• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2007

The photosynthetic characteristics and primary production by phytoplankton in open waters of two wetlands (the Banwol and the Donghwa wetland) of Sihwa Constructed Wetland with different water chemistry were investigated to provide the information for the wetland management considering the water treatment efficiency. During the study period (from March to October, 2005) the primary productivity in open waters ranged from 481 to 11,275 mgC $m^{-2}$ $day^{-1}$, which is very high compared with the eutrophic level of 600mgC $m^{-2}$ $day^{-1}$. From the analysis of the photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) model parameters, the photosynthetic characteristics may be affected by different concentration and ratio of nutrient (N and P) between two wetlands. Assimilation number (AN) was higher in the Donghwa wetland (average AN: 8.5gC $gChl^{-1}$ $hr^{-1}$) with high P and low N/P ratio than the Banwol wetland (average AN: 5.8gC $gChl^{-1}$ $hr^{-1}$) with high N and high N/P ratio. This result indicates that AN may be concerned with phosphorus than nitrogen and low NIP ratio. Positive correlation (R=0.81) was observed between the initial slope and AN, implying that AN was high in case of phytoplankton having more active photosynthesis ability under low light. On the other hand, maximum photosynthesis (Pmax) was related positively with chlorophyll a concentration showing correlation coefficient of 0.47. In this study, considering the high primary production through phytoplankton photosynthesis in open waters of Sihwa Constructed Wetland, the produced organic matter by phytoplankton may affect the water quality within wetland and its efficiency of water treatment. Also, the photosynthetic characteristics may be affected by different nutrient enrichment (especially phosphorus) of wetlands. This study suggests that the production by phytoplankton and its characteristics in open water of constructed wetland for water treatment should be considered to improve the removal efficiency of organic matter.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 2010

By philological geography method for dismantling and reconstituting Buyeo's Palkyung(扶餘 八景), which best signify the image of ancient city Buyeo's landscape, this research is to demonstrate the fact that the place's inertia of certain historic sites has been passed down as a type of geographic code. Titled poems and retrospective poems about Buyeo's Palkyung and its spectacles and landscapes reveal the fact that the splendid and glorious cultural heritage of Baekje had faded but its traces have remained in the each eight views including Nakhwa-am(落花巖), Goran-sa(皐蘭寺), and Jayong-dae(釣龍臺). In addtion, the spectacles and historic sites of Buyeo's Palkyung appear as the symbol of Baekje's fall and loss in the poems. Thus, it can be said that Buyeo's culture and civilization have never escaped from the cultural and historical scars of Baekhe's fall, being dominated by the place's inertia originated from the identity as "Baekje'slastcapital". It is ironical that Buyeo's future development and prosperity are not free from its cultural and historical spectacles which bear the image of the fall of Baekje. 'Older Buyeos' Palkyung(扶餘舊八景)' and, Prior Buyeo's Palkyung(夫餘前八景), originate from nine views of an unknown builder and after the construction of pavilions and towers, 'Subuk-jeong eight views(水北亭八景)' by Heungguk Kim(金興國) and the eight poems of the, Retrospect of Buyeo(扶餘懷古八景), were created. 'Buyeo's later Palkyung(扶餘後八景), which are especially free from the site's inertia are known to have expanded the scope of Buyeo's landscape by deliberately demonstrating spectacles and sites different from those of existing views. Nakhwa-am, Goran-sa, Joryong-dae, Songwal-dae(送月臺), Youngwal-dae(迎月臺), and Pyungje-tap(平濟塔) are all located within a one kilometer radius of Banwol-sung(半月城), Buyeo's palace and the Baekma river(白馬江), Daewang-po(大旺浦), Busan(浮山) in a two kilometers radius. Jaon-dae(自溫臺), Subuk-jeong(水北亭), and Gyuam-jin(窺岩津) are located within a three kilometers radius. Even Chunjeong-dae(天政臺), which are located within a four kilometers radius of Banwol-sung are located alongside the Baekma river. This indicates the fact that these spectacles had not been established temporarily or impromptu but for a long period time by historic retrospect and the inertia of landscape's geographic cycle. In conclusion, the geographic phenomenon of historical and cultural inertia appeared because Buyeo had the geographic message of "fallen, ancient city". Therefore, Buyeo's Palkyung which have constant retrospective inertia is clearly an geographic code effective and helpful to understand not only the characteristics of historic sites and spectacles of Buyeo in the Sabi period but also the quality of the site itself.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2008

