• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.49-70
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• 2009

This study proviedes GARCH model(Bollerslev, 1986) to analyze the structural characteristics of price volatility in domestic aquacultural fish market of Korea. As a case study, flatfish and rock-fish are analyzed as major species with relatively high portion in an aspect of production volume among fish captured in Korea. For analyzing, this study uses daily market data (dating from Jan 1 2000 to June 30, 2008) published by the Noryangjin Fisheries Wholesale Market which is located in Seoul of Korea. This study performs normality test on trading volume and price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish as an advanced empirical approach. The normality test adopted is Jarque-Bera test statistic. As a result, first, a null hypothesis that "an empirical distribution follows normal distribution" was rejected in both fishes. The distribution of daily market data of them were not only biased toward positive(+) direction in terms of kurtosis and skewness, but also characterized by leptokurtic distribution with long right tail. Secondly, serial correlations were found in data on market trading volume and price volatility of two species during very long period. Thirdly, the results of unit root test and ARCH-LM test showed that all data of time series were very stationary and demonstrated effects of ARCH. These statistical characteristics can be explained as a reasonable ground for supporting the fitness of GARCH model in order to estimate conditional variances that reveal price volatility in empirical analysis. From empirical data analysis above, this study drew the following conclusions. First of all, from an empirical analysis on potential effects of seasonality and the day of week on price volatility of aquacultural fish, Monday effects were found in both species and Thursday and Friday effects were also found in flatfish. This indicates that Monday is effective in expanding price volatility of aquacultural fish market and also Monday has higher effects upon the price volatility of fish than other days of week have since it has more new information for weekend. Secondly, the empirical analysis led to a common conclusion that there was very high price volatility of flatfish and rock-fish. This points out that the persistency parameter($\lambda$), an index of possibility for current volatility to sustain similarly in the future, was higher than 0.8-equivalently nearly to 1-in both flatfish and rock-fish, which presents volatility clustering. Also, this study estimated and compared and model that hypothesized normal distributions in order to determine fitness of respective models. As a result, the fitness of GARCH(1, 1)-t model was better than model where the distribution of error term was hypothesized through-distribution due to characteristics of fat-tailed distribution, was also better than model, as described in the results of basic statistic analysis. In conclusion, this study has an important mean in that it was introduced firstly in Korea to investigate in price volatility of Korean aquacultural fishery products, although there was partially a limited of official statistic data. Therefore, it is expected that the results of this study will be useful as a reference material for making and assessing governmental policies. Also, it is looked forward that the results will be helpful to build a fishery business plan as and aspect of producer, and also to take timely measures to potential price fluctuations of fishery products in market. Hence, it is advisable that further studies related to such price volatility in fishery market will extend and evolve into a wider variety of articles and issues in near future.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.339-348
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• 2000

The purpose of this research was to offer basic data for study of men's suits by investigating the buying conditions of men's suits. For data collection, a questionnaire was composed of a purchasing price, a purchasing place, the source of the information, the reason of the suit buying, a standard for choice, recognition of the ready-made suit's size and a number of suits they buy etc. The subjects of this research were male who aged 20∼59 and resided in Seoul and the capital region. The results of the research were summarized as the following : 1. Most of the men purchased a ready-made suit rather than a custom suit and a easy-order suit because of the convenience for buying. But the elder was tend to purchase a custom suit than the younger. And the reason of custom suit or easy-order suit buying was size for fitness. 2. It was usually done in a department store and an agency as a purchasing place. The men who resided in Seoul used a department store more than ones who resided in the capital region. Most of the men used bargain sale. The source of the information of suits came principally himself and a wife. Most of the men purchased the suits with their wives of themselves. The elder depended upon their wives for buying suit than the younger. The standards for buying the ready-made suit were color, style and price. The number of suit they buy in a year was 0.9 suits for S/F, 0.7 suits for winter, 0.4 suits for summer and 0.2 suits for combination. The main purchasing price was 150,000∼250,000 won. 3. Most of the consummer was to be satisfied a sense of wearing, color, design etc, but they ware not to be satisfied price, A/S, size etc for ready-made suits. And they usually didn't know the size of ready-made suits.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.68-84
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was analyze how korean adult women\`s swimming suit buying behavior varied according to consumer characteristics. Especially, it was intended to provide basic materials for swimming suit product development and quality improvement appropriate to consumer characteristics with a focus on product evaluation criteria. Questionnaire research was conducted for 850 adult women resident in Seoul, to whom questionnaire were distributed and who were asked to complete their questionnaires. 1. As for buying motive, of swimming suit buying behavior, it was shown that the highest proportion of adult women bought their new swimming suit because their old swimming suit was wornout and most adult women tended to buy their new swimming suit or their own will rather than at others\` suggestion. 2. As for the source of information at a time. of swimming suit purchase, adult women collected information from the product on display most and bought their swimming suit in a planned way in relation to the degree of purchase planning. 3. As for product evaluation criteria, adult women showed the high scores in order of the type and quality of material, activity and functionalism, dimensions and fitness. 4. In many cases actual swimming suit purchasers were the adult women who bought their swimming suit, and they used the department store or the large shopping center as the place of purchasing the swimming suit. Its reason was that the department store or the large shopping center had a diverse assortment of products. As for the degree of their travelling companion\`s influence, it was found that most adult women were influenced by their travelling companions when purchasing their swimming suits. 5. As for the level of satisfaction with swimming suit purchase, it was shown that adult women were generally satisfied with their swimming suit purchase. It was found that their level of satisfaction was higher in order of activity and functionalism, the type and quality of swimming suit materials, and ease in washing management while they showed the low level of satisfaction with price, the fastness of color to washing, light and detergents and durability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a list of plants that adapted to the aquatic environment in urban areas based on the list of plants surveyed through literature review and field surveys, and to classify the types of vegetation according to the five categories of plant distributions set by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1988) in the aspect of the adaptability of plants to the aquatic environment. Results of the classification by category according to the adaptability to the aquatic environment for the plant species surveyed through literature review and field surveys showed that there are 45 species of OBL, 96 species of FACW, 66 species of FAC, and 94 species of FACU, totaling 650 species. In addition, a total of 50 species excluding exotic species, endangered species, and naturally introduced plants are proposed as appropriate plants for the urban aquatic environment that will be artificially constructed. The results of the study can be utilized as the basic information for maintaining diversity and stability of the ecosystem during the restoration of water ecology; they can serve as useful data for the development of an optimum vegetation model when planting in water spaces in the future and preparing proper planting plans for each space. In addition, it is believed that the information will be useful in wetland identification and evaluation by observing plant species that appear only in wetlands.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.8
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• pp.67-85
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• 2010

School uniform has improved greatly in terms of fit, size, function, and design due to steep competition in the market and the strong interest of researcher, while little effort has been made for physical training uniform, so the objective of this study is to provide basic research data of the training uniform for the improvement of its design and fitness. For this purpose, 327 high school girls provided information on size and design of their uniform, level of satisfaction, the recognized ease in uniform. Most students wore the physical training uniform in another classes and the long sleeved shirt were the most popular one. They often used the uniform for the protection from cold and for comfortable activeness. For a long sleeved shirt, most students preferred raglan sleeve, zip-up collar, straight waist line, and ribbed sleeve cuffs and hem. For long pants, students preferred elastic waist band and ribbed pants cuffs. Currently, the short-sleeved shirt mostly had a shirts collar, ribbed hem, straight waist line with raglan sleeve, but students wanted a round neck and set-in sleeve. For overall level of satisfaction, students showed high satisfaction in terms of function and psychological effect, while aesthetic quality of the uniform was needed to be much improved. Most students evaluated that the circumference of uniforms properly fit or had a little ease, and students considered waist size the most suitable. The long pants length evaluated properly fit or a little long. Students accepted that the ease of summer uniform was more suitable than winter uniform's both at circumference and at length. Depending on students' height distribution, the length of long pants and short pants varied significantly.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.327-337
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is for size suitability and fitness improvement for Korean 20's women. This study has classified hip types of 20's women by the 6th Korean Anthropometric Survey(Size Korean), then compared their lower body-type by hip types each other. The results are as follows. Factor analysis in sorting hip types can be explained 77.72% by nine factors. And cluster analysis can be divided into three types. Type 1 is referred to as a general type which has the largest size in the 'Hip circumference', but the buttocks's horizontal sizes are in the middle size besides the hip line. Type 2 is referred to as a protruding type in upper buttocks which is large in protruding volume of upper buttocks, but the buttock's horizontal sizes are small including 'Hip circumference', and buttock's horizontal section form close to circle. Type 3 is referred to as a type which is contrary to Type 2. Type 3 is small in protruding volume of upper buttocks, but large in lower buttocks, and the protrusions in whole buttocks are small, so the side view of Type 3 made gentle fit shape. By these results, the study could classify lower body of 20's women, and it can be basic data for new sizing systems and pattern development of bottoms.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.15-34
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• 2007

This study held a questionnaire for men in their 60s or above to analyze the market research of slacks, understand the characteristics of their lower body types, and provide the basic data for the slacks pattern-making fitting the body types of senior citizens. The findings are as follows. According to the results of a questionnaire, elderly men preferred order-made slacks for better fitness, but they favored ready-made owing to the matter of prices. In particular, the girth of waist was the most considered when purchasing. However, as most customers tended to repair slacks length and the waist part, their unsatisfaction with sizes was rather high. In body measurements, elderly men had higher variable coefficients or more individual differences in the items of thickness and angles than in those of height, length, and girth. Factor analysis revealed 5 front and 6 side factors. According to the results of front-side somatotype analysis, pimento-flat, trapezoid-flat, and bent-flat types require narrower pattern designs in down-upper width than the middle-aged class. In addition, pimento-protruded hip and straight-jar types need to be designed in the same amount as in the middle-aged class. Based on the questionnaire results, down-upper length as 1cm above real dimensions was analyzed to have superior sense of wearing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.7110-7117
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• 2014

This study examined 149 referees participating in the field of Judo judgment in 2013. 98 referees of the 1st level (65.8%), 18 referees of the 2nd level (12.1%) and 33 international referees (22.1%) were used as the final valid sample. To evaluate the basic background of referees, 7 categories, such as gender, age, Judo, and a referee career, a coaching career, the level of referee, and occupation were examined. In addition, 25 questions in 6 categories, such as misjudgment 4 questions, special consideration 4 questions, claims for judgment 9 questions, physical fitness burden 3 questions, disloyalty at home 3 questions, a lack of conditions 2 questions were tested for the stress of a judo referee. 20 questions in 4 categories, such as peer satisfaction 5 questions, salary satisfaction 5 questions, atmosphere satisfaction 6 questions, and working satisfaction 4 questions, were examined for job satisfaction as a referee in the field of Judo judgment. In particular, the effects of the factors causing stress for a referee and efforts to release the stress are explored. Based on the methods and data mentioned above, the results of this analysis were determined.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.543-552
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the improvement of the tournament operating environment and effective tournament operation. For the factor analysis, exploratory factor analysis was conducted. Based on this, in order to conduct hierarchical analysis, we've produced and distributed the questionnaire to expert group. And after, with collected data, AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) technique was used to analyze relative importance and determinants. As a result, operational factors showed the highest priority among the components of evaluation. And next prior factors are satisfaction of participants, environmental factors and etc. In order to stabilize the operation of the tournament, priority shall be securing the budget. And it is necessary to understand the desire of participants and shall consider characteristics and level of the tournament. In future studies, it will be necessary to make a comparative study through expert group in order to secure the fitness.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.39-50
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• 2010

The aims of this study are to present the basic data of a school facilities complex and to analyze the necessity of a school facilities complex, school facilities characteristics and program characteristics. In the study, there can be found an analysis of the present conditions of the school facilities complex by literature research and the analysis of school facilities characteristics and program characteristics by case study. The results of this study are as follows: First, the elementary school facilities are mixed with the gym, swimming pool, culture center and convenient facility(parking lot). Second, the school facilities complex is not connected with the number of elementary school students. As the number of elementary school students decrease, it is possible to apply the generated surplus space of the school facilities to the community facility. Third, the school facilities complex is not connected to the reliance ratio of local finance. It is necessary for the central government to provide active financial and to build a financial support model. Fourth, most of the time, the entrance of the facility complex is divided from the entrance of the school facility. Fifth, the programs of many school facility complexes are composed of swimming and physical fitness programs.