• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.58-63
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• 2019

Lithium-ion batteries used for IT, automobiles, and industrial energy-storage devices have battery management systems (BMS) to protect the battery from abnormal voltage, current, and temperature environments, as well as safety devices like, current interruption device (CID), fuse, and vent to obtain positive temperature coefficient (PTC). Nonetheless, there are harmful to human health and property and damage the brand image of the manufacturer because of smoke, fire, and explosion of lithium battery packs. In this paper, we propose a systematic protection algorithm combining battery temperature, over-current, and interconnection between protection elements to prevent copper deposition, internal short circuit, and separator shrinkage due to frequent and instantaneous over-current discharges. The parameters of the proposed algorithm are suggested to utilize the experimental data in consideration of battery pack operating conditions and malicious conditions.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.66 no.12
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• pp.1889-1894
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• 2017

Global automobile manufacturers are developing electric vehicles (EVs) to eliminate the pollutant emissions from internal combustion vehicles and to minimize fossil fuel consumptions for the future generations. However, EVs have a disadvantage of shorter traveling distance than that of conventional vehicles. To answer this shortfall, more batteries are installed in the EV to satisfy the consumer expectation for the driving range. However, as the energy capacity of the battery mounted in the EV increases, the amount of heat generated by each cell also increases. Naturally, a better battery thermal management system (BTMS) is required to control the temperature of the cells efficiently because the appropriate thermal environment of the cells greatly affects the power output from the battery pack. Typically, the BTMS is divided into an active and a passive system depending on the energy usage of the thermal management system. Heat exchange materials usually include gas and liquid, semiconductor devices and phase change material (PCM). In this study, an application of PCM for a BTMS was investigated to maintain an optimal battery operating temperature range by utilizing characteristics of a PCM, which can accumulate large amounts of latent heat. The system was modeled using Dymola from Dassault Systems, a multi-physics simulation tool. In order to compare the relative performance, the BTMS with the PCM and without the PCM were modeled and the same battery charge/discharge scenarios were simulated. Number of analysis were conducted to compare the battery cooling performance between the model with the aluminum case and PCM and the model with the aluminum case only.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.635-641
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• 2016

In order to drive a hybrid propulsion device which combines an engine and an electric propulsion unit, battery packs that contain dozens of unit cells consisting of a lithium-based battery are used to maintain the power source. Therefore, it is necessary to more strictly manage a number of battery cells at any given time. In order to manage battery cells, generally voltage, current, and temperature data under load condition are monitored from a personal computer. Other important elements required to analyze the condition of the battery are the internal resistances that are used to judge its state-of-health (SOH) and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) that is used to check the battery charging state. However, in principle, the internal resistances cannot be measured during operation because the parallel equivalent circuit is composed of internal loss resistances and capacitance. In most energy storage systems, battery management system (BMS) operations are carried out by using data such as voltage, current, and temperature. However, during operation, in the case of unexpected battery cell failure, the output voltage of the power supply can be changed and propulsion of the hybrid vehicle and vessel can be difficult. This paper covers the implementation of a high safety battery management system (HSBMS) that can estimate the OCV while the device is being driven. If a battery cell fails unexpectedly, a DC power supply with lithium iron phosphate can keep providing the load with a constant output voltage using the remainder of the batteries, and it is also possible to estimate the internal resistance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.3391-3398
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• 2015

Recently, the large scaled lead-acid battery is widely introduced to efficient operation of the photovoltaic system in many islands. but the demand of lithium-ion battery is getting increased by the operation of wind power and replacement of the lead-acid battery. And also, under the renewable portfolio standard(RPS) and energy efficiency resource standard(EERS) policy of Korea government, the introduction of energy storage system(ESS) has been actively increased. Therefore, this paper presents the operation algorithm of hybrid battery management system(BMS) using the lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries, in order to maximize advantage of each battery. In other words, this paper proposed the algorithm of state of charge(SOC) and hybrid operation algorithm to calculate the optimal composition rate considering the fixed cost and operation cost of each battery. From the simulation results, it is confirmed that the proposed algorithms are an effective tool to evaluate SOC and to optimally operate hybrid ESS.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2021

