• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2023

Bacterial leaf blight of carrots caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae (Xhc) is an important worldwide seed-borne disease. In 2012 and 2013, symptoms similar to bacterial leaf blight were found in carrot farms in Jeju Island, Korea. The phenotypic characteristics of the Korean isolation strains were similar to the type strain of Xhc. Pathogenicity showed symptoms on the 14th day after inoculation on carrot plants. Identification by genetic method was multi-position sequencing of the isolated strain JJ2001 was performed using four genes (danK, gyrB, fyuA, and rpoD). The isolated strain was confirmed to be most similar to Xhc M081. Furthermore, in order to analyze the genetic characteristics of the isolated strain, whole genome analysis was performed through the next-generation sequencing method. The draft genome size of JJ2001 is 5,443,372 bp, which contains 63.57% of G + C and has 4,547 open reading frames. Specifically, the classification of pathovar can be confirmed to be similar to that of the host lineage. Plant pathogenic factors and determinants of the majority of the secretion system are conserved in strain JJ2001. This genetic information enables detailed comparative analysis in the pathovar stage of pathogenic bacteria. Furthermore, these findings provide basic data for the distribution and diagnosis of Xanthomonas hortorum pv. carotae, a major plant pathogen that infects carrots in Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.138-147
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• 2023

Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum), which is a traditional Korean crop, has been known as a health food due to its rich nutrition. This study was conducted to evaluate the change in flavonoid content of flowers and seeds during post-flowering growth of Korean tartary buckwheat variety 'Hwanggeummiso', with the aim of providing basic data for the development of functional food and feed additive. Tartary buckwheat took 69 and 99 days from the sowing date to reach the flowering and maturity stages, respectively. As a result of examining the flavonoid components of each part of tartary buckwheat, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and isoquercitrin of flowers increased from the flowering period on 22 May (0 days after flowering) to 42 days after flowering, while quercetin increased until 21 days after flowering and then decreased thereafter. In seeds, chlorogenic acid, rutin, and isoquercitrin were most abundant at the time of seed-bearing on 14 days after flowering, and showed a decreasing tendency thereafter. On the other hand, quercetin showed a tendency to increase until 21 days after flowering and then decrease. Overall, the flavonoid content was higher in flowers than in seeds, with rutin being particularly prominent. Based on this, the possibility as food materials and feed additives was confirmed using buckwheat produced in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2022

Water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows wild throughout Korea. As of 2020, 24,819 tons (51.7% of open field, 48.3% of facility) are produced in 1,278 ha (59.9% of open field, 40.1% of facility) nationwide. Water dropwort, which is rich in nutrients such as vitamins and iron, is mainly cultivated by vegetative propagation method using local traditional species, however, seed propagation and breeding of cultivars are insufficient so far. Since securing, propagating and continuous characterization of various genetic resources are required to breed new cultivars, this study was conducted to compare the main characteristics of domestic genetic resources and to improve their utilization. Growth characteristics such as plant height, fresh weight, plant type, and flowering date were investigated for the 89 varieties of genetic resources owned by Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services after vegetative propagation in the individual pots. Also, the morphological image information of leaves and flowers was constructed. Genetic resources were collected nationwide and originated in 30 regions including Hwaseong, Siheung and Jeju. Their plant types could be classified into straight, intermediate and creeping types according to their morphological characteristics, and at this time, the number of intermediate types accounted for the largest proportion. Flowering was carried out under high-temperature and long-day conditions in summer. According to the flowering date, they could be classified into early, middle and late flowering varieties, and at this time, the middle flowering varieties occupied the largest proportion. As a result of the investigation of vegetative growth characteristics, varieties with long plant height, heavy fresh weight and thick stem thickness were identified. Along with this result, it is thought that classification and selection of genetic resources for various purposes will be possible through additional investigations such as analysis of components and antioxidant activity. Moreover, it is judged that such results can be used as basic data for breeding new water dropwort cultivars in the future.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.48-56
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• 2018

