• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1996

This paper considers large deflection problem of a simply supported beam with variable are length subjected to a point load. The beam has one of its ends hinged and at a fixed distance from this end propped by a frictionless support over which the beam can slide freely. This highly nonlinear flexural problem is solved by elliptic-integral method and shooting-optimization technique, thereby providing independent checks on the new solutions. Because the beam can slide freely over the frictionless support, there is a maximum or critical load which the beam can carry and it is dependent on the position of the load. Interestingly, two possible equilibrium configurations can be obtained for a given load magnitude which is less than the critical value. The maximum arc-length was found to be equal to about 2.19 times the fixed distance between the supports and this value is independent of the load position.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1997

This study was performed to evaluate basic characteristics of electron beam welding process for a 9% Ni steel plate. The principal welding process parameters, such as working distance, accelerating voltage, beam current and welding speed were investigated. The AB (Arata Beam) test method was also applied to characterize beam size and energy density of the electron beam welding process. The electron beam size was found to decrease with the increase of accelerating voltage and the decrease of working distance. So, in case of high voltage (150kV), spot size and energy density of electron beam were revealed to be 0.9mm and $6.5\times10^5W/\textrm{cm}^2$ respectively. The accelerating voltage among the welding parameters was found to be the most important factor governing the penetration depth. When the accelerating voltage of electron beam was low ($\leq$90kV), beam current and welding speed did not affect on the penetration depth significantly. However, in case of high voltage ($\geq$120kV), the depth of penetration increased very sensitively with the increase of beam current and the decrease of welding speed.

• 한국광학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 빔 확산각 최소화를 통해 장거리에서 측정이 가능하도록 한 ToF 레이저 거리센서 광학계 설계에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 거리센서는 장거리 측정 시 거리가 멀어질수록 레이저 빔의 확산각으로 인해 물체 표면에 도달하는 빔의 광량이 급격히 저하되며, 이로 인해 센서에 수신되는 광량도 감소되어 측정이 되지 않거나 측정 오차가 발생하게 된다. 일반적으로 빔 확산각을 최소화하는 광학계로 실린더 렌즈가 사용된다. 그러나 실린더 렌즈를 이용한 광학계는 광학계 크기가 커지는 문제뿐만 아니라 조립 공차의 어려움으로 인해 성능이 저하된다는 문제점이 있어 최근 비구면 렌즈를 사용하는 추세가 증가하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 실린더 렌즈를 이용한 광학계와 비구면 렌즈를 이용한 광학계의 광효율과 조립공차를 비교 분석하고자 한다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-93
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• 1994

Authors have measured virtual source distance of electron beam from CL/1800 medical linear accelerator, with newly designed method. Beam scanning was performed with the direction of beam axis in the air. Compared results between this study and well established in phantom measurement shows good agreement with in experimental error. And we have found that build-up cap plays very important role in air measurement because of charge build up. The method of in-air measurement of virtual source distance is very easy to set-up and generate accurate results.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2007

목 적: 골수 또는 주변 줄기세포 이식을 목적으로 시행하는 전신방사선 조사시, 표면선량의 증가를 위하여 사용되어지는 산란판(beam spoiler)과 환자간의 거리에 따른 표면선량 변화를 측정하여 적정거리를 찾고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본 연구를 위해 6 MV X선을 사용하였으며, 조직등가고체팬텀($30{\times}30{\times}30cm^3$)과 평형평판형 전리함 및 전위계를 사용하였다. 선원에서 기준이 되는 팬텀 중심까지의 거리를 400 cm로 위치시키고 조사야 $40{\times}40cm^2$에서 얻은 측정치를 기준값으로 하였다. 또한 평형평판형 전리함을 고체팬텀의 선원 쪽 표면과 선원 반대쪽 표면에 각각 위치시켜 입사지점 선량과 출구지점 선량을 측정하였다. 산란판과 환자와의 적정 거리를 연구하기 위하여 조직 등가 고체 팬텀과 산란판 간의 거리를 $1{\sim}200cm$ 까지 변화시켜 가며 표면 선량을 측정하였다. 이때 조직등가 고체 팬텀은 고정시키고 산란판을 선원방향으로 일정한 간격으로 변화시켜 입사지점 선량과 출구지점 선량을 측정하였으며 이 값을 기측정된 팬텀 중심부 선량으로 나누어 백분율로 분석하였다. 각각의 경우에 대해 MU는 300씩 조사하였다. 결 과: 기준이 되는 체내 중심 선량을 처방 선량으로 간주하였고 산란판의 유무에 관계없이 체내 중심 선량과 출구 선량은 각각 10.7 cGy, 6.7 cGy로 측정되었다. 조직 등가 고체 팬텀과 산란판 사이의 간격이 $50{\sim}60cm$일 때 입사지점 선량 값은 $14.58{\sim}14.92cGy$로 측정되어 기준점 대비 $99.4{\sim}101%$ 범위를 보임에 따라 표면 선량값이 처방선량에 가장 근접한 값으로 측정되었다. 결 론: 본 실험 결과 전신방사선조사시, 조직등가 고체팬텀과 산란판 사이의 간격이 $50{\sim}60cm$일 때 표면선량을 처방선량에 가장 근접하게 조사할 수 있다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 산란판과 환자와의 거리를 $50{\sim}60cm$에 위치시켜 표면선량의 over dose나 under dose의 발생 방지를 위한 주의가 반드시 필요하겠다.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.967-974
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of mandibular incisive canal (MIC) in Korean population. Materials and methods: A total of 97 subjects (60 males and 37 females) who underwent cone-beam computed tomography were included in the study. The anatomic features of MIC was assessed according to gender. Length, diameter and distance to inferior, lingual and buccal border were measured at the origin and the terminal. Also the distribution of MIC at each tooth position was evaluated. Results: Of 97 patients included, 75(77.3%) presented bilateral MIC and 13(13.4%) presented unilateral MIC. Of 194 hamimandibles, MIC was detected in 102(85%) sites in male and 61(82.4%) sites in female. Gender and side showed no statistically significant differences in detectability. The length, diameter and distance to adjacent structures were bigger in male than in female except the distance to lingual border. MIC travelled anteriorly in a slightly downward and lingual direction and usually terminated between the first premolar and the canine. On cross-sectional view, MIC showed individually scattered distribution both buccolingually and superoinferiorly. Conclusion: MIC is well detected with cone-beam computed tomography. Considered that the length and the location of MIC has large variations between individuals, its localization using cone-beam CT is highly recommended before performing surgical procedures such as implant placement and bone harvesting.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.82-88
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• 2002