Lake Shiwha, an artificial lake located near metropolitan Seoul, offers a unique water environment and has been suspected to have high levels of chemical and microbiological contaminations. Lake Shiwha was originally connected to the sea but currently has four major surface water inputs from agricultural, municipal, industrial areas and in addition an occasional inflow from the sea. The objectives of this study are to investigate the relative contribution of microbial contaminants from each of the inflowing surface waters and to identify appropriate microbial indicator organisms in this unique water environment. We measured the levels of microbial contaminations in the four inflowing surface waters. A number of microbial indicator organisms including total coliform (TC), fecal coliform (FC), E. coli, Enterococci, somatic and male-specific coliphages were analyzed. Bacterial indicator microorganisms were detected and quantified by the $Colilert^{(R)},\;Enterolert^{(R)}$ kit. Surface water (50 l) was sampled by $ViroCap^{TM}\;5"$ cartridge filters and analyzed by the single agar layer method for detecting coliphages. The concentrations of TC, FC, E. coli, and Enterococci were 1543 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.99{\times}10^6$ CFU/100 ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}202$ CFU/100ml, 0 CFU/100 ml${\sim}1.80{\sim}10^5$ CFU/100ml, 74 CFU/100 ml${\sim}3408$ CFU/100 ml, respectively. The male-specific and somatic coliphages were detected in three different inflowing surface waters. Isolated E. coli and Enterococci strains were further analyzed by 16s rDNA amplification and subsequent phylogenetic analysis from Jungwang-chun, Ansan-chun, Banwol-chun and penstock of inflowing surface water. Our results indicated that the concentrations of different fecal indicator microorganisms might not be highly correlated with each other. Multiple microbial indicator organisms should be used for monitoring microbial contamination and microbial source tracking methods.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.517-532
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• 2010

After establishment of Banwol industrial complex in 1987, Ansan city becomes the largest industrial sector development in Gyeonggi-do, Korea. As the population and industrial activity grow over this region, toxic air pollutants, particularly POPs (Persistent Organic Pollutants) from various emission sources have been major public concerns. Air samples for POPs monitoring were collected at the industrial sites ($A_2$), residential sites ($B_1$, $B_2$), commercial site (C), and rural/remote site (D) of the area of Ansan during 2008 with a prolonged industrial sampling site $A_1$ from 2001 to 2008. All samples were analysed for 2,3,7,8 substituted-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin like polychlorinatd diphenyls (dl-PCBs). In site $A_1$, a steady decline of their concentrations from 2003 to 2008 was observed due to the reinforced emission guideline from waste incinerators. The average concentration of the PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs ranged between 0.118 pg-TEQ/$m^3$ (rural/remote site D) and 0.532 pg-TEQ/$m^3$ (industrial area $A_2$). These level were generally consistent with previous studies in Gyeonggi-do, while higher than other places. Most of PCDD/Fs congener were partitioned into particle phase, whereas dl-PCBs were partitioned into gas phase. The logarithm of gas-particle partition coefficient $K_P$ of dl-PCBs and PCDD/Fs were well correlated with sub-cooled liquid vapor pressure $P_L$. The slope $m_T$ of log $K_P$ versus log $P_L$ for PCDD/Fs (-1.22) and dl-PCBs (-1.02) in industrial area ($A_2$) were high compared to other residential/commercial area. It suggests that this area was likely influenced by the direct emission source of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs. To simulate the partition of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs between gas and particle phase, Junge-Pankow model ($P_L$-base) and $K_{oa}$ model were applied. It was found that J-P model was more suitable than the $K_{oa}$ model in this study.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.98-120
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• 2007

