• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.99-108
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• 2003

The Purpose of. this study was to investigate the relationship between sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance-management behavior. The method of the study was survey research by using questionnaires. Subjects were 323 females in their twenties. Statistical analysis methods were frequency, percentage, factor analysis, one-way ANOVA, X²-test, and Duncan's multiple range test. The results of the study were as follows. As for appearance-management behaviors of females in their twenties, they experienced in diet, plastic surgery, skin care, make up, and hair dyeing. There were significant differences in body satisfaction between groups according to body image distortion. Respondents were barely satisfied with their body, and the group with high body image distortion showed low body satisfaction. Sociocultural attitude toward appearance factors was analyzed into 2 factors, iternalization of mass-media and social recognition toward appearance, which respondents considered importantly. A significant difference was found in sociocultural attitude toward appearance and appearance management behavior. The group with positive sociocultural attitude toward appearance was analyzed to show high appearance concern and many experiences of appearance management behaviors.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

It is well recognized that the wicking of liquids in a textile fabric takes place mainly through a capillary system composed of the individual fibers. Considering typical dyeing stages, it is thought that a high dye uptake on the fabric probably depends on the wickability. Three kinds of barely water soluble ketones, acetophenone(A), 2-pentanone(2P) and 3-pentanone(3P) were separately dissolved in methanol(M) and then each was mixed with aqueous solution of C. I. Red Acid 114. Wicking heights of dyeing solutions were measured under such conditions that the effect of gravity was negligible. The result could be graphed as a series of straight lines having the form s = $kt^{1/2}$, where s was distance traveled by the solutions, t was time, and k was slope of the line. The surface tension(${\gamma}$) of the ketones had more signifcant effect on the wickability compared to the viscosity(${\eta}$) of them. The greater wickability resulted in the higher dye uptake on the fabric and the order of wickabilty was equal to that of the surface tension(${\gamma}$) and dye uptake on the fabric, A>3P>2P>M.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.55-62
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• 2003

Wool fabrics were dyed with the aqueous solution of C. I. Red Acid 114 mixed with methanol dissolving three kinds of barely water soluble ketones, acetophenone, 2-pentanone, and 3-pentanone. The steric hinderance and the orientation of the bigger hydrophobic part of the solvated dye molecules to the fiber slowed down the dying rate, however, loosening the wool molecule, say a little swelling, disaggeregating the dye molecules, and attaining the higher dye concentration on the fiber surface by the added solvents increased the amount of dye on the fabric. The higher concentration or/and the higher dyeing temperature helped loosen fiber molecules and made it easier for the solvated dye molecules to penetrate into the inside of the fiber. Acetophenone, the most influential solvent used, showed that the ability to loosen fiber molecules was the most important of all the three positive solvent actions mentioned above. The considered mechanism provided before reflected the fact that the dye uptake on the fabric dyed with the solvents included, except for 0.034M and 0.051M of acetophenone, was even lower than that without any solvents at $50^\circ{C}$, but all the solvents added to the dye bath increased the dye uptake on the fiber at $70^\circ{C}$.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2020

The use of polyphenol extracts from radiata pine (Pinus radiata) bark as raw materials for bio-foams was investigated along with the optimal NaOH extraction conditions. The targeted yield of alkaline extracts was 60%, and the targeted pH was 11 to 12. The radiata pine bark was composed of 70% of a 1% NaOH extract, which contained mainly polyphenols, such as proanthocyanidin (PA). As the particle size of the bark decreased, the yield of the 1% NaOH extracts increased from 57 to 87%. A range of NaOH concentrations, liquor ratios, and extraction times were explored to establish an economic polyphenol extraction method. More than 60% of the alkaline extract was extracted, and the pH of the extract was approximately 12 when the optimum extraction conditions were employed, i.e., a liquor to bark ratio of 5:1, a NaOH dosage of 17 to 18% based on the bark weight, and a 1 h extraction time. Following neutralization of the alkaline extract, structural analysis indicated severe structural changes in the PA during the alkaline extraction. Because the alkaline extract was barely soluble in the solvent used for the structural analyses, it is assumed that chemical modification is required to increase the solubility of the alkaline extract for the production of bio-foams.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

