• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.651-655
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• 1999

Xylenol Orange was bonded on an anion-exchange resin (Amberlite lRA 400, in $Cl^-$form) by batch equilibration. The resin was proved to be stable in acidic solutions of about 0.1 M HCl, $HNO_3$ or $H_2SO_4$. Sorption capacities for the metal ions on the Amberlite IRA 400 bonded with xylenol orange have been measured by batch method. The result showed that Fe(III) is higher than any other metals for sorption capacity. The preconcentration and the separation of Fe(lll) from the mixture soIution, therefore, were carried out with the 0.1 M sulfosalicylic acid as an eluent.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.86-92
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of temperature on operating parameters for reactor in pig wastewater treatment using sequencing batch reactor method which is one of the biological treatment methods. Study was accomplished by experimental apparatus of bench scale, and the degradation rate coefficient and temperature correction factor were derived. The followings are the conclusions that were derived from this study. 1. In the characteristics of pig wastewater, concentrations of TKN and T-P were very high as 590 mg/l and 40 mg/l, respectively. 2. Removal efficiency of BOD and $COD_{Mn}$ as organic compound indicators were the highest mark as 97% at 25$\circ$C. 3. When temperature was incresed from 10$\circ$C to 25$\circ$C, removal efficiencies of TKN and T-P were proportionally increased. Especially, the former was greatly effected by temperature of reactor. 4. In experiment of bench scale, the degradation rate coefficients were increased as temperature increased, but decreased at the temperature range of 25~35$\circ$C. Temperature adjustment coefficients for $COD_{Mn}$, BOD, TKN and T-P were 1.1460, 1.1356, 1.1140 and 1.0565, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

We need to diversify the colors by natural dyeing for promotion and extention of the natural dyes market, because natural dyestuffs have the limitation the number of the colors to express, compare to synthetic dyestuffs. It was investigated that wool and silk fabrics could be dyed to green colors using natural mugwort and indigo as one of color diversification, in order to express green color that is difficult to be shown by natural dyeing. The mugwort dyebath was prepared to concentration of $25{\sim}100g/l$ using dried mugwort plant and indigo dyebath was prepared to concentration of $5{\sim}20g/l$ using natural indigo powder. Wool fabrics and silk fabrics were dyed to green(GY, G, BG in Munsell color wheel) by two batch methods using the mugwort and indigo dyebaths. the mugwort dyeing was applied at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20minutes and indigo dyeing applied for $5{\sim}7$ minutes in room temperature. The colorfastness to drycleaning and abrasion of the dyed fabrics were shown good as grade 4-5 or 5.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.173-179
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• 2018

Microcystin-LR, one of algal toxins induced by the eutrophication of a reservoir, is known to be harmful to human by adversely affecting our liver and brain. Hypochlorous acid is very efficient to remove Microcystin-LR in a clear well. The previous researches showed that CT, pH and temperature affected removal rate in batch tests. It was noted that hydrodynamic properties of clear well could also influence its removal rate. A mathematical model was built using an axial dispersion reactor model and software was used to simulate the removal rate. The model consisted of the second order differential equations including dispersion, convection, Microcystin-LR reaction with chlorine. Kinetic constants were obtained through batch tests with chlorine. They were $0.430{\times}10^{-3}L/mg/sec$ and $0.143{\times}10^{-3}L/mg/sec$ for pH 7.0 and 8.1, respectively. The axial dispersion reactor model was shown to be useful for the numerical model through conservative tracer tests. The numerical model successfully estimated the removal rate of Microcyctin-LR in a clear well. Numerical simulations showed that a small dispersion number, low pH and long hydraulic retention time were critical for higher removal rate with same chlorine dosage. This model could be used to optimize the operation of a clear well during an eutrophication season.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.241-246
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• 1989

Continuous on-line monitoring of cell concentration and growth rate in aerobic batch fermentation process was carried out by analyzing the exhaust gas composition of tormentor with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. From the mass spectrometric analyses of major gaseous components, i.e. $N_2$, $O_2$, $CO_2$ and $H_2O$, and the material balance equations for oxygen and carbon dioxide, oxygen uptake rate (OUR) rind carbon dioxide evolution rate (CER) were instantaneously calculated using a computer (16-bit IBM PC-AT) interfaced to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The calculated OUR and CER data were used for the estimation of cell concentration and growth rate of Candida utilis during batch culture. It was found that the cell concentration could be satisfactorily estimated from the data of OUR arid CER during the culture and this method could be successfully und for the continuous monitoring of cell growth and growth rate.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 1998

