• 제목/요약/키워드: Basal process

검색결과 212건 처리시간 0.027초

트윈롤 주조법으로 제조된 마그네슘합금 판재의 균질화 열처리에 따른 미세조직 및 집합조직 발달 (Investigating the Effect of Homogenization Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Texture of Magnesium Alloy Sheet Manufactured via Twin Roll Casting)

  • 이희재;박노진
    • 열처리공학회지
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 2021
  • This study focuses on the microstructural development of 99% magnesium alloy sheet manufactured using twin roll casting (TRC) process. Herein, a plate with a thickness of 5 mm was manufactured using the TRC process, homogenization heat treatment was performed at 400℃ for 2-32 h, and finally, the change in microstructure was evaluated via optical microscopy and textural analysis. The results suggest that the plate manufactured using the TRC process was not destroyed and was successfully rolled into a plate. Microscopic observation suggested that the dendritic cast structure was arranged along the rolling direction. And the central layer of the rolled plate, where was present in a liquid state at the beginning of rolling, solidified later during the TRC process to form central segregation. The initial cast structure and inhomogeneous structure of the plate were recrystallized by homogenization heat treatment for only 2 h, and it was confirmed that the segregated part of the central layer became homogeneous and recrystallization occurred. Grain growth occurred as the heat treatment time increased, and secondary recrystallization occurred, wherein only some grains were grown. The textural analysis, which was conducted via X-ray diffraction, confirmed that the relatively weak basal plane texture developed using the TRC process was formed into a random texture after heat treatment.

배양된 흰쥐 담관 섬유모세포에 대한 간흡충 분비배설 물질의 영향 (Effect of Clonorchis sinensis Excretory-secretory Product on the Cultured SD Rat Bile Duct Fibroblast)