The present study aimed to understand the variation in seed germination according to the storage period after harvest in the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea. In this milieu, we investigated the germination rate and germination energy of 59 Perilla accessions (15 cultivated var. frutescens type I, 4 cultivated var. frutescens type II, 20 weedy var. frutescens, and 20 weedy var. crispa), which were harvested in autumn 2016. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type I) showed an average germination rate of 80.8% 6 months after harvest; however, the accessions of weedy var. frutescens and var. crispa showed an average germination rate of 0.9% and 8.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type II) showed an average germination rate of 18.2%. The accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type I) showed an average germination energy of 75.8%, while the accessions of weedy var. frutescens and var. crispa showed an average germination energy of 0.6% and 6.9%, respectively. In addition, the accessions of cultivated var. frutescens (type II) showed an average germination energy of 14.3%. The germination rate and germination energy for the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species increased marginally at 2 months from the first month after harvest. However, it did not significantly increase until six months after that. According to our results, there are two types of cultivated var. frutescens, namely, type I, which showed high germination rate and germination energy, and type II, which showed low germination rate and germination energy. The results of this study will provide basic information to understand variations in the germination of seeds during 6 months of storage period after harvest in the accessions of cultivated and weedy types of Perilla species in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate growth characteristics and propagation methods of Clerodendron trichotomum for landscape uses. The results are obtained as follows: In the first place, Korean native C. trichotomum was printed in the "Enumeration of plants in Chosun" in 1937 by Tae Hyun Chung. C. trichotomum is a shrub with round shape. This is noted for its late summer flowers, showy fruit and malodorous foliage. White flowers in long-peduncled cymes bloom in the upper leaf axils from late summer into fall. Flowers are followed by small bright blue fruits, each subtended by a fleshy red calyx. C. trichotomum showed high seed germination rate and greater shoot length in plug box than in normal seeding bed. The rooting rate of C. trichotomum according to cutting date was highest on July 7. The optimum date for cutting was on July 7~10 when the shoots were more hardened. Soil acidity ranged from pH 4.58 to 5.52. The most effective method for rooting of C. trichotomum was treatment with 1,000 ppm IBA on July 7 cuttings, which showed rooting rate of over 90%. Korean native C. trichotomum was successfully propagated through soft cutting and seed.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.260-266
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• 2012

Because the embryological features of Jeffersonia dubia are poorly understood, we conducted the first embryological study comparing it to other related genera of Berberidaceae. Important embryological features of J. dubia are as follows: the anther is tetrasporangiate, anther wall formation confirms basic type, glandular tapetum cells are two nucleate, the epidermis persistent, and the endothecium develops fibrous thickenings, anther dehiscence by two valves, meiosis in a microspore mother cell is accompanied by simultaneous cytokinesis, microspore tetrads are usually tetrahedral, pollen grains two cells at the time of anthesis. The ovule is bitegmic, anatropous and crassinucellate, archesporium single celled, development of the embryo sac Polygonum type, a mature embryo sac is ellipsoidal in shape. Endosperm formation is of Nuclear type and embryogeny Onagrad type. Seeds are arillate and seed coat exotestal type. Embryological comparisons showed that Jeffersonia resemble to Epimedium and Vancouveria rather than Berberis and Mahonia in some features, like as number of tapetal cells, cytokinesis in meiosis, and thickness of exotesta. It also resembles to Gymnospermium in mode of anther wall formation, number of tapetal cells, formation of nucellar cap, and nature of antipodal cells. Nevertheless, Jeffersonia and Gymnospermium differ from several other embryological features and molecular data too. Therefore, embryological evidences support that Jeffersonia is closely related with Epimedium and Vancouveria.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.14
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• pp.87-90
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• 1973

Optimum plot shape and size in a uniformity trial in the newly founded experimental farm of KAERI were determined for seed yield with the basic units consisted of 2.5m $\times$ 0.6m plot. Various plot sizes and shapes were made by combination of the basic units. Coefficients of variations for yield were 21% in local branch type variety Kumkang-Dairip and 20% in the introduced branchless type variety Clark. This result indicates that the field in the new experimental farm is appropriate for soybean yield trials when adequate number of replications are employed in the field experiment. In general, C. V. values were gradually decreased with increase of plot sizes. Although the data were not consistant, the errors for the long narrow plots tend to have somewhat smaller than for the square shape plots. A sharp decrease in C.V. value was found from the $4.5\textrm{m}^2$ plot in the variety Kumkang-Dairip and from the $6\textrm{m}^2$ plot in the variety Clark. These results imply that 5-$6\textrm{m}^2$ plot could be used for yield trials in early generations of hybrid progenies. 2.5-5m long plot with 3-4 replications will be practical for yield trials in the early hybrid generations. The C.V. values with 7.5m long plot was about 16% in both varieties and 15.3% in 10m plot. These results indicate that 7.5-10m plot with 3-4 replications could be employed in accurate yield test in the advanced generations.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2011

