Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology

The Korean Society of Marine Engineering (한국마린엔지니어링학회)
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High safety battery management system of DC power source for hybrid vessel

하이브리드 선박 직류전원용 고 안전 BMS

  • Choi, Jung-Leyl (Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University) ;
  • Lee, Sung-Geun (Division of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University)
  • Received : 2016.07.13
  • Accepted : 2016.09.20
  • Published : 2016.09.30
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Abstract

In order to drive a hybrid propulsion device which combines an engine and an electric propulsion unit, battery packs that contain dozens of unit cells consisting of a lithium-based battery are used to maintain the power source. Therefore, it is necessary to more strictly manage a number of battery cells at any given time. In order to manage battery cells, generally voltage, current, and temperature data under load condition are monitored from a personal computer. Other important elements required to analyze the condition of the battery are the internal resistances that are used to judge its state-of-health (SOH) and the open-circuit voltage (OCV) that is used to check the battery charging state. However, in principle, the internal resistances cannot be measured during operation because the parallel equivalent circuit is composed of internal loss resistances and capacitance. In most energy storage systems, battery management system (BMS) operations are carried out by using data such as voltage, current, and temperature. However, during operation, in the case of unexpected battery cell failure, the output voltage of the power supply can be changed and propulsion of the hybrid vehicle and vessel can be difficult. This paper covers the implementation of a high safety battery management system (HSBMS) that can estimate the OCV while the device is being driven. If a battery cell fails unexpectedly, a DC power supply with lithium iron phosphate can keep providing the load with a constant output voltage using the remainder of the batteries, and it is also possible to estimate the internal resistance.

엔진과 전기추진장치를 혼합한 하이브리드 추진 장치를 구동하기 위해서는 셀 단위로 이루어진 수십 개의 리튬계열의 배터리가 들어 있는 팩들로 접속이 된 전원을 사용한다. 따라서 많은 량의 배터리 셀의 상태를 언제든지, 엄격하게 관리할 필요가 있다. 일반적으로 배터리 관리(Battery management system, BMS)는 셀 전압, 전류 및 온도 등의 데이터를 운전 중에 받아서 상태를 컴퓨터로 모니터링 한다. 배터리의 상태를 확인하기 위한 또 다른 중요한 데이터는 배터리의 잔존수명(State of charge, SOH)을 알 수 있는 내부저항과 충전상태(State of charge, SOC)를 알 수 있는 무 부하 단자전압(Open circuit voltage, OCV)이 있다. 그러나 연속운전 중에는 내부 손실저항과 캐패시턴스의 병렬 등가회로로 인하여 내부저항의 측정이 어렵다. 또한 대부분의 에너지저장시스템에는 전압, 전류, 온도 등의 데이터를 이용하여 BMS가 수행되고 있지만, 운전 중에 예기치 않게 배터리 셀의 고장이 발생하는 경우에는 구동 전원장치의 출력전압이 변동하고, 하이브리드 자동차 또는 선박의 추진이 어려울 수가 있다. 본 논문에서는 리튬인산철 배터리 팩을 이용한 하이브리드 선박용 직류전원장치를 대상으로 배터리 셀의 돌발고장 순간에도 직류전원장치의 일정전압을 유지하면서 내부저항의 추정이 가능하고, 정상운전 중에는 OCV의 추정이 가능한 고 안전 BMS를 구현하고자 한다.

Keywords

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