  • 권정남;민병훈;이행숙;김수진;주경환
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.117-124
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    • 2009
  • 간흡충(Clonorchis sinensis)은 우리나라에서 높은 감염률(2.9%)을 나타내는 기생충으로(KAHP, 2004), 간흡충에 감염된 담관은 간흡충의 흡반에 의한 물리적 자극과 대사산물 및 분비물 등의 화학적 자극에 의해 담관염이 일어나고, 간흡충이 성장할 때 충체 주위의 담관 상피세포의 증식, 탈락, 담관 주위의 염증 및 섬유화가 일어난다. 담관 점막에 분포하는 섬유모세포는 결합조직을 구성하는 세포의 한 종류로서 세포질돌기들이 잘 발달된 형태적 특징이 있으며, 세포질 내에 세포의 형태 유지, 신호전달, 인접세포와의 연접 등에 관여한다. 또한 조직을 발달시키고, 조직이 손상된 부위에서 콜라겐 층을 형성하여 손상된 조직이 복구되도록 하기도 한다. 상처의 반흔(scar) 형성과 지방축적, 염증(inflammation) 발생 과정에서 섬유모세포의 작용이 제대로 조절되지 못하면 섬유증(fibrosis)이 발달하게 된다는 연구 보고도 있다. 본 연구에서는 정상 흰쥐에서 분리된 담관 섬유모세포와 간흡충 감염 흰쥐에서 분리된 담관 섬유모세포를 배양하고, 각각의 실험군에 간흡충 분비배설 물질(Cs excretory-secretory product, ESP)을 첨가하여 배양하였다. 배양된 섬유모세포의 미세구조 변화와 세포 표면에 존재하는 sialic acid 및 actin의 분포를 전자현미경으로 관찰하여, 간흡충 감염에 따른 섬유모세포의 변화 및 간흡충 분비배설 물질의 자극에 따른 섬유모세포의 변화를 관찰하여 흰쥐의 담관 섬유모세포와 간흡충 감염과의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 정상 흰쥐 담관에서 분리한 섬유모세포(G1)에 비하여 간흡충에 감염된 흰쥐 담관에서 분리한 섬유모세포(G2)와 간흡충 분비배설 물질을 첨가하여 배양한 섬유모세포(G1-1, G2-1)의 증식속도가 느린 것이 확인되었다. 세포질돌기의 수는 간흡충에 감염된 흰쥐의 담관으로부터 분리된 섬유모세포(G2)에서 가장 많은 수가 관찰되었고, 배양배지에 분비배설 물질을 첨가하면 정상 담관의 섬유모세포에서도 세포질돌기가 증가하였다. 따라서 간흡충 대사물질은 섬유모세포의 세포질돌기형성을 촉진시키는 것으로 생각된다. 간흡충에 감염된 흰쥐 담관에서 분리한 섬유모세포(G2)의 소포체는 정상 담관에서 분리된 섬유모세포(G1)의 것에 비하여 감소하는 양상을 나타내었고, 여기에 분비배설 물질을 첨가하면 섬유모세포의 소포체가 증가하는 것이 관찰되었다. 그리고 세포표면에 분비되는 sialic acid는 주로 세포질의 소포낭 주변에서 관찰되었으며, 정상 섬유모세포(G1, G1-1)보다 감염된 섬유모세포(G2, G2-1)에서 증가하였다. Actin은 세포표면과 세포질돌기에서 주로 관찰되었으며, 정상 섬유모세포(G1, G1-1)보다 감염된 섬유모세포(G2, G2-1)에서 반응이 증가하였고, 간흡충 분비배설 물질을 첨가하면 G1-1은 반응이 증가하고, G2-1은 반응이 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 간흡충에 감염된 흰쥐 담관의 섬유모세포는 세포질돌기들이 매우 발달하며, actin단백과 sialic acid가 증가하여 세포변형을 초래하게 된다. 또한 간흡충 감염으로 손상된 담관의 섬유모세포로 구성된 결합조직은 정상으로 회복되지 않으며, 세포질 부피 및 세포질돌기의 증가는 이루어지지만 간흡충 대사물질의 영향으로 섬유모세포의 분열 및 성장 속도가 억제되는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 결과 간흡충 감염으로 손상된 숙주의 담관 결합조직과 섬유모세포들은 간흡충 대사물질에 의하여 변형을 일으키고, 세포 활성 및 증식이 저하되므로 팽대된 담관은 간흡충이 사멸된다 하더라도 원상회복이 불가능할 것으로 생각된다.

코 안 $ZnSO_4$ 점적으로 손상된 마우스 후각 상피세포의 재생에 대한 형태학적 연구 (Morphological Study of the Regeneration of the Mouse Olfactory Epithelial Cells after Destruction by Intranasal Zinc Sulfate Irrigation)

  • 강화선;문영화
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • 제37권4호
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    • pp.219-230
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    • 2007
  • 마우스의 코 안으로 5% $ZnSO_4$용액을 점적하는 것이 코중격 후각상피에 미치는 영향과, 그 이후 후각수용세포가 재생되는 과정을 주사전자현미경과 투과전자현미경을 사용하여 형태학적으로 조사하였고, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 5% $ZnSO_4$용액을 점적한 후 6시간에서 24시간 사이에 코중격 후각상피층은 일부의 기저세포들을 제외하고는 완전하게 탈락되었다. 2. $ZnSO_4$처리 후 3일군에서는 코중격 후각상피세포들 중 부분적으로 남아 있던 기저세포들의 세포분열로 형성된 새로운 후각상피세포들로 후각상피층은 2층으로 나타났다. 또한 새롭게 형성된 후각상피세포들의 상부 세포막에는 미세응모가 돌출되었다. 3. 5% $ZnSO_4$용액을 점적하고 5일이 경과된 코중격 후각수용세포들에서는 다수의 중심소체와 기저소체가 관찰되었고, 상부 세포막에는 미세응모들 사이에 섬모들이 줄지어 나타났다. 또한 새롭게 형성된 코중격 후각수용세포들에서 처음으로 후각소포의 초기 형태가 나타났으며, 1주가 경과된 후각상피층에는 전형적인 형태의 후각소포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 4. 5% $ZnSO_4$용액 점적 후 2주가 경과된 경우, 성숙한 형태의 후각소포를 가지고 있는 후각수용세포가 관찰되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 5% $ZnSO_4$용액의 처리가 마우스 코중격의 후각상피층을 완전하게 박리시킬 수 있으므로 포유류 신경조직의 재생연구를 위해 유용한 실험적 모델임을 뒷받침한다, 또한 새롭게 재생되는 후각수용세포의 상부 세포막이 처음에는 미세응모로 표면적을 넓히고, 시간이 경과함에 따라 일렬로 배열된 섬모들로 대치되며, 그 후 섬모를 포함한 상부세포막이 부분적으로 돌출하고, 마지막으로 전형적인 후각소포로 발달한다.

