column section and the ratio of column limb height to thickness. The failure mode, load-displacement curves, ductility, stiffness degradations, energy dissipation capacity and shear deformation of joint core of the test subassemblies are analyzed. The results indicate that SRC special-shaped column-beam joints have good seismic behavior. All specimens failed due to the shear failure of the joint core, and the failure degree between the two sides of joint core is similar for the exterior joint but different for the corner joint. Compared to the joints with channel steel truss, the joints with solid web steel skeleton illustrate better ductility and energy dissipation capacity, but the loading capacity and stiffness are roughly close. With the increasing of the ratio of column limb height to thickness, the joints illustrate higher loading capacity and stiffness, better energy dissipation capacity, but worse ductility.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.313-328
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• 2016

Beam-column joints are recognized as one of the most critical and vulnerable zones of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) moment resisting structure subjected to seismic loads. The performance of the deficient beam-column joints can be improved by retrofitting these joints by jacketing them with varied materials like concrete, steel, FRP and ferrocement. In the present study strength behavior of RCC exterior beam-column joints, initially loaded to a prefixed percentage of the ultimate load, and retrofitted using ferrocement jacketing using two different wrapping schemes has been studied and presented. In retrofitting scheme, RS-I, wire mesh is provided in L shape at top and at bottom of the beam-column joint, whereas, in scheme RS-II along with wire mesh in L shape at top and bottom wire mesh is also provided diagonally to the joint. The results of these retrofitted beam-column joints have been compared with those of the controlled joint specimens. The results show an improvement in the ultimate load carrying capacity and yield load of the retrofitted specimens. However, no improvement in the ductility and energy absorption has been observed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제58권3호
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• pp.475-514
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• 2016

Various models have been proposed by several researchers for predicting the exterior RC beam-column joint shear strength. Most of these models were calibrated and verified with some limited experimental database. From the models it has been identified that the joint shear strength majorly depends on ten governing parameters. In the present paper, detailed investigation of twelve analytical models for predicting shear strength of exterior beam-column joint has been carried out. The study shows the effect of each governing parameter on joint shear strength predicted by various models. It has been observed that the consensus on effect of few of the governing parameters amongst the considered analytical models has not been attained. Moreover, the predicted joint strength by different models varies significantly. Further, the prediction of joint shear strength by these analytical models has also been compared with a set of 200 experimental results from the literature. It has been observed that none of the twelve models are capable of predicting joint shear strength with sufficient accuracy for the complete range of experimental results. The research community has to reconsider the effect of each parameters based on larger set of test results and new improved analytical models should be proposed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권4호
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• pp.391-403
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• 2023

In this study, a new type of self-centering beam-column joint with tapered steel plate links is proposed. Firstly, mechanical property of the basic joint (with the prestressed steel strands only, to provide the self-centering ability) and the combined joint (with both the prestressed steel strands and tapered steel plate links, to provide self-centering and energy dissipation simultaneously) is theoretically analyzed. Then, three joints with different dimensions and combinations of tapered plate links are designed and tested through a series of quasi-static cyclic loading tests. Test results show that a nearly bilinear elastic moment-rotation relationship for the basic joint is obtained. With the addition of tapered steel plate links, typical flag-shape hysteretic curves are obtained, which indicates good self-centering and energy dissipating ability of the combined joint. By installing multiple tapered plate links, stiffness and bearing capacity of the beam-column joint can be enhanced. The theoretical moment-rotation relationships agree well with the test results. A simplified macro model of the proposed joint is developed using OpenSees, which simulates reasonably well its hysteretic behavior.