The morphology of deposits on $15-{\mu}m$ thin SiC filaments has been investigated with SEM and compared with UV-excited laser induced broadband fluorescences in co-flowing, propane laminar diffusion flames in a reduced oxidizer environment. The homogeneous morphology of droplet-like deposits inner flame zone and the agglomeration of condensed-phase deposits and the transition to soots from grown up droplet-like precursors with approaching the flame surface can be observed in a barely sooting flame. The average size of the mature soots deposited in the luminous flame edge is scarcely dependent on their axial position in a confined flame under reduced oxidizer condition. A double structure of PAH fluorescence is observed in near-extinction flames with further decreasing of oxidizer. A comparison of the PAH fluorescence with the morphologies of deposits indicates that appearance of the "dark" hollow zone is caused by a decreased number density of developed liquid-phase large molecules and the outer weak fluorescence zone is caused by the diffusion of gas-phase small molecules.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.618-628
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• 2002

The purposes of this study were to identify patterns and trends of nursing studies of workers' stress conducted in Korea over the last two decades, and to suggest the direction of future research activities. Research studies of workers' stress were collected from the abstract and the title lists of studies using internet search. The total number of studies used for this study was 118. The analysis of these studies showed that the studies of workers' stress have increased rapidly since 1995, but most of them were non-experimental design studies. They tended to be conducted more on nurses, and used confusedly in stress terms. Instruments developed by the authors were the most popular. Moreover, the organizational variables of the stress-related concept were barely used except nurses' stress. Therefore, it was needed to identify and clarify the terms of stress among the authors, and to develop the workers' stress management programs and examine their effects. Especially studies that include the organizational variables of workers' stress need to be done in the future.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2017

Many studies have addressed 'Adaptive User Interface (AUI)', wherein the user interface changes in accordance with the situation and the environment of each user at runtime. Nevertheless, previous papers for AUI barely reflected the viewpoints from requirements engineering field, since most of them focused on proposing the architecture and design. In this study, we outline AUI with the perspective of requirements engineering and propose the requirements elicitation and specification method based on concepts which have been researched in the area of self-adaptive system. Step by step, we first redefine and reinterpret the well-known concepts of self-adaptive software, after which the AUI requirements are elicited and specified. Finally, we illustrate a case study, which demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.201-224
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• 2015

This study analyzes the influences on the reading flow, reading satisfaction, and continuous willingness to read books for parents, teachers, and friends as a reading role model to influence high school students and the differences in the personal characteristics; gender, disciplines, and grade. The result shows that the most important contributor for high school students' reading is friends and male students are more influenced by their friends than female students. In addition, students in vocational high school are more influenced by their friends than students in academic high school. Parents factor relatively affects the reading for male students, 3rd grade students in high school, and students in academic high school. On the other hand, teachers barely affect the reading factors for students.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.167-174
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• 2009

Nowadays, it has become common to equip a device with Bluetooth. As such devices become pervasive in the world; much work has been done on forming them into a network, however, almost all the Bluetooth Scatternet Formation Algorithms assume devices are homogeneous. Even the exceptional algorithms barely mentioned a little about the different characteristics of devices like computational abilities, traffic loads for special nodes like bridge nodes or super nodes, which are usually the bottleneck in the scatternet. In this paper, we treat the devices differently not only based on the hardware characteristics, but also considering other conditions like different classes, different groups and so on. We use a two-phase Scatternet Formation Algorithm here: in the first phase, construct scatternets for a specified kind of devices; in the second phase, connect these scatternets by using least other kinds of devices as bridge nodes. Finally, we give some applications to show the benefit of classification.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2007

We have investigated the seasonal characteristics of surface turbulent fluxes observed at Ieodo Ocean Research Station from 2005 to 2006. Both 10Hz and 30 minutes flux data are quality controled, and tilt correction is performed in 10Hz data before quality control. The turbulent fluxes of open sea shows clear seasonal variations, though diurnal variations are barely shown. The seasonal ratio of stable and unstable conditions are closely related to the temperature difference between sea surface and air. In stable and semi-stable condition, latent and sensible heat fluxes have very small values without any relationship with wind speed. Though friction velocity shows slightly increasing trend with wind speed, it has many outliers. In unstable condition, turbulent fluxes increased with wind speed. Especially, latent heat flux increased rapidly during DJF. The latent heat flux at high wind speeds is more scatter.