A chelating resin was prepared by the reaction of formaldehyde and resorcinol. It possesses high adsorption selectivity for transition metal ions such as Pb(II) and Ni(II). The adsorption and desorption yields of Pb(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(II) and Zn(II) were determined using batch method. The significant characteristics of the chelating resin is the exchange processes between its hydrogen and metal ions. The mechanism of metal adsorption and desorption seems to be the competing protonation and complexation reaction of the functional group of the resin. This resin was applied to the rapid concentration of trace amounts of these metal ions and to the separation of Pb(II) from other metal ions in bulk solution.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.120-125
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• 2020

Supply chain managers seek to achieve global optimization by solving problems in the supply chain's business process. However, companies in the supply chain hide the adverse information and inform only the beneficial information, so the information is distorted and cannot be the information that describes the entire supply chain. In this case, supply chain managers can directly collect and analyze supply chain activity data to find and manage the companies described by the data. Therefore, this study proposes a method to collect the order-inventory information from each company in the supply chain and detect the companies whose data characteristics are explained through deep learning. The supply chain consists of Manufacturer, Distributor, Wholesaler, Retailer, and training and testing data uses 600 weeks of time series inventory information. The purpose of the experiment is to improve the detection accuracy by adjusting the parameter values of the deep learning network, and the parameters for comparison are set by learning rate (lr = 0.001, 0.01, 0.1) and batch size (bs = 1, 5). Experimental results show that the detection accuracy is improved by adjusting the values of the parameters, but the values of the parameters depend on data and model characteristics.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1990.06b
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• pp.8-8
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• 1990

A new method for the graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch is presented. Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch and the subsequent hydrolysis in sodium hydroxide solution to prepare absorbents is well known. This process has been utilized to produce the commercial product, Super Slurper. In a typical batch process, ~5% starch in water mixture is gelatinized at $95^{\circ}C$ under stirring for 1 hour then cooled to room temperature. The graft polymerization itself is carried out for approximately 2 hours at $25~30^{\circ}C$ on the gelatinized starch by eerie ion initiation. In this study, graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto starch via a reactive extrusion process which is a continuous, efficient process is described. Initial concentration of starch in water is 35% and the reaction temperatures are between $50~80^{\circ}C$. However, the most significant difference in the reactive extrusion process is the short time in which the graft polymerization takes place. Preliminary results on the properties of graft polymerization products obtained from the reactive extrusion process are compared to those obtained from the batch process as well as the absorbency of the hydrolyzed samples. Absorbent material has also been prepared by sequential grafting and saponification in the extruder followed by a 2 hour heat treatment of the extrudate in an air circulated oven at $100^{\circ}C$.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.692-699
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• 2008

Semiconductor research and development(R&D) fabs are very different than production fabs in many ways such as the scales of production, job priority, production methods, and performance measures. Efficient operations of R&D fabs are very important to the development of new product, process stability, high yield, and ultimately company competitiveness. This paper proposes the fab-wide scheduling method for operational optimization of the R&D fabs. Most scheduling systems of semiconductor fabs have only focused on maximizing throughput of each separated areas without considering WIP(works in process) flows of entire fab. In this paper, we proposes the a fab-wide scheduling system which schedules all lots to entire fab equipment at once. We develop the MIP(mixed integer programing) model which allocates the lots to production equipment considering many constraints of all processes and the CP(constraint programming) model which determines the sequences of the lots in the production equipment. The proposed FAB-wide scheduling model is applied to the newly constructed R&D fab. As a result, we have accomplished the system based automated job reservation, decrease of the hot lot delay, increase of the queue time satisfaction, the high throughput by maximizing the batch sizes, decrease of the WIP TAT(Turn Around Time).

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2021

A POM-membrane was fabricated by immobilizing a keggin type polyoxometalate (POM) H5PV2Mo10O40 onto the surface of microporous flat-sheet polymeric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVFD) membrane using a chemical deposition method. The POM-membrane was characterized by FT-IR, SEM and EDX to confirm existing of the POM onto the membrane surface. The POM-membrane was used to remove an anionic textile dye (Reactive Black 5 named as an RB5) from aqueous phases with a cross-flow membrane filtration and a batch adsorption system. The dye removal efficiency of the POM-membrane using the cross-flow membrane filtration system and the batch adsorption system was about 88% and 98%, respectively. The influence factors such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial dye concentration were investigated to understand the adsorption mechanism of the RB5 dye onto the POM-membrane. To find the best fitting isotherm model, Langmuir, Freundlich, BET and Harkins-Jura isotherm models were used to analyze the experimental data. The isotherm analysis showed that the Langmuir isotherm model was found to the best fit for the adsorption data (R2 = 0.9982, qmax = 24.87 mg/g). Also, adsorption kinetic models showed the pseudo second order kinetic model was found the best model to fit the experimental data (R2 = 0.9989, q = 8.29 mg/g, C0 = 15 ppm). Moreover, after four times regeneration with HNO3 acid, the POM-membrane showed high regenerability without losing dye adsorption capacity.