Currently, lithium-ion batteries are mainly used in energy storage equipment products including automobiles. This can be exposed to dangerous situations such as explosions in the event of incorrect battery management conditions that are overcharged or left in high temperature conditions. It also causes a situation battery cannot be used when it has been over discharged. Therefore, a system that manages the state of the battery is required. The battery management system aims to obtain optimum battery efficiency by accurately recognizing the state of the battery and keeping the voltage of each cell constant. In this paper, we develop a lithium-iron phosphate battery that has higher safety than a general lithium-ion battery. Then, in order to manage this, we try to develop the algorithm of the BMS module based on the Bluetooth communication using the MATLAB-SIMULINK.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.622-629
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• 2020

The performance and cost of electric vehicles (EVs) are much influenced by the performance and service life of the Li-ion battery system. In particular, the cell performance and reliability of Li-ion battery packs are highly dependent on their operating temperature. Therefore, a novel battery thermal management is crucial for Li-ion batteries owing to heat dissipation effects on their performance. Among various types of battery thermal management systems (BTMS'), the phase change material (PCM) based BTMS is considered to be a promising cooling system in terms of guaranteeing the performance and reliability of Li-ion batteries. This work is mainly concerned with the basic research on PCM based BTMS. In this paper, a basic experimental study on PCM based battery cooling system was performed. The main purpose of the present study is to present a comparison of two PCM-based cooling systems (n-Eicosane and n-Docosane) of the unit 18650 battery module. To this end, the simplified PCM-based Li-ion battery module with two 18650 batteries was designed and fabricated. The thermal behavior (such as temperature rise of the battery pack) with various discharge rates (c-rate) was mainly investigated and compared for two types of battery systems employing PCM-based cooling. It is considered that the results obtained from this study provide good fundamental data on screening the appropriate PCMs for future research on PCM based BTMS for EV applications.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2016.07a
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• pp.423-424
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• 2016

Recently, the mass production of Energy storage system (ESS) is actively perform around world. Energy storage system is a technique that stores power to energy storage device to supply energy into grid and load at peak-load. Therefore, the efficient energy management is available by using ESS system. The life of Lithium-ion battery is varied corresponding to the power usage, especially selected depth of discharge (DOD). The lifetime of battery is the one of the most issue of the ESS system because of its stability and reliability. Therefore, lifetime management of battery and power converter of ESS module is required. In this paper, the battery lifetime management method estimating residual power and lifetime of lithium ion battery of ESS system is proposed. Also, total avenue prediction of ESS system is simulated considering the total lifetime of battery.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

This paper presents the battery management system(BMS) for the optimum conditions of the lead-Acid battery in UPS. The proposed system control the currents and voltages of battery for optimum conditions to estimate the State Of Charge(SOC) in charge or discharge mode. It proved the performance and the algorithm for the estimation of SOC, through the experiments which using the charge and discharge tester and the field tests.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.259-266
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• 2013

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the workloads of industrial and automobile storage battery industries and their association to biological exposure indices. Background: Occupational lead exposure at battery manufacturing workplace is the most serious problem in safety and health management. Method: We surveyed 145 workers in 3 storage battery industries. Environmental factors(lead in air, temperature, humidity and vibration)), biological exposure indices(lead in blood and zinc protoporphyrin in blood) and individual workload factors(process type, work time, task type, weight handling and restrictive clothing) were measured in each unit workplace. Results/Conclusion: Air lead concentration is statistically significant in associations with workload factors(process type, work time, task type, and restrictive clothing) and environmental factors (humidity and vibration), whereas zinc protoporphyrin in blood are significantly associated with work time and weight handling. And lead in blood is significantly associated with work time, weight handling and temperature. Application: The results of this study are expected to be a fundamental data to job design.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.631-640
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• 2016

A dual-mode power management for a hybrid-electric UAV with a cruise power of 200W is proposed and empirically verified. The subject vehicle is a low-speed long-endurance UAV powered by a solar cell, a fuel cell, and a battery pack, which operate in the same voltage bounds. These power sources of different operational characteristics can be managed in two different methods: passive management and active management. This study proposes a new power management system named PMS2, which employs a bypass circuit to control the individual power sources. The PMS2 normally operates in active mode, and the bypass circuit converts the system into passive mode when necessary. The output characteristics of the hybrid system with the PMS2 are investigated under simulated failures in the power sources and the conversion of the power management methods. The investigation also provides quantitative comparisons of efficiencies of the system under the two distinct power management modes. In the case of the solar cell, the efficiency difference between the active and the passive management is shown to be 0.34% when the SOC of the battery is between 25-65%. However, if the SOC is out of this given range, i.e. when the SOC is at 90%, using active management displays an improved efficiency of 6.9%. In the case of the fuel cell, the efficiency of 55% is shown for both active and passive managements, indicating negligible differences.