This study analyzed the linkage relations of technological innovation between Daedeok Innopolis and other seven innovative clusters in industrial complexes which have played important roles as innovative centers in Korea. To begin with, we selected major technologies of Daedeok Innopolis for which the linkage with other clusters of innovative activities was analyzed quantitatively and graphically with association matrices, network analysis and dendrogram. Based on this network analysis, we analyzed the technological linkage among clusters and found the direction and strength of technological cooperation of the Daedeok Innopolis with other innovative clusters by technology field. This study analyzed the technological network between the Daedeok Innopolis and other clusters on 6 technology fields in which Daedeok has innovative capabilities. In the analysis was measured the centrality of Daedeok compared with that of other clusters in areas where Daedeok is relatively active in innovative activities. As a result, Daedeok showed the highest centrality with the active innovative activities. Except Daedeok, Banwol-Sihwa cluster showed the highest centrality in all of the 6 technology fields. Putting all the centrality of each innovative cluster and the linkage relations of Daedeok Innopolis together, it need to consider the following policy directions to strengthen the innovative linkage with other clusters. In Daedeok's main technology areas, it needs to increase the regional linkage with the clusters with relatively high centrality and relatively low linkage with Daedeok. For Changwon, Wonju and Gunsan with which Daedeok has the relatively low innovative linkage, it need to examine a new policy to improve the linkage with technologies related with the industry other clusters are nurturing. When Daedeok formulates a plan to cooperate with other clusters, it does not only have to consider the linkage relations of technological innovation analyzed in this study and but also has to examine the cooperative strategies from the comprehensive point of view considering every aspect of their strategic industries, supportive policies, industrial base and competitiveness. This study analyzed the linkage relations between regions based on the network analysis of patents only by co-invention. Consequently, it did not examine the factors inducing the co-invention, which is a limitation of the study and is to be investigated in the future. Also, the exploratory analysis on determinants of linkage intensity and the strategies to get synergy effects through solidified linkage will be the issues of further study.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-20
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• 2016

This study explored the cognitive characteristics and learning needs of economically disadvantaged gifted students. Gifted students(n=99), economically disadvantaged gifted students(n=43), and non-gifted students(n=50) participated in intelligence and creativity tests, and took self assessments of meta-cognition, epistemological beliefs, learning style preferences, and personal time usage. Superior abstract reasoning ability of economically disadvantaged gifted students was found because their scores on Raven's Test had risen rapidly compared to the other groups. Economically disadvantaged gifted students showed similar high scores as the gifted student on the Torrance Tests of Creativity Thinking-Figural, but not on Verbal. They were found to have a perception of the positive relationships among effort, learning abilities, and values of learning integrated knowledge with a general plan. However, they showed lower meta-cognitive control abilities than the gifted students in learning management and strategies, epistemological beliefs in value of rational operations, and time usage for learning. It is necessary to assign economically disadvantaged gifted students a task with various step by step methods of approach because these students prefer a new and creative task to difficult ones. Instruction plans such as developing language and meta-cognitive abilities and practical application of learning content was proposed.

• Clean Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

This study investigated the environmental effects of improving the general-type activated carbon adsorption tower used at the Sihwa/Banwol Industrial Complex with use of a cartridge-type activated carbon adsorption tower for the application of an activated carbon co-regenerated system. Four general-type activated carbon adsorption towers and two cartridge-type activated carbon adsorption towers were selected to analyze the properties of activated carbon and to compare the efficiency of reducing environmental pollutants. The results showed that the activated carbon used in the cartridge-type activated carbon adsorption towers was high quality activated carbon with an iodine adsorption force of more than 800 mg/g and that a good adsorption performance was maintained within the replacement cycle. From an analysis of the environmental pollutant reduction efficiency, it was confirmed that the cartridge-type activated carbon adsorption tower functioned properly as a prevention facility for handling emissions pollutants with a treatment efficiency of total hydrocarbons (THC), toluene, and methylethylketone (MEK) components of 71%, 77%, and 80%, respectively. The general activated carbon adsorption tower, which was confirmed to use low-performance activated carbon, had a very low treatment efficiency and did not function properly as a prevention facility for dealing with emission pollutants. It is believed that it is possible to reduce pollutants during operations by changing from the general-type activated carbon adsorption tower to a cartridge-type activated carbon adsorption tower.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.86 no.3
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• pp.342-351
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• 1997