A simple beam subjected to a uniformly distributed tangential follower force and the successive two moving spring-mass systems upon it constitute this vibration system. The influences of the velocities of the moving spring-mass system, the distance between the successive two moving spring-mass systems and the uniformly distributed tangential follower force have been studied on the dynamic behavior of a simple beam by numerical method. The uniformly distributed tangential follower force is considered within its critical value of a simple beam without the successive two moving spring-mass systems, and three kinds of constant velocities and constant distance of the successive two moving spring-mass systems are also chosen. Their coupling effects on the transverse vibration of the simple beam are inspected too.

• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.65-73
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• 2009

The terrestrial laser scanner measures the signal delay time of electronic circuit in EDM(Electronic Distance Measurement) Module for distance measurement. To measure signal delay time precisely, transmitting laser beam of terrestrial laser scanner is divided optically. Therefore, 10% of the laser beam power is entered into the electronic circuit and the others go out through lens. But, measure of delay time is severe in the laser scanner system that the laser beam power is changed dynamically by reflectance of a object, because characters like gain of electronic circuit involving APD(Avalanche Photo Diode) and so on are changed by incident laser beam. Therefore, we adapt ND(Neutral Density) filter that has grid pattern to the laser scanner system to keep constant the incident laser beam power. In this paper, we propose the simulation program for efficient design of ND filter pattern. Finally, to affirm simulation program, we conduct the experimental test of simulated ND filter that has linearly transmittance change, and we consider the experiment result.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2000년도 제15차 학술회의논문집
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• pp.339-339
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• 2000

In this parer, a method of measuring the size of defects on the wall and restructing the defect image of 3-dimension is developed based on the tracking algorithm of a camera position which uses the inclination angle of line slit beam for overcoming the difficulty of the corresponding problem identifying the image point in the both image. In the experiments, an algorithm for estimating the horizontal angle of CCD camera is presented and validated by applying it to the measurement of area and length under the variations of both the distance and the angle of CCD camera. And its performance is compared to that of the rotating and mapping method of image which has the Euclidian distance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.182-188
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the proximity of the mandibular molar apex to the buccal bone surface in order to provide anatomic information for apical surgery. Materials and Methods: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 127 mandibular first molars and 153 mandibular second molars were analyzed from 160 patients' records. The distance was measured from the buccal bone surface to the root apex and the apical 3.0 mm on the cross-sectional view of CBCT. Results: The second molar apex and apical 3 mm were located significantly deeper relative to the buccal bone surface compared with the first molar (p < 0.01). For the mandibular second molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the root apex was significantly shorter in patients over 70 years of age (p < 0.05). Furthermore, this distance was significantly shorter when the first molar was missing compared to nonmissing cases (p < 0.05). For the mandibular first molars, the distance to the distal root apex of one distal-rooted tooth was significantly greater than the distance to the disto-buccal root apex (p < 0.01). In mandibular second molar, the distance to the apex of C-shaped roots was significantly greater than the distance to the mesial root apex of non-C-shaped roots (p < 0.01). Conclusions: For apical surgery in mandibular molars, the distance from the buccal bone surface to the apex and apical 3 mm is significantly affected by the location, patient age, an adjacent missing anterior tooth, and root configuration.