흰쥐 발정주기와 난소절제에 따른 질상피의 glycoconjugates, estrogen receptor-α, c-fos 및 c-jun 분포변화 (Differential expression of glycoconjugates, estrogen receptor-α, c-fos and c-jun in the vagina of normal and ovariectomized rat)

  • 최병태;길영기;김강련;김순옥;최영현;이준혁
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.317-324
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    • 2002
  • 흰쥐 발정주기와 난소절제에 따른 질의 GCs, ER-$\alpha$, c-fos 및 c-jun 변화를 조직화학적 및 면역조직화학적으로 관찰하였다. 질상피는 발정사이기와 발정전기로 이어 지는 점액세포화과정에서 현저한 GCs의 양적 증가를 관찰할 수 있으며 발정사이기의 SBA, 발정전기와 발정기의 Con A와 같이 발정주기에 따른 특이적 GCs가 관찰되었다. 난소절제시에는 매우 위축된 표면층 평평세포에서만 미량의 GCs가 관찰되었다. 질에서 ER-$\alpha$, c-fos, c-jun등은 주로 핵에서 반응을 나타내는데, ER- $\alpha$는 상피세포 중 바닥층에서 주로 관찰되며, 반응세포수로 보아 발정주기에 따른 변화는 없었으나 버팀질세포에서는 발정사이기부터 발정기사이에 가장 많이 관찰되었다. c-fos는 상피의 바닥층과 중간층세포 그리고 버팀질세포에서 발정전기와 발정기사이에 가장 많이 관찰되며 c-jun은 발정기의 상피 바닥층에서 가장 많이 관찰되나 버팀질세포에서는 발정기에만 관찰되었다. 난소절제시 ER-$\alpha$, c-fos, c-jun모두 상피의 적은 세포에서만 관찰되며 버팀질 세포에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 보아 발정주기와 난소절제에 따라 특이적인 GCs분포를 보일 뿐 아니라 ER-$\alpha$, c-fos, c-jun 같은 단백질의 상이한 분포를 보여 주고 있어 이들이 질상피세포의 증식과 분화에 관여함을 알 수 있다.

Simultaneous feeding of calcium butyrate and tannin extract decreased the incidence of diarrhea and proinflammatory markers in weaned piglets