The objective of this study was to compare acid-neutralizing and buffering capacity of four tree species against soil acidification by acid rain. About 30-year-old forests composed of Pinus rigida, Alnus hirsuta, Quercus mongolica, and Liriodendron tulipifera in a provincial experimental forest located 15km east from Banwol Industrial Complex in Kyonggido were used in this study. Incident precipitation, throughfall and stemflow, and soil samples were collected from May to September, 1996 to analyze their pH and canon concentrations. Internal leaf pH, external acid neutralizing capacity(ENC), and buffering capacity index(BCI) of leaves were also determined. The incident precipitation showed an average pH of 4.56, with the percentage of acid rain incidents being 74%. The average soil pH of the study area was 4.15. The pH of throughfall and stemflow in all four species was higher than that of precipitation except that of the stemflow of Pinus rigida which showed a pH of 3.73. The throughfall of Liriodendron tulipifera showed the highest pH of 5.38. The pH of throughfall and stemflow showed a positive correlation and no correlation, respectively, with precipitations. The most abundant cation in precipitation was Ca. The canon concentraions in throughfall and stemflow decreased in the following order of K, Na, Ca, and Mg. Cation concentrations in stemflow were highest in Lirioendron tulipifera and lowest in Pines rigida. Nutrient leaching from above ground increased with decreasing pH of precipitation. The pH of stemflow showed a positive correlation with ENC and BCI. The highest values in ENC, BCI, soil pH, and soil cation concentrations were observed in Liriodendron tulipifera, while the lowest values were obtained in Pinus rigida, It was concluded that Liriodendron tulipifera had highest neutralizing capacity against acid rain, while Pinus rigida had the lowest capacity and even promoted acidification of soil.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.3340-3353
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• 2009

This paper aims to study the effect of academia-industrial cooperation on the technical innovation of small and medium-sized companies. A survey was conducted on about 1,100 businesses located in the Sihwa-Banwol industrial estate to analyze the consequence of three factors of academia-industrial cooperation. the joint use of equipments, technological support of universities to businesses, and cooperative technological development through technical guidance-on entrepreneurial capability and their knowledge-absorption ability, and ultimately on their technological innovation,. The validity of the survey result was tested through the Structural Equation Model. On the basis of the comparison between companies which have participated in academy-industry cooperation and companies which have not, this paper suggests that venture businesses should take advantage of the cooperation with universities to boost their competitiveness. The analysis of the three individual factors of the academy-industry cooperation based on the Structural Equation Model shows that all of them have remarkable influence on entrepreneurial capability, but that they don't have as much impact on businesses' knowledge absorption ability. However, the outcome of technological innovation of businesses is primarily influenced by entrepreneurial capability rather than their knowledge absorption ability. The survey also shows that the three factors of the cooperation have an equal impact on the competitiveness of companies regardless of their business type or their products' growth stages. As the companies involved in academy industry cooperation outweigh other businesses, in terms of technological innovation, the numbers of new product development, and the numbers of their process improvement cases, this paper argues that new strategies should be taken for the businesses to fully take advantage of academy-industry cooperation.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.1
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• pp.155-160
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• 2001

Changes in genetic diversity after seed-tree practice were simulated in test plantation of tulip tree at Sokdal-ri, Banwol-myon, Hwasung-gun, Kyungki Provence. I-SSR markers were analyzed in a total of 305 tulip trees. A total of 89 amplicon variants were observed by PCR with 9 I-SSR primers. Genetic diversity for 305 trees was relatively high (S. I. =0.4532). Individuals originated from the seed orchards in U.S.A. showed the highest level of genetic diversity (0.4530), those from Anyang showed the medium level (0.4152), and those from Cheonbuk showed the lowest (0.3929). Simulation of seed-tree practice accompanied by 2 consecutive thinnings was performed on the basis of morphological characteristics and planted distances of the individual trees, which left 37 trees as candidates for seed-trees. Decreasing rate of genetic diversity within seed sources was greatest for individuals from Cheonbuk (28.3%), moderate for those from Anyang (16.3%), and smallest for those from U.S.A. (8.0%). In spite of little difference in decreasing rate of individuals for the 3 seed sources (87.5~88.2%), large difference in decreasing rate of genetic diversity within seed sources might be due to difference in number of mother trees for the 3 seed sources. For example, whereas individuals originated from the seed orchard in U.S.A., which showed the smallest decreasing rate of genetic diversity, might be originated from relatively large number of mother trees, those from Anyang and Cheonbuk might be originated from relatively small number of mother trees. Although mean of 17.5% of the genetic diversity within seed sources was decreased through 2 consecutive thinnings, a decrease in genetic diversity for the whole individuals (37 trees) was only 6.1%. This observation suggests that the seed-tree practice on the basis of the criteria established in the present study may not result in great reduction in overall genetic diversity of the progenies.