This experiment was conducted to select suitable cultivars and evaluate growth characteristics to get basic information for sprouting peanut. On sprouting peanut, it showed a rapid increase in trans-resveratrol content that has effects on anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, blood-sugar-lowering and other beneficial cardiovascular in mouse. For this experiment, characteristics of peanut sprouts were tested in 37 cultivars grown for 7 days at $26^{\circ}C$ temperature. There were a lots of variations in the growth characteristics among cultivars as followers : The range of 100 grain weight was 56 to 142 g, hypocotyl length was 4.3 cm to 5.8 cm, diameter of hypocotyl was 5.0 to 8.0 mm, epicotyl length was 0.8 cm to 4.6 cm, seedling ratio per seed number was 84% to 100%, weight per seedling was 4.9 g to 8.4 g, the rate of hypocotyl cleavage was 0% to 46%, the content of trans-resveratrol was $22.5\;{\mu}g/g$ to $88.2\;{\mu}g/g$ and sprout yield was 360% to 820%. The selection points considered were high sprout yield, high seedling rate, high resveratrol content, low brownish cotyledon, no hypocotyl cleavage, and fat hypocotyl etc. The best cultivar selected was 'Jokwang' that showed 7.8 mm diameter, clean cotyledon color, 100% seedling rate, 0% hypocotyl cleavage, $63.3\;{\mu}g/g$ resveratrol, and 820% sprouting yield. This cultivar was expected to be of use as a new food and nutraceutical material. Relationship between growth characteristics showed that root length had significant positive correlations with epicotyl length, resveratrol content and sprouting yield but negative correlations with hypocotyl diameter and cleavage. Hundred grain weight showed negative correlations with resveratrol content, seedling rate and sprouting yield but positively correlated with curved hypocotyl rate and hypocotyl cleavage positively. This result showed small grain seed will be more appropriate for sprouting peanut.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.63 no.3
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• pp.175-185
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of growth and quality characteristics in colored rice from 178 accessions and to develop useful, basic rice breeding data by classifying these germplasm characteristics via principal component (PC) analysis. The coefficient of variation of the 178colored rice accessions were the highest for panicle length (PL) and protein contents, followed by length-width ratio (LWR), 1000-grain weight (TGW), culm length (CL), and amylose contents, whereas the lowest was for the number of panicles per hill (NP), which is a yield component. The results from the PC analysis exhibited eigenvalues and contributions respective to each PC as follows: PC1, 2.06 and 29.49%; PC2, 1.31 and 18.75%; PC3, 1.21 and 17.36%; PC4, 1.01 and 14.38%. The eigenvalues of four PCs were over 1.0, and their cumulative contributions were 79.98%, which completes the necessary condition for evaluation of the 178 colored rice accessions. Cluster analysis showed cluster I as the largest, which included 79 accessions, while clusters II, III, IV, V, VI, and VII comprised 46, 19, 13, 4, 8, and 9 accessions, respectively. Moreover, dark brown accessions were dispersed in clusters I and II, and many resources of purple seed coat color were found in clusters V, VI, and VII. Particularly, cluster V had resources of only black and purple seed coat colors. Resources of cluster VII were found to have a relatively small average CL, PL, and LWR; notably, cluster V had the smallest average TGW, and cluster IV the lowest NP but the highest TGW. Finally, considering the yield potential, growth characteristics, heading stage, and color during breeding of colored rice, we obtained the following conclusions: cluster VII is suitable for breeding of colored rice; cross breeding among clusters I, II, and VII has a high yield potential; and it is possible to produce a superior color by cross breeding plants from cluster V and VI.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 2014

This study conducted experiments on the reclaimed land of Saemangeum located in Jeongrabuk-do in order to gain basic information about growth characteristics and yield ability according to soil salinity. Having soil excluding salt as a control group, this study adjusted the specimens' soil salinity to level 4 and then planted four varieties including Ilmichal Corn to investigate the growth or grain yield according to salinity. About the corn establishment rate according to soil salinity, over 97% up to $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$ was established, and then, it was reduced gradually according to the increase of concentration. According to the salt concentration of soil more required growth duration from seeding to heading comparing to non-treatment salt was delayed, at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, two days were delayed, at $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$, four to six days were delayed differently by varieties, and at $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$, six to 10 days were delayed. About the plant fresh weight according to soil salinity, Chalok 4 and Eolrukchal indicated 93%~97% or so compared with the salt-free one at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, and Chalok No. 4 showed 79% at the salinity of $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$, too, and it was a relatively higher growth percentage than those of the other varieties. In terms of dried seed weight according to soil salinity, compared with the corns cultivated in the control group, averagely 12.1% was lowered at the time of cultivation at $1.6dS\;m^{-1}$, and $3.2dS\;m^{-1}$ 40% was lowered, and about 70% was lowered at $4.8dS\;m^{-1}$. According to the result of examining the point of time that dried seed start to reduce due to soil salinity with the regression equation, soil salinity which starts the reduction of grain weight is $1.67dS\;m^{-1}{\sim}2.18dS\;m^{-1}$, and it differs by varieties, and EC of 50% that the yield reduces in half is $2.96dS\;m^{-1}{\sim}4.45dS\;m^{-1}$. And the degree of influence on each of the growth factors according to soil salinity is founded to be in the order of establishment rate