  • Maito, Camila Demarco;Melo, Antonio Diego Brandao;de Oliveira, Angela Cristina da Fonseca;Genova, Jansller Luiz;Filho, Jair Rodini Engracia;de Macedo, Renata Ernlund Freitas;Monteiro, Kelly Mazutti;Weber, Saulo Henrique;Koppenol, Astrid;Costa, Leandro Batista
    • Animal Bioscience
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.87-95
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    • 2022
  • Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of associating calcium butyrate with tannin extract, compared to an antimicrobial on the growth performance, incidence of diarrhea, intestinal histology, immune-expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in piglets. Methods: Seventy-two piglets (36 barrows and 36 gilts) weaned at 28±2 d and initial body weight of 7.17±1.07 kg were allocated to 3 treatments in a randomized complete block design with 8 replicates per treatment and 3 animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of NC, negative control: basal diet without additives; PC, positive control: basal diet + 40 mg/kg of colistin sulfate; or BT, basal diet + calcium butyrate + tannin extract. The butyrate and tannin inclusion levels were 0.15% in the pre-starter phase and 0.075% in the starter phase. Incidence of diarrhea was monitored daily, and on d 14 and 35 of experiment, 1 animal from each experimental unit was slaughtered to collect intestinal samples. Results: No significant differences were observed for growth performance. The butyrate-and tannin-based additive resulted in reduced (p<0.05) incidence of diarrhea in piglets during d 1 to 14 and d 1 to 35 in comparison with the other treatments. Piglets that consumed the diet containing the calcium-butyrate and tannin showed a lower (p<0.05) crypt depth in the duodenum than those receiving the NC treatment at 14 d of experimentation. The BT treatment provided a lower (p<0.05) immune-expression of COX-2 at 14 d and TNF-α at 35 d in the duodenum. Conclusion: Association between calcium butyrate and tannin extract resulted in a significant decrease in the incidence of diarrhea and inflammatory process in the duodenum of piglets. Therefore, calcium-butyrate combined with tannin could be a part of an alternative program to reduce the use of antimicrobials in the diet of weaned piglets.

Increase in $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ Exchange Activity in Sarcolemma Isolated from Mesenteric Arteries of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

  • Lee, Shin-Woong;Lee, Jeung-Soo;Park, Young-Joo;Park, In-Sook
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.128-134
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    • 1989
  • $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange process in sarcolemmal vesicles isolated from mesenteric arteries of Wistar-Kyoto normotensive(WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR) was investigated. The sarcolemmal fractions isolated after homogenization and sucrose density gradient centrifugation were enriched with 5'-nucleotidase and ouabain sensitive, $K^+-dependent$ phosphatase activities. When the vesicles were loaded with $Na^+$, a time dependent $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed. However, very little $Ca^{2+}$ uptake was observed when the vesicles were loaded with $K^+$, or $Ca^{2+}$ uptake of the $Na^+-loaded$ vesicles was carried out in high sodium medium so that there was no sodium gradient. When the vesicles loaded with $Ca^{2+}$ by $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange were diluted into potassium medium containing EGTA, $Ca^{2+}$ was rapidly released from the vesicles. $Na^+-dependent\;Ca^{2+}$ uptake was increased in SHR compared to WKY, but passive efflux of preaccumulated $Ca^{2+}$ from the vesicles was decreased in SHR. The data indicate that the membrane vesicles of rat mesenteric arteries exhibit $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange activity. It is also suggested that changes of this process in vascular smooth muscle cell membrane of SHR may be involved in higher intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration and higher basal tone in SHR.

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Putrescine and Cadaverine Enhance Insulin Secretion of Mouse Pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell Line

  • Park, Hyo-Eun;Kim, Jae-Young
    • 대한의생명과학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.193-200
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    • 2012
  • We examined the effects of polyamines such as putrescine and cadaverine on the biosynthesis and secretion of insulin in the mouse pancreatic ${\beta}$-cell line, MIN-6. Basal insulin secretion (BIS) and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) from the MIN-6 cells were significantly increased by 20 min- or 24 h-treatment with micromolar concentrations of polyamines. To determine whether the enhancement was due to increase of insulin production by polyamines, we investigated the insulin mRNA and protein production. Both insulin mRNA and protein production were found to be not significantly affected by the polyamine treatment. Next, we examined the expression of several transcription factors (TFs) related to insulin synthesis and secretion in order to identify upstream events responsible for the promotion of insulin secretion of MIN6 cells by polyamines. Of the 6 TFs tested, MafA was induced by treatment of polyamines. MafA mRNA and protein expressions increased with treatment of polyamines. Overall results suggest that cadaverine and putrescine promote the insulin secretion process rather than the insulin biosynthesis from MIN6 cells. Also MafA may be involved in the enhanced insulin secretion process. Further studies are needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for promotion of insulin secretion by polyamines.

Oogenesis and Oocyte Degeneration in Coecella chinensis (Bivalvia: Mesodesmatidae)

  • Kim, Sung Han;Chung, Ee-Yung
    • 한국패류학회지
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    • 제30권4호
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    • pp.333-342
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    • 2014
  • Ultrastructural studies of oogenesis in oocytes, oocyte degeneration associated with the follicle cells in female Coecella chinensis were investigated for clams collected from Namhae, Geongsangnam-do, Korea. In this study, vitellogenesis during oogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of endogenous autosynthesis and exogenous heterosynthesis. Of two processes of vitellogenesis during oogenesis, the process of endogenous autosynthesis involved the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. whereas the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the oolema of the early vitellogenic oocytes prior to the formation of the vitelline coat. It is assumed that the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic and early vitellogenic oocytes and appear to play an integral role in vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors, and also they were involved in oocyte degeneration by assimilating products originating from the degenerated oocytes, thus allowed the transfer of york precursors needed for vitellogenesis (through phagocytosis by phagolysosomes after spawning). Follicle cells presumably have a lysosomal system for breakdown products of oocyte degeneration. and for reabsorption of various phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage during the period of oocyte degeneration.

Ultrastructural Studies on Oocyte Development and Vitellogenesis associated with Follicle Cells in Female Scapharca subcrenata (Pelecypoda: Arcidae) in Western Korea

  • Kim, Sung Han
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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    • 제20권3호
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    • pp.227-235
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    • 2016
  • Ultrastructural studies on oocyte development and vitellogenesis in oocytes, and the functions of follicle cells during oogenesis and oocyte degeneration were investigated to clarifyb the reproductive mechanism on vitellogenesis of Scapharca subcrenata using electron microscope observations. In this study, vitellogenesis during oogenesis in the oocytes occured by way of autosynthesis and heterosynthesis. Of two processes of vitellogenesis during oogenesis, the process of endogenous autosynthesis involved the combined activity of the Golgi complex, mitochondria and rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the process of exogenous heterosynthesis involved endocytotic incorporation of extraovarian precursors at the basal region of the oolema of the early vitellogenic oocytes before the formation of the vitelline coat. In this study, follicle cells, which attached to the previtellogenic and vitellogenic oocytes, were easily found. In particular, the follicle cells were involved in the development of previtellogenic oocytes by the supply of nutrients, and vitellogenesis in the early and late vitellogenic oocytes by endocytosis of yolk precursors. Based on observations of follicle cells attached to degenerating oocytes after spawning, follicles of this species are involved in lysosomal induction of oocyte degeneration for the resorption phagosomes (phagolysosomes) in the cytoplasm for nutrient storage, as seen in other bivalves. In this study, the functions of follicle cells can accumulate reserves of lipid granules and glycogen particles for vitellogenesis from degenerating oocytes after spawning.

The Mathematic Model of “Pressing Complexion”Differential Coefficient Countermeasure Decision for Collision-avoidance

  • Cai, Feng;Shi, Aiguo;Yang, Baozhang;Zhou, Lixin
    • 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국항해항만학회 2001년도 Proceeding of KIN-CIN Joint Symposium 2001 on Satellite Navigation/AIS, lntelligence , Computer Based Marine Simulation System and VDR
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2001
  • In this article, we have done some analysis about the collision-avoidance specialty of “pressing complexion” and “pressing danger”in the meet process of two boats, and offered a mathematic model of differential coefficient countermeasure decision for collision-avoidance, which adapt to the right complexion. The basal idea is, in the right condition whatever do the coming boat do, and our boat will always adept dynamic, continuous and the best countermeasure. When both the controlling capabilities of two boats have advantage and inferior position, we can working-out with the qualitative differential coefficient countermeasure.

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