• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.7
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• pp.99-106
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• 1996

Estimation and removal procedures for baseline drift have been developed using linear, cubic spline, and bilineared transformed high pass filter. Linear and cubic spline interpolation with the PQ and TP segmens, which are considered to be isoelectric, as fiducial points ahve been estimated respectively. For a quantitative validation of the estimation procedure, 4 ECGs with arfificial baseline drift were constructed and analyzed by mean square error calculations and amplitude histograms. Also real ECGs were analyzed in a test set of the CSE data set 3 and set 4. Baseline drift detecton rule were designed and new method for the decision of fiducial point were constructed to avoid distorting as the case of premature ventricular or atrial contraction. From these comparison, proposed cubic spline method with PQ and TP segment (CS_PQ & TP) emerged as the most efficient method.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.293-297
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• 2016

Here we propose a new equation by which we can estimate the baseline for measuring the peak current of the reverse curve in a cyclic voltammogram. A similar equation already exists, but it is a linear algebraic equation that over-simplifies the voltammetric curve and may cause unpredictable errors when calculating the baseline. In our study, we find a quadratic algebraic equation that acceptably reflects the complexity included in a voltammetric curve. The equation is obtained from a laborious numerical analysis of cyclic voltammetry simulations using the finite element method, and not from the closed form of the mathematical equation. This equation is utilized to provide a virtual baseline current for the reverse peak current. We compare the results obtained using the old linear and new quadratic equations with the theoretical values in terms of errors to ascertain the degree to which accuracy is improved by the new equation. Finally, the equations are applied to practical cyclic voltammograms of ferricyanide in order to confirm the improved accuracy.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.123-129
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• 2014

The real-time kinematic (RTK) is one of precise positioning methods using Global Positioning System (GPS) data. In the long baseline GPS RTK, the ionospheric and tropospheric delays are critical factors for the positioning accuracy. In this paper we present RTK algorithms for long baselines more than 100 km with estimating tropospheric delays. The state vector is estimated by the extended Kalman filter. We show the experimental results of GPS RTK for various baselines (162.10, 393.37, 582.29, and 1283.57 km) by using the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute GPS data and one International GNSS Service (IGS) reference station located in Japan. As a result, we present that long baseline GPS RTK can provide the accurate positioning for users less than few centimeters.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.2
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• pp.23-26
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• 2006

Modernized GPS will have three frequencies modulated with three signals, which will be accessible to all users in the near future. This new frequency provides an opportunity to resolve the double differenced (DD) integer ambiguity very fast and with almost no baseline constraints. In order to study the performance of triple frequency system for Ambiguity Resolution (AR) over the medium baseline under different ionospheric levels, the Klobuchar Model was implemented and used in our triple simulation to generate the ionospheric delay. Furthermore, the White-Gaussian noise applying to distance-dependent parameters was added to the DD ionospheric delay. For medium baseline (defined as here 20 to 40kms), success rates of AR has been pretty improved. In this paper, the medium baseline AR strategies that take advantage of carrier phase measurement on the third frequency will be discussed.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.226-231
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• 2003

There have been many attempts to make kart chassis domestically to lower the price of complete kart. However nobody made a successful chassis due to the lack of understanding the characteristics of kart chassis frame. In this work, a baseline chassis frame under the bending and torsional load is studied. Design target is that the baseline chassis frame is quite adequate not only for the beginners but also for the beginning racers. Results from the analysis are used as a guide to design or modify the baseline chassis with the goal of proper torsional stiffness. Minimum increase in weight is being forced. As a result, the baseline chassis frame was designed, made, and tested. Based on the design results, complete karts are being manufactured by the small 1 size domestic company and these karts are being sold and run in the market.

• Journal of Wind Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.34-41
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• 2012

The paper is focusing on investigating the control characteristics of the baseline controller of 5 MW wind turbine provided by NREL(National Renewable Energy Laboratory). The baseline controller consist of two control logics, a maximum power tracking control below the rated wind speed and a constant power control above the rated wind speed. In the low wind speed, the mean generator power for changing the turbulent intensity and the optimal constant is studied through numerical simulations using FAST program. On the other hand, the constant power control logic and the constant control logic are compared in the high wind speed. It is confirmed that optimal constant is closely related to the turbulent intensity in low wind speed region and the constant torque control has better performance than the constant power control with respect to mechanical load in high wind speed region.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.12C
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• pp.1154-1166
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose algorithms for generating high quality virtual intermediate views on the baseline or out of baseline. In this proposed algorithm, depth information as well as 3D warping technique is used to generate the virtual views. The coordinate of real 3D image is calculated from the depth information and geometrical characteristics of camera and the calculated 3D coordinate is projected to the 2D plane at arbitrary camera position and results in 2D virtual view image. Through the experiments, we could show that the generated virtual view image on the baseline by the proposed algorithm has better PSNR at least by 0.5dB and we also could cover the occluded regions more efficiently for the generated virtual view image out of baseline by the proposed algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-43
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• 2009

In this study, the impact of the covariance between the baselines on the network-based GPS positioning is analyzed. For the analysis, the multi-baseline solutions with properly modeled covariance between the baselines and the combined solutions from the single-baseline solutions are obtained, respectively. Then, the accuracies of both solutions are evaluated in terms of coordinate residuals, i.e., the differences between the positioning solutions and the published stations' coordinates. The results indicate that the positioning accuracy in static mode depends much on the geometry of GPS satellites rather than the proper modeling of covariance between the baselines. Also, slight but negligible improvement in positioning accuracy is observed in static solutions. Therefore, one may use combined solutions as an alternative to multi-baseline solutions for the network-based GPS positioning. However, multi-baseline solution with properly modeled covariance between the baselines is recommended to use especially for the applications to detect very small displacement, i.e., deformation of the building or bridge.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 2005

The underwater positioning system is important in interpreting data that are acquired from towing vehicles such as the deep-sea camera (DSC) system. Currently, several acoustic positioning systems such as long baseline (LBL), short baseline (SBL), and ultra short baseline (USBL), are used for underwater positioning. The accurate position of DSC, however, could not be determined in a R/V Onnuri unequipped with any of these underwater positioning systems. As an alternative, the DSC position was estimated based on the topography of towing track and cable length in the cruises before 1999. The great uncertainties, however, were found in the areas of flat bottom topography. In the 2003 and 2004 cruises these uncertainties were reduced by calculating the position of DSC with the cable length and seafloor depth below the vessel. The Japanese cruises for Mn-nodule used a similar estimation method for the DSC positioning system with a CTD sensor. Although the latter can provide better information for the position of DSC, the USBL underwater positioning system is strongly recommended for establishing better positioning of DSC and other towing devices.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.418-425
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• 2017

Interferon-${\gamma}$-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), also known as chemokine C-X-C motif ligand (CXCL) 10, is closely associated with antiviral immunity and the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB). However, the value of baseline serological and histological IP-10 expression levels in predicting the efficacy of the antiviral response to nucleoside/nucleotide analogues (NAs) is still unknown. In our research, intrahepatic and peripheral IP-10 expression levels were systemically examined before and after treatment with entecavir (ETV). Baseline serological and histological IP-10 expression levels were significantly increased in patients with CHB, particularly in patients with higher degrees of liver inflammation and liver fibrosis. Moreover, higher baseline intrahepatic IP-10 levels indicated better prognoses in patients with CHB after entecavir therapy. The baseline IP-10 level was also positively associated with several clinical parameters, including baseline levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and with the decrease in HBsAg levels after treatment. In addition, monocyte-derived IP-10 was expressed at higher levels in patients with CHB than in patients with liver cirrhosis (LC) and healthy controls (HC). According to the results of our in vitro experiments, IP-10 directly promoted hepatocyte apoptosis. Based on these findings, baseline serological and histological IP-10 levels might predict CHB severity and the decrease in HBsAg levels after